PAIN AMONG OLDER MEXICANS: FINDINGS FROM THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY

Abstract In Mexico, palliative care and pain relief was recently added to the essential health services offered through Seguro Popular. Pain is more frequent in older adults, a growing segment of this population, and is a major contributor to decreased quality of life and increased morbidity. However, Mexico only has enough opioid analgesics to treat 36% of those in need. We used logistic regression models to examine correlates of pain using data from the 2012 wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, which includes Mexicans aged 50 and older (n=13,727). Overall, 38.2% of individuals reported that they often suffered from pain. Those who reported pain were more likely to be female (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.72), insured (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.33), live in a semi-rural locality (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.34), report their health as fair or poor (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.73, 3.29), be a past smoker (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29), have at least one ADL limitation (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.27, 2.93), report depression (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 2.02, 2.37), or report arthritis (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 2.45, 3.07). Those who did not report pain were more likely to be widowed or have higher education. Diabetes, stroke, and cancer were not significantly associated with pain. Given that Mexico does not have the resources to treat over half of individuals living with pain, understanding the high burden of pain in this population is important to inform interventions and improve quality of life.

Download Full-text

Physician Perceptions on Quality of Life and Resuscitation Preferences for Extremely Early Newborns

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1733782 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle LoRe ◽

Christopher Mattson ◽

Dalia M. Feltman ◽

Jessica T. Fry ◽

Kathleen G. Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Comfort Care ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Extremely Preterm

Objective The study aimed to explore physician views on whether extremely early newborns will have an acceptable quality of life (QOL), and if these views are associated with physician resuscitation preferences. Study Design We performed a cross-sectional survey of neonatologists and maternal fetal medicine (MFM) attendings, fellows, and residents at four U.S. medical centers exploring physician views on future QOL of extremely early newborns and physician resuscitation preferences. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined association of perceived QOL and resuscitation preferences when adjusting for specialty, level of training, gender, and experience with ex-premature infants. Results A total of 254 of 544 (47%) physicians were responded. A minority of physicians had interacted with surviving extremely early newborns when they were ≥3 years old (23% of physicians in pediatrics/neonatology and 6% in obstetrics/MFM). The majority of physicians did not believe an extremely early newborn would have an acceptable QOL at the earliest gestational ages (11% at 22 and 23% at 23 weeks). The majority of physicians (73%) believed that having an extremely preterm infant would have negative effects on the family's QOL. Mixed-effects logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) revealed that physicians who believed infants would have an acceptable QOL were less likely to offer comfort care only at 22 (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.65, p < 0.01) and 23 weeks (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.78, p < 0.02). They were also more likely to offer active treatment only at 24 weeks (OR: 9.66, 95% CI: 2.56–38.87, p < 0.01) and 25 weeks (OR: 19.51, 95% CI: 3.33–126.72, p < 0.01). Conclusion Physician views of extremely early newborns' future QOL correlated with self-reported resuscitation preferences. Residents and obstetric physicians reported more pessimistic views on QOL. Key Points

Download Full-text

Logistic regression models for predicting physical and mental health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Modern Rheumatology ◽

10.3109/s10165-008-0092-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 601-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gholam Hossein Alishiri ◽

Noushin Bayat ◽

Ali Fathi Ashtiani ◽

Seyed Abbas Tavallaii ◽

Shervin Assari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Mental Health ◽

Regression Models ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Download Full-text

Relations Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being: The Gerontologist's New Clothes?

