scholarly journals Efficacy of selective devices in reducing discards in the Nephrops trawl fishery in the Bay of Biscay

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Nikolic ◽  
Joël Diméet ◽  
Spyros Fifas ◽  
Michèle Salaün ◽  
David Ravard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Flexible Grid

Abstract The Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay is an important commercial fishery which generates large amounts of discards owing to the use of small mesh trawls. To reduce discards, French trawlers were equipped with a variety of selective devices, from 2005 onwards. This study examines their efficacy using data from the French on-board observer programme, 2003–2010. Generalized linear models were built for catches, discards, and landings of Nephrops and hake, controlling for the other factors which drive the variability in these variables. A dorsal square-mesh panel meant to let small hake escape did not affect hake catch, but was found to decrease Nephrops catches and discards. Among the devices intended to reduce Nephrops discards, the flexible grid was the most efficient, as it decreased catches and discards in large proportions while increasing landings but this result was supported by a small number of observations; a larger mesh size in the codend (80 mm instead of 70) slightly decreased Nephrops discards; and a ventral square-mesh panel was not found to affect catch or discards of either species. The design of the on-board observer programme was meant to estimate discard amounts, which limited their utilization to investigate factors for discarding.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals Assessing natural mortality of Bay of Biscay anchovy from survey population and biomass estimates

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Uriarte ◽  
Leire Ibaibarriaga ◽  
Lionel Pawlowski ◽  
Jacques Massé ◽  
Pierre Petitgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Firm Evidence

The closure of the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) fishery in the Bay of Biscay between 2005 and 2010 because of low biomass levels provided an opportunity to estimate natural mortality using data from egg (daily egg production method, DEPM) and acoustic surveys implemented for the assessment of this population since 1987. Assuming that natural mortality (M) is constant over time and that catchability in both surveys is equal for all ages, M could be estimated using log-linear models on the series of surveys of population numbers at age and seasonal integrated stock assessments. The analysis suggests M values of around 0.9 for a common natural mortality at all ages. However, we found firm evidence that natural mortality at ages 2 and older (M2+) is markedly higher than at age 1 (M1), which indicates senescent mortality, a possibility suggested a long time ago for this type of short-lived species.

scholarly journals A LPUE (LANDING PER UNIT EFFORT) ANALYSIS OF THE TRAWL FISHERY FOR THE COASTAL SHRIMPS Artemesia longinaris AND Pleoticus muelleri OFF SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassiana Baptista Metri ◽  
José Angel Alvarez Perez
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stock Abundance

The Argentine stiletto shrimp (Artemesia longinaris) and the Argentine red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) currently sustain an important fishery in terms of tonnage and revenues in southern Brazil. This study analyzed the factors affecting the abundance of both species through the application of Generalized Linear Models to landing-per-unit-of-effort (LPUE) data of the trawl fleet operating on the main fishing grounds between 1998 and 2005. The main patterns of LPUE variability of both species were attributed do the effect of seasons and annual cycles. Larger yields were obtained in the southern shallow areas of Rio Grande do Sul State. No tendency either to an increase or a decline in stock abundance was observed, but the effort in one year was affected by the success of the captures of the previous year. In the last two years analyzed the abundance and the total captures declined.

Are adult-based personality predictions improved by temperament measures from childhood?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Jo Wright ◽  
Joshua James Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Two Sides

Debate has long since surrounded whether temperament and personality traits are completely distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. One way to test this is to examine the joint and unique predictive validity of each set of traits in the same individuals across time. Using a sample of N = 7,081 individuals with ages ranging from infancy to 37 years old, we ran a series of Bayesian generalized linear models with measures of childhood temperament and adult-based personality to predict outcomes in several life domains. Results indicated that while each set of traits were often related to the same outcomes, there were instances in which both temperament and personality traits were the better set of predictors over the other. Temperament often best predicted outcomes in the cognition, education, and occupation domains whereas personality traits typically performed best in relationship and family domains. We discuss possible reasons for and the implications of the discrepancies in the outcomes predicted by each set of individual differences.

