The South American Handbook 1943: A Year Book and Guide to the Countries and Resources of Latin America, inclusive of South and Central America, Mexico and Cuba

1943 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DO CAPITAL E AÇÕES DOS ESTADOS NACIONAIS NA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202101
Author(s):  
Thais Virga ◽  
Humberto Miranda do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Actor ◽  
America Latina

CAPITAL EXPANSION AND ACTIONS BY NATIONAL STATES IN THE GRAND AMAZONIA (2000-2019): impacts and impassesEXPANSIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ACCIONES DE LOS ESTADOS NACIONALES EN LA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impassesRESUMOA emergência da China como ator econômico global no limiar do século XXI impactou diretamente na consolidação e ampliação de novos e velhos centros de extração e produção agromineral em grande parte da América Latina. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, discutir sobre relevantes impactos dos investimentos chineses na Gran Amazonía no período 2000-2019 e mostrar como os Estados nacionais sul-americanos contribuíram para incrementar as frentes de expansão neste imenso espaço subcontinental. Como metodologia, apresenta-se o levantamento mais recente sobre as principais frentes de expansão do capital nos países da Gran Amazonía, com base em dados de pesquisa de campo, consultas a instituições governamentais, não governamentais, empresariais e outras organizações civis, além de bibliografia atualizada. Conclui-se que a expansão do capital chinês sobre toda a Gran Amazonía foi produto de uma relação consensual com os Estados Nacionais, gerando oportunidades econômicas, porém, com importantes implicações socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Expansão do Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Ação dos Países Sul-americanos.ABSTRACTThe emergence of China as a global economic actor on the threshold of the 21st century had a direct impact on the consolidation and expansion of new and old centers of extraction and agromineral production in much of Latin America. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevant impacts of Chinese investments in Gran Amazonía in the period 2000-2019 and to show how the South American national states contributed to the expansion fronts in this immense subcontinental space. As a methodology, the most recent survey on the main fronts of capital expansion in the countries of Gran Amazonía is presented, based on data from field research, consultations with governmental, non-governmental, business and other civil organizations, in addition to updated bibliography. It is concluded that the expansion of Chinese capital over the whole of Gran Amazonía was the product of a consensual relationship with the National States, generating economic opportunities, however, with important socio-environmental implications.Keywords: Capital Expansion (China); Gran Amazonía; Action by South American Countries.RESUMENEl surgimiento de China como actor económico global en el umbral del siglo XXI tuvo un impacto directo en la consolidación y expansión de nuevos y viejos centros de extracción y producción agromineral en gran parte de América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los impactos relevantes de las inversiones chinas en la Gran Amazonía en el período 2000-2019 y mostrar cómo los estados nacionales sudamericanos contribuyeron a los frentes de expansión en este inmenso espacio subcontinental. Como metodología se presenta la encuesta más reciente sobre los principales frentes de expansión de capital en los países de la Gran Amazonía, con base en datos de investigaciones de campo, consultas con organizaciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, empresariales y otras organizaciones civiles, además de bibliografía actualizada. Se concluye que la expansión del capital chino por toda la Gran Amazonía fue producto de una relación consensuada con los Estados Nacionales, generando oportunidades económicas, sin embargo, con importantes implicaciones socioambientales.Palabras clave: Expansión de Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Acción de Países Sudamericanos.

scholarly journals The post-neoliberal South American development

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Process

This study addressed the triangular relations between Latin America, Beijing and Washington in the last 15 years using a process tracing technique on the economic and political models of the region. It specifically focused on the South American development during the post-Washington Consensus era, as well as the expanding influence of China over this region. The aim of this paper was to transmit the idea that the failure of neoliberalism in the 90s together with the expansionism of China have shaped the contemporary political and economic arena among the countries of South America. This work could help to understand the historical process of the construction of develop paradigms on the region and its impact on the society.

scholarly journals Editorial

Collectivus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Adriano Díez Jiménez ◽  
Adriana Consuegra Ascanio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Panoramic Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Different Parts

Este nuevo número de la revista Collectivus, presenta una gran diversidad en los temas abordados en cada uno de los artículos trabajados por autores desde distintas partes del Cono Sur, de modo que, el volumen 4, número 2 ofrece una visión panorámica en la comprensión de los contextos y fenómenos sociales que confluyen en el escenario sudamericano, acompañada de un ejercicio reflexivo profundo y pertinente acerca de la realidad social en América Latina. AbstractThis new issue of the magazine Collectivus, presents a great diversity in the topics addressed in each of the articles worked by authors from different parts of the Southern Cone, so that, volume 4, number 2 offers a panoramic vision in the understanding of the contexts and social phenomena that converge in the South American scenario, accompanied by a deep and pertinent reflective exercise about the social reality in Latin America. 

