Grand Theory and Middle-Range Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Frederik Ponjaert
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
True State ◽  
Conditional Statements ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

This chapter differentiates between grand theory and middle-range theory. The study of social phenomena raises the twofold question about the internal and external validity of a hypothesis. A piece of research is internally valid when it describes the true state of affairs within its own setting. The extent to which its findings can be applied to other settings will determine its relative external validity. External validity is a product of the theoretical aspirations of the research. When grand in scope, theoretical aspirations reject the importance of specific variations and attempt to describe the true state of affairs in all settings. Conversely, a theory-building exercise with a mid-range scope is bound by a set of conditional statements. Whereas middle-range theory-building is rooted in generalizable empirical propositions, grand theory-building is based on internally consistent ontologies. On the one hand, grand theory favours highly abstract theorizing, which is fairly distinct from concrete empirical concerns. On the other hand, middle-range theories reflect more sociologically embedded theorizing, which strives to integrate theory and empirical variations over time and space.

Comparative Management Theory: Jungle, Zoo or Fossil Bed?

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gordon Redding
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Comparative Management ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory

Earlier reviews of the state of comparative management theory are considered and summarized and lead to the following conclusions: the literature suffers from an excess of simple empirical reportage; theoretical development is weak in the middle ground and at higher levels; there is a bias away from ethnographic work; perspectives tend to be narrow and partial. Some progress is visible as a result of the unifying work of Hofstede but its contribution also entails new avenues of enquiry about the determinants and consequences of culture. Some middle-range theory building is now occurring in specific fields such as expatriation, leadership, and HRM techniques, but it remains tentative. Dilemmas stemming from altern ative frameworks of meaning and complex causation pose severe epistemological challenges and require new approaches to comparison. The economics-based positivist paradigm is seriously inadequate for such challenges, but dangerously imperialist. A new, more theoretically sophisticated, approach is advocated and outlined as a route for progress.

scholarly journals BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Apollo Apollo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
General Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
Big Four

Abstrak: Standar auditing selama 12 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan pada sisi kuantitas maupun kualitas. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan terjadinya kompleksitas peran auditor sebagai pihak yang independen dalam menciptakan good corporate governance. Terdapat dua faktor utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya skandal auditing yakni : (a) implementasi standar umum, dan (b) implementasi standar pekerjaan lapangan. Adanya ragam perbedaan dan konflik kepentingan menyebabkan auditor mengalami ambiguinitas peran pada standar auditing. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh bukti empirik pengaruh solidaritas sosial, kompetensi auditor, profesionalisme auditor, dan reputasi perusahaan klien terhadap opini audit going concern. Untuk menguji fakta empirik tersebut diperlukan susunan logika dengan Background Theory: Teori Idealisme Klasik, Grand Theory : General Equilibrium Theory - IO Wassily Leontief (1906 - 1999) Standar Auditing (2011), Middle Range Theory : Posmodernisme Derrida (1930-2004),  Rorty (1931-2007), Sartre (1905-1980), dan Application Theory : Agency  Theory : Jensen & Meckling (1976); Francis and Smith (1994); Hammer (1992) Kamin & Ronen (1978); Fama (1980); Baiman(1982); Caose (1987); Zimmerman  (1980). Unit penelitian adalah 84 responden pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Big Four di Jakarta. Metode alat analisis menggunakan path analysis atau gabungan antara korelasi dan regresi untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial maupun simultan. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan uji validitas, reabilitas, dan transformasi data ordinal ke data interval menunjukan hasil: (a) solidaritas sosial, kompetensi auditor, profesionalisme auditor secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan dengan opini audit going concern, sedangkan reputasi perusahaan klien berpengaruh signifikan terhadap opini audit going concern, dan (b) solidaritas sosial, kompetensi auditor, profesionalisme auditor, reputasi perusahaan klien terhadap opini audit going concern secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sebesar nilai adjusted R square 0.626 atau sebesar 62.6% sedangkan sisanya 37.4% dipengaruhi variabel lain di luar model penelitian.   Hasil penelitian ini mempunyai konsistensi dengan seluruh kerangka pemikiran, tinjauan pustaka, dan penelitian terdahulu. Adapun saran untuk penelitian: (a) bagi pengembangan ilmu auditing diperlukan penelititan lanjutan di luar model seperti budaya, tanggung jawab etika auditor , (b) untuk kebijakan IAPI dan KAP perlu menyusun kejelasan maupun kriteria lebih konkrit pemberian opini audit going concern, pertimbangan solidaritas sosial, peningkatan kompetensi auditor, memperbaiki profesionalisme auditor, dan memperhatikan kemampuan reputasi perusahaan klien sebagai pihak auditee. Kata Kunci : Solidaritas Sosial, Kompetensi Auditor, Profesionalisme Auditor,  Reputasi Perusahaan Klien, Opini Audit Going concern, KAP Big Four

scholarly journals The Independence Judge Verdict in Tax Dispute Resolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sartono Sartono ◽  
Tumanggor Tumanggor ◽  
Sri Soemantri ◽  
Wiratni Ahmadi ◽  
Satya Arinanto
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory