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/49xw-dc4u-yt00-kdb7 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 297-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Avron Spiro ◽

Raymond Bossé

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Moderate Amount ◽

Aging Study ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Using Data

Is the recent construct of health-related quality of life (HQL) distinct from what gerontologists have long referred to as “well-being” or “life satisfaction?” We addressed this question using data from men in the VA Normative Aging Study to examine relations among twelve scales assessing HQL and seven scales of well-being (WB). We hypothesized that these two constructs would be distinct factorially, and that the derived factors would have different correlates. Correlations between scales of HQL and WB were moderate. When the nineteen scales were factored, four factors were extracted with HQL and WB scales generally loading on separate factors. The factors had distinct patterns of relations with general quality of life, personality, and the presence of a health problem, controlling for sociodemographics. These results suggest that HQL is distinct from the older construct of well-being. Although the two constructs are conceptually related, there is only a moderate amount of statistical overlap between them. Gerontologists should readily adopt health-related quality of life, which maintains continuity with such classics as well-being. This new construct, although needing slight alterations to broaden its assessment of well-being and life satisfaction, holds promise as more than an accessory in the study of health and well-being among older persons.

Download Full-text

Ordinal logistic regression models: application in quality of life studies

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2008001600010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (suppl 4) ◽

pp. s581-s591 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Mery Natali Silva Abreu ◽

Arminda Lucia Siqueira ◽

Clareci Silva Cardoso ◽

Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Proportional Odds Model ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Proportional Odds ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Quality of life has been increasingly emphasized in public health research in recent years. Typically, the results of quality of life are measured by means of ordinal scales. In these situations, specific statistical methods are necessary because procedures such as either dichotomization or misinformation on the distribution of the outcome variable may complicate the inferential process. Ordinal logistic regression models are appropriate in many of these situations. This article presents a review of the proportional odds model, partial proportional odds model, continuation ratio model, and stereotype model. The fit, statistical inference, and comparisons between models are illustrated with data from a study on quality of life in 273 patients with schizophrenia. All tested models showed good fit, but the proportional odds or partial proportional odds models proved to be the best choice due to the nature of the data and ease of interpretation of the results. Ordinal logistic models perform differently depending on categorization of outcome, adequacy in relation to assumptions, goodness-of-fit, and parsimony.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Various Police Enforcement Actions on Violent Crime: Evidence From a Saturation Foot-Patrol Intervention

Criminal Justice Policy Review ◽

10.1177/0887403417725370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (6-7) ◽

pp. 611-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric L. Piza

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Crime Prevention ◽

Regression Models ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Target Area ◽

Spatial Displacement ◽

Foot Patrol ◽

Logistic Regression Models

The current study tests the crime prevention effect of different police actions conducted during a foot-patrol saturation initiative in Newark, New Jersey. Police actions were categorized into two typologies: enforcement actions (i.e., arrests, quality of life summonses and field interrogations) and guardian actions (i.e., business checks, citizen contacts, bus checks, and taxi inspections). Logistic regression models tested the effect of enforcement and guardian actions on crime during daily (i.e., 24-hr) periods as well as the intervention’s operational (6:00 p.m.-2:00 a.m.) and nonoperational (2:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) periods. Analyses were conducted twice, once for the Operation Impact target area and once for a surrounding catchment zone (to measure spatial displacement). Findings suggest that guardian actions had a greater crime prevention effect than enforcement actions on crime occurrence. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Download Full-text

Health-related quality of life in hospitalized older patients with versus without prolonged use of opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, and z-hypnotics: a cross-sectional study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01838-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Socheat Cheng ◽

