scholarly journals Reconciling PP and P′P′ precursor observations of a complex 660 km seismic discontinuity

2013 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Day ◽  
Arwen Deuss
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Mantle Transition Zone ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Seismic Discontinuity

Abstract High frequency precursors to P′P′ almost invariably observe a narrow 660 km discontinuity, whereas PP precursor studies at long periods struggle to detect a reflection from the ‘660’ despite its apparent sharpness to P′P′. To investigate these contradictory observations we compare PP and P′P′ precursors in the same region. Using short period P′P′ precursors we observe a sharp 660 km discontinuity, which appears to vary in depth substantially. The apparent topography on the ‘660’ is too large to originate solely from thermal variations, regardless of its cause, therefore indicating chemical variations at the base of the mantle transition zone. Long period P′P′ precursors show no ‘660’ as they are sensitive to a larger area and thus average out the apparent topography, in agreement with long period PP precursors. Instead, we see some evidence in both long period data types for a reflection from 720 km depth, which is likely to correspond to a phase change in the garnet system.

scholarly journals Capabilities of Satellite-Based Precipitation to Estimate the Spatiotemporal Variation of Flood/Drought Class in Poyang Lake Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghu Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xuchun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Poyang Lake Basin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Drought Classes

Poyang Lake basin is one of the most frequently affected areas by a variety of flood or drought events in China. Satellite-based precipitation data have greatly improved their temporal and spatial resolution in recent years, but the short length of records limited their applications in some fields. This paper compared and evaluated the creditability of using a short period data series to estimate the statistics characteristics of long period data series and investigated the usefulness of TRMM rainfall data for monitoring the temporal and spatial distribution of flood/drought classes by theZindex method in Poyang Lake basin. The results show that (1) the 1998–2010 data series are sufficiently robust to depict the statistics characteristics of long period data; (2) the intra-annual distribution and interannual variability of flood/drought classes based on TRMM rainfall data matched well with the results from rain gauges data; (3) the spatial agreement between TRMM and interpolated gauges rainfall varied with the precipitation characteristics; and (4) TRMM rainfall data described the similar spatial pattern of flood/drought classes with the interpolated gauges rainfall. In conclusion, it is suitable and credible for flood/drought classes evaluation based on the TRMM rainfall data in Poyang Lake basin.

Noise level variation at norsar and its effect on detectability

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ringdal ◽  
H. Bungum
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Period Data

Abstract For a 3-year period, noise level measurements of short- and long-period data at NORSAR have been sampled at hourly intervals. Significant seasonal fluctuations in noise level have been found, in particular for long-period data. The noise amplitude distribution is approximately lognormal for band-pass filtered short-period data in the P-wave detection band, while the long-period noise data show a skewness that cannot be represented by a lognormal distribution. Diurnal fluctuations in noise level are quite small, but definitely present both for short and horizontal component long-period data. Cultural sources are found to account for the short-period variability, while the long-period fluctuations are attributed to atmospheric pressure variation. Event detection performance generally follows the noise level trends, with an increase in the number of reported events during summer of about 50 per cent relative to winter.

A real-time digital seismic event detection and recording system for network applications

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (6A) ◽  
pp. 2339-2348
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Michael ◽  
Stephen P. Gildea ◽  
Jay J. Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Walsh Transform ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Seismic Event Detection ◽  
Period Data

abstract A real-time digital seismic event detection and recording system has been developed for the MIT Seismic Network. The system has been designed specifically for an environment of low natural seismic activity and for surface stations which are often influenced by weather conditions and cultural noise. The system runs on an HP-1000 computer and can handle up to 16 channels of short- and long-period data. The structure of the system centers around the event detectors, one for short-period data and one for long-period data. These detectors base their decisions on a metric computed from the Walsh transform of the data. This allows them to detect changes in the amplitude of the waveform as well as frequency shifts. Detections at several stations are correlated to prevent glitches from triggering the detector. Present operation successfully saves those events that are large enough for analysis and leaves 23 of the computer available for general timesharing use.

Definition and identification of seismic events in the USSR in 1971

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 607-636
Author(s):  
Ola Dahlman ◽  
Hans Israelson ◽  
Atle Austegard ◽  
Gunnel Hörnström
Keyword(s):  
Focal Depth ◽  
Seismic Monitoring ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Complete Test ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Test Ban ◽  
Test Ban Treaty

abstract Seismic events reported to have occurred in the USSR in 1971 are studied to assess the seismic monitoring problem as it may occur in the context of a complete test-ban treaty. Available epicenter data of a total of 199 events, 180 earthquakes and 19 explosions, are presented. Focal depth estimates reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S., and the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, are compared. Identification parameters determined using short- and long-period data from Hagfors Observatory and supplementary short-period data from the Yellowknife array station in Canada are presented. To study the combined operative efficiency and applicability of available identification parameters, the reported depth estimates and the identification data are assessed in a defined way.