<p align="justify">Tax tribunal as a specialized court exercising judicial powers to investigate and adjudicate tax disputes still using a system of dualism coaching, because until now there has been no revision or amendment of Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Tax tribunal. Independence and freedom of the Tax tribunal judge in deciding tax disputes must uphold justice, and not subject to and bound by any party. This research using theory of Justice based on the Pancasila. Grand Theory, theory of the State of Law as the Middle Range Theory and an Independent Judicial Power Theory. Applied Theory. This research was conducted using a normative juridical. Based on the research results show that the Tax tribunal judge in examining and deciding tax disputes has been carrying out its obligations which reflect the independence and the independence of judges and impartially and has fulfilled the principles of independent judicial power, in accordance with the provisions of Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution.</p>

Middle-Range Theory in Archaeology: A Critical Review of Origins and Applications

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Raab ◽  
Albert C. Goodyear
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Site Formation Processes ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory

The concept of middle-range theory, arising over three decades ago in sociology, is reviewed. The concept was proposed as an approach to theorizing, urging consolidation of high-order theories with low-order empirical studies. The critical elements in such hierarchies are theories of a middle-range of abstraction. However, most current conceptions of “middle-range theory” in archaeology are far more narrowly conceived. Derived primarily from Binford's work, they continue the New Archaeology's attempt to develop a materialist epistemology for archaeology. In this view, principles of site formation processes are nearly synonymous with “middle-range theory.” The dangers to theory-building of this approach are outlined. Examples of middle-range theory that expand our capacity for explanation of cultural behavior are presented.

scholarly journals Knowledge Management Methodology: Developing a Phenomenalogical Middle-range Thinking Approach for Knowledge Management Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

In light of the fact that KM research and practice embraces a wide range of activities and interest, complexity emerges when consideration is given to the actual conduct of research to be undertaken. Drawing from numerous literature, KM covers, on the one hand, technological interventions (objectivist perspective) that aim to support knowledge sharing, while on the other hand, it also covers the appreciation of social approaches (practice-based perspective) that emphasise the importance of people in sharing knowledge. Due to the fact that KM covers such a broad spectrum of area, it calls for greater scrutiny into the way that research is undertaken. The aim of this paper is to discuss the methodological issues within which the KM study should be undertaken. The paper considers the appropriateness of a particular methodology stance for the KM research while focusing on research processes. In particular, a phenomenological approach to middle-range theory is used to develop a comprehensive framework of KM as context of the study.  The rationale for using a phenomenological to middle-range theory is provided from the viewpoint that it requires researchers to focus on developing theory which produces explanations that are arguably a more realistic depiction of the hard/technical and soft/social nature of KM practices.

scholarly journals Middle Range Theory– Robert King Merton

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Science ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
Great Scope

Sociology is the science of society. Social scientists today live at a time when physical science has achieved comparatively great scope and precision of theory and experiment, a great aggregate of tools of investigation. Perhaps sociology is not yet ready for its Einstein because it has not yet found its Kepler-to say nothing of its Newton, Laplace, Max Well or Plank. Talcott Parsons is the most important structural–functional theorist. He gave the grand theory. A grand theory is a broad conceptual scheme with systems of interrelated propositions that provide a general frame of reference for the study of social processes and institutions. Merton criticized to this type of theory. He gave middle range theory. Middle range theory is principally used in sociology to guide empirical inquiry. Parsons advocated the creation of grand overarching theories; Merton favoured more limited, middle range theories.

Building Evidence for Public Human Resource Management: Using Middle Range Theory to Link Theory and Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Abner ◽  
Sun Young Kim ◽  
James L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Link Theory ◽  
Range Theory

Theory building within public administration has been slow and uneven, due in part to the field’s search for grand theories and its failure to systematize knowledge. Middle range theory may be a particularly useful theory-building strategy for public administration scholarship due to its emphasis on generating testable hypotheses, organizing knowledge about particular phenomena, and bridging gaps between empirical facts and theory. Its utility for the development of public human resource management theory is illustrated based on examples from performance-related pay and representative bureaucracy research. We present a series of theoretical statements about performance-related pay and representative bureaucracy, and we identify the extent to which these statements are supported by empirical evidence. The examples both illustrate the utility of the theory-building strategy and identify theoretical statements that are widely confirmed and others that need additional testing.

Nursing in a Complex World

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Florczak ◽  
Michele Poradzisz ◽  
Susan Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Middle Range Theory ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Neuman Systems Model ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Range Theory ◽  
Neuman Systems

The authors of this column put forth a call for more grand theory to be used as the basis of nursing research. To that end, complexity theory and the Neuman systems model are reviewed followed by a discussion of the links that occur between them. Then evidence of the increased use of middle-range theory as the foundation of current nursing research is put forth. Finally, there is a discussion about the authors’ conclusion that the complexity of the phenomena of interest for nursing research requires theories to be used as underpinnings that are more abstract and less reductionistic.

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