Tahreem Ghazal Siddiqui ◽

Michael Gossop ◽

Knut Stavem ◽

Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Patients ◽

Regression Models ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Comorbidity Burden ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Abstract Background Central nervous system depressant medications (CNSDs) such as opioid analgesics and sedative-hypnotics are commonly prescribed to older patients for the treatment of chronic pain, anxiety and insomnia. Yet, while many studies reported potential harms, it remains unknown whether persistent use of these medications is beneficial for older patients’ self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study clarified this knowledge gap through comparing HRQoL of hospitalized older patients with versus without using CNSD drugs for ≥4 weeks. Moreover, we explored the relationship between such use and HRQoL, adjusting for the effects of polypharmacy, comorbidity burden and other clinically relevant covariates. Methods The study was cross-sectional and included 246 older patients recruited consecutively from somatic departments of a large regional university hospital in Norway. We defined prolonged CNSD use as using opioids, benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics for ≥4 weeks. Patients’ self-reported HRQoL were measured with scales of the EuroQol EQ-5D-3L instrument. Data analyses were mainly descriptive statistics and regression models. Results Patients with prolonged use of CNSDs reported lower scores on both EQ-5D index and EQ VAS compared with those without such use (p < 0.001). They had higher odds of having more problems performing usual activities (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.40 to 8.13), pain/discomfort (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.05 to 4.04), and anxiety/depression (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.82 to 7.82). In multivariable regression models, there was no significant association between prolonged CNSD use and HRQoL when including pain as a predictor variable. In models not including pain, CNSD use was strongly associated with HRQoL (adjusted for sociodemographic background, polypharmacy, comorbidity, anxiety and depressive symptoms, regression coefficient − 0.19 (95% CI, − 0.31 to − 0.06). Conclusions Older patients with prolonged CNSD use reported poorer HRQoL. They also had more pain and higher depression scores. Prolonged use of CNSDs was not independently associated with higher HRQoL.

Download Full-text

Association between quality of life and risk behaviors in Brazilian adolescents: An exploratory study

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105320953472 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135910532095347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno de Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

André Luiz Monezi Andrade ◽

Fernanda Machado Lopes ◽

Richard Alecsander Reichert ◽

Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Regression Models ◽

Negative Association ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Connectivity Indices ◽

Type Of School

We evaluated the association between risk behaviors and quality of life in 1,081 adolescents classified into the risk behavior (RB) or the non-risk behavior (nRB) group. The data were analyzed with logistic regression models, analysis of variance, and network analysis. The nRB group had higher quality-of-life scores, and having a religion (OR = .42) and better quality of life (OR = .95) significantly reduced the odds of risk behaviors. The network analysis identified that religion, gender, and type of school showed the best centrality and connectivity indices. These data showed a negative association between risk behaviors and lower quality-of-life levels.

Download Full-text

Improving the Quality of Survey Data on College Campus Woman Abuse: The Contribution of a Supplementary Open-Ended Question

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801220975496 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107780122097549

Author(s):

Walter S. DeKeseredy ◽

Danielle M. Stoneberg ◽

James Nolan ◽

Gabrielle L. Lory

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Higher Education ◽

Survey Data ◽

College Campus ◽

Woman Abuse ◽

Institutions Of Higher Education ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Methodological Challenge ◽

Using Data

Obtaining accurate survey data on the prevalence of woman abuse in institutions of higher education continues to be a major methodological challenge. Underreporting is difficult to overcome; yet, there may be effective ways of minimizing this problem. One is adding a supplementary open-ended question to a primarily quantitative questionnaire. Using data derived from the Campus Quality of Life Survey (CQLS), this article examines whether asking respondents to complete such a question increases the prevalence rates of four types of woman abuse and provides information on behaviors that are not included in widely used and validated measures of these harms.

Download Full-text

Association between Anxiety, Quality of Life and Academic Performance of the Final-Year-Students in Latvia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5784

Author(s):

Inta Zile ◽

Ieva Bite ◽

Indra Krumina ◽

Valdis Folkmanis ◽

Lilian Tzivian

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Regression Models ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Academic Achievements ◽

School Year ◽

And Gender ◽

Type Of School ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Models

The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between final-year students’ anxiety level and quality of life (QOL) with their academic achievements. A longitudinal study was performed in regular schools and in high-rated gymnasiums at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Multiple linear regression models were built for the association between level of anxiety/QOL with academic achievements. Type of school and gender—but not the level of anxiety—were the main predictors of academic achievements of 287 adolescents (e.g., for mathematics, the effect estimates were: β = −1.71 [95% confidence interval −2.21; −1.21]; β = −0.50 [−0.95; −0.06], β = 0.09 [−0.02; 0.20] for the type of school, gender, and changes in level of anxiety, respectively). To conclude, particular efforts should be made to reduce the level of anxiety in girls, especially those that study in high-rated schools.

Download Full-text