Instrumental group delay for high-frequency and teleseismic P waves

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1854-1861
Author(s):  
Goetz G. R. Buchbinder
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
P Waves ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Seismograph Station ◽  
Group Delays ◽  
Seismograph Network

Abstract The instrumental group delay dθ/dω is considered here. First, these delays were calculated for three different recording systems that were used in a precise travel-time monitoring experiment where the delays varied between 10 and 40 msec for the high frequencies of the seismograms involved. A technique is demonstrated by which these delays may be readily accounted for and by which instrumental malfunctions can be readily detected. Second, two of these systems are also currently used for the recording of short-period teleseisms; at the 1-sec period, the group delays are from 0.3 to 0.4 sec, which is significant and must be accounted for. This is particularly important when these systems are used in connection with data from other systems that have different delays, such as the World-Wide Seismograph Station Network and Canadian Seismograph Network stations. Neglecting these delays will create serious problems in seismological tomography and earthquake catalogs. Third, for long-period phases recorded by the SRO-type instruments, the delays for the 10- to 20-sec periods are 6 to 12 sec; again, these are significant and must be accounted for.

Diffraction from the PKP caustic B

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goetz G. R. Buchbinder
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Amplitude Decrease

abstract Long-period energy preceding the PKPDF branch on long-period seismograms was identified as resulting from diffraction from the PKP caustic B. This conclusion is based on the measurements of the travel times, and, therefore, the slope of the travel times, on the amplitude decrease, and the very rapid dispersion of the periods of one earthquake of intermediate focal depth. Data from three deepfocus earthquakes support this interpretation. Thus, the long-period precursors are not due to the same cause as short-period precursors and are not produced by discontinuities in the transition zone between the inner and outer cores nor by structure in the inner core.

scholarly journals Pemodelan pada Proses Cyclostationarity Berdasarkan Data Pasut Cilacap Tahun 2007-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larasati S. Cendani ◽  
N.M.R.R. Cahya Perbani ◽  
Kania Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Period Measurement

ABSTRAK Sesuai prosedur dalam penentuan MSL sejati, pengamatan pasut dilakukan secara terus-menerus selama 18,61 tahun dengan selang waktu satu jam tanpa jeda. Pengamatan pasut tersebut bukanlah suatu hal yang mudah dan hampir tidak dapat untuk dilakukan, MSL yang digunakan untuk kepentingan teknis umumnya ditentukan berdasarkan data pengamatan pasut periode pendek selama 15 atau 29 hari. Periode pendek tersebut memiliki keterbatasan dalam mengakomodasi seluruh faktor yang mempengaruhi MSL. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini MSL bulanan juga memiliki sifat cyclostationarity berdasarkan penelitian pasang tinggi di Benoa, Bali yang memiliki sifat yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan terjadinya proses cyclostationarity untuk dijadikan sebagai model koreksi mean sea level bulanan dan untuk mengetahui variasi yang terjadi. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan fungsi gelombang dua konstanta pasut periode panjang Sa dan Ssa menggunakan analisis harmonik kuadrat terkecil melalui Deret Fourier. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa model gelombang yang dihasilkan sudah 80% mewakili perilaku MSL bulanan dan simpangan maksimum terhadap MSL bulanan rata-rata sebesar 245 mm. Kata kunci: MSL bulanan, cyclostationarity, fungsi gelombang ABSTRACT In procedure to determine the true mean sea level (MSL), hourly tide measurement should be taken for 18,61 years continuously. That such measurement is not simple and barely possible to establish. In most technical cases, MSL is determined from shot period measurement 15 or 29 days. The limitation of that such short period data is in accommodating all factors with action MSL. In this study the monthly MSL is a cyclostationarity process like spring tides in Benoa, Bali is taken as the hypothesis. This study directed to model cyclostationarity process to build the model of monthly MSL and to find it’s variation. The modeling is accomplished using wave function two long period constituents (Sa and Ssa). Least square harmonic analysis by means of Fourier series is applied. It is found that the wave model from this study represent about 80% of monthly MSL behavior and the average of maximum deviation is 245 mm. Keywords: monthly MSL, cyclostationarity, wave function

scholarly journals Constraints on Seismic Anisotropy in the Mantle Transition Zone From Long‐Period SS Precursors

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 6779-6800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Huang ◽  
Nicholas Schmerr ◽  
Lauren Waszek ◽  
Caroline Beghein
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Seismic Anisotropy ◽  
Mantle Transition Zone ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ss Precursors
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