First record and a new species of Megarthrus Curtis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Proteininae) from the Colombian Central Andes

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2916 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
MARGARITA M. LÓPEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
DIANA M. Méndez-Rojas ◽  
JOSÉ LUÍS NAVARRETE-HEREDIA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
A New Species

The genus Megarthrus Curtis 1829 with about 139 species described around the world, is the largest of the subfamily Proteininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) (Cuccodoro 2011). Megarthrus is distributed worldwide (Cuccodoro 1999) but it is apparently more diverse in the Holartic region (Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002). However, the South American fauna is underestimated because many of the collected specimens are not yet described (Cuccodoro 2011). Newton et al. (2005) cited the genus as probable in Colombia because some species are known from Central America and northern South America, but until now, no species has been published from Colombia. Therefore, M. andinus sp. nov. represents the first record of the genus and subfamily for this country.

scholarly journals Positive ionospheric storm effects at Latin America longitude during the superstorm of 20–22 November 2003: revisit

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zhao ◽  
W. Wan ◽  
J. Lei ◽  
Y. Wei ◽  
Y. Sahai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Topside Ionosphere ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
South American ◽  
Ionospheric Storm ◽  
The South ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Storm Effects ◽  
Low Latitudes

Abstract. Positive ionospheric storm effects that occurred during the superstorm on 20 November 2003 are investigated using a combination of ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) total electron content (TEC), and the meridian chain of ionosondes distributed along the Latin America longitude of ~280° E. Both the ground-based GPS TEC and ionosonde electron density profile data reveal significant enhancements at mid-low latitudes over the 280° E region during the main phase of the November 2003 superstorm. The maximum enhancement of the topside ionospheric electron content is 3.2–7.7 times of the bottomside ionosphere at the locations of the ionosondes distributed around the mid- and low latitudes. Moreover, the height of maximum electron density exceeds 400 km and increases by 100 km compared with the quiet day over the South American area from middle to low latitudes, which might have resulted from a continuous eastward penetration electric field and storm-generated equatorward winds. Our results do not support the conclusions of Yizengaw et al. (2006), who suggested that the observed positive storm over the South American sector was mainly the consequence of the changes of the bottomside ionosphere. The so-called "unusual" responses of the topside ionosphere for the November 2003 storm in Yizengaw et al. (2006) are likely associated with the erroneous usage of magnetometer and incomplete data.

The Great American Biotic Interchange in frogs: Multiple and early colonization of Central America by the South American genus Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelsy Rocío Pinto-Sánchez ◽  
Roberto Ibáñez ◽  
Santiago Madriñán ◽  
Oris I. Sanjur ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Great American Biotic Interchange

A Mission of the ICRC in Latin America

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
South American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Continent

A delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Mr. Pierre Jequier, accomplished a mission between May and July 1963 on the South American continent. He visited six countries where he made many useful contacts and intervened on behalf of the victims of internal disturbances. These countries were Argentine, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela.

scholarly journals Ameryka Łacińska w polityce zagranicznej Brazylii – niedokończony projekt przywództwa regionalnego

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (55) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
Anita Oberda Monkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Regional Leadership

The purpose of the article is to discuss the place and role of Latin America in Brazil’s foreign policy. The article leads to the conclusion that, starting from the 1990s, Latin America, a region that was marginalized for many years, gained an important place in Brazilian policy. The construction of the South American community has become an instrument of strengthening regional leadership, although due to the lack of a coherent strategy towards the direct neighbourhood, it proved to be short-lived.

scholarly journals The American monsoon system in HadGEM3 and UKESM1

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-371
Author(s):  
Jorge L. García-Franco ◽  
Lesley J. Gray ◽  
Scott Osprey
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monsoon System

Abstract. The simulated climate of the American monsoon system (AMS) in the UK models HadGEM3 GC3.1 (GC3) and the Earth system model UKESM1 is assessed and compared to observations and reanalysis. We evaluate the pre-industrial control, AMIP and historical experiments of UKESM1 and two configurations of GC3: a low (1.875∘×1.25∘) and a medium (0.83∘×0.56∘) resolution. The simulations show a good representation of the seasonal cycle of temperature in monsoon regions, although the historical experiments overestimate the observed summer temperature in the Amazon, Mexico and Central America by more than 1.5 K. The seasonal cycle of rainfall and general characteristics of the North American monsoon of all the simulations agree well with observations and reanalysis, showing a notable improvement from previous versions of the HadGEM model. The models reasonably simulate the bimodal regime of precipitation in southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean known as the midsummer drought, although with a stronger-than-observed difference between the two peaks of precipitation and the dry period. Austral summer biases in the modelled Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), cloud cover and regional temperature patterns are significant and influence the simulated regional rainfall in the South American monsoon. These biases lead to an overestimation of precipitation in southeastern Brazil and an underestimation of precipitation in the Amazon. The precipitation biases over the Amazon and southeastern Brazil are greatly reduced in the AMIP simulations, highlighting that the Atlantic sea surface temperatures are key for representing precipitation in the South American monsoon. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections, of precipitation and temperature, to the AMS are reasonably simulated by all the experiments. The precipitation responses to the positive and negative phase of ENSO in subtropical America are linear in both pre-industrial and historical experiments. Overall, the biases in UKESM1 and the low-resolution configuration of GC3 are very similar for precipitation, ITCZ and Walker circulation; i.e. the inclusion of Earth system processes appears to make no significant difference for the representation of the AMS rainfall. In contrast, the medium-resolution HadGEM3 N216 simulation outperforms the low-resolution simulations due to improved SSTs and circulation.

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