scholarly journals Comparing methods to estimate the proportion of turbine-induced bird and bat mortality in the search area under a road and pad search protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-801
Author(s):  
Joseph Duggan Maurer ◽  
Manuela Huso ◽  
Daniel Dalthorp ◽  
Lisa Madsen ◽  
Claudio Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Weighted Distribution ◽  
Detection Process ◽  
Mortality Estimation ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Non Parametric

AbstractEstimating bird and bat mortality at wind facilities typically involves searching for carcasses on the ground near turbines. Some fraction of carcasses inevitably lie outside the search plots, and accurate mortality estimation requires accounting for those carcasses using models to extrapolate from searched to unsearched areas. Such models should account for variation in carcass density with distance, and ideally also for variation with direction (anisotropy). We compare five methods of accounting for carcasses that land outside the searched area (ratio, weighted distribution, non-parametric, and two generalized linear models (glm)) by simulating spatial arrival patterns and the detection process to mimic observations which result from surveying only, or primarily, roads and pads (R&P) and applying the five methods. Simulations vary R&P configurations, spatial carcass distributions (isotropic and anisotropic), and per turbine fatality rates. Our results suggest that the ratio method is less accurate with higher variation relative to the other four methods which all perform similarly under isotropy. All methods were biased under anisotropy; however, including direction covariates in the glm method substantially reduced bias. In addition to comparing methods of accounting for unsearched areas, we suggest a semiparametric bootstrap to produce confidence-based bounds for the proportion of carcasses that land in the searched area.

Reproductive cycle of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, off southern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Kumar ◽  
Yongshun Xiao ◽  
Sonja Venema ◽  
Graham Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Management Measures

The proportion of berried (externally egg-bearing) females, fecundity, gonadosomatic index, and egg size of the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus off southern Australia were examined by analysing data from samples of commercial catches using generalized linear models. Ovarian development was studied morphologically and histologically. Female blue swimmer crabs spawn from October to January and can spawn more than once per season. The fecundity of female blue swimmer crabs initially increased with carapace width, maximized at a carapace width of 134 mm, and decreased thereafter. Thus, fecundity increased 83.9% with an increase of carapace width from 105 to 125 mm, implying a single large female can produce as many eggs as two or more small females. The gonadosomatic index of female crabs from Spencer Gulf increased 2.4% from October 1998 to November 1998, increased an additional 15.9% by December 1998, and then decreased 62.3% to its minimum in January 1999. Gonadosomatic index also increased with 1/3 power of their body weight. Thus, the commonly used gonadosomatic index is overly simplistic for blue swimmer crabs. Unlike tropical or subtropical female blue swimmer crabs which often continually spawn, those off southern Australia spawn only in certain times of the year. The implications of this work lead to suggestions for three management measures for the commercial fishery: maintaining the prohibition of catching berried females, extending the seasonal closure from October to January, and maintaining the current legal minimum carapace width of 110 mm.

Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

Economic burden of readmission due to postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in Chinese patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115
Author(s):  
Shuqing Wu ◽  
Xin Cui ◽  
Shaoyu Zhang ◽  
Wenqi Tian ◽  
Jiazhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospitalization Cost

Aim: This real-world data study investigated the economic burden and associated factors of readmissions for cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) post-cranial, transsphenoidal, or spinal index surgeries. Methods: Costs of CSFL readmissions and index hospitalizations during 2014–2018 were collected. Readmission cost was measured as absolute cost and as percentage of index hospitalization cost. Factors associated with readmission cost were explored using generalized linear models. Results: Readmission cost averaged US$2407–6106, 35–94% of index hospitalization cost. Pharmacy costs were the leading contributor. Generalized linear models showed transsphenoidal index surgery and surgical treatment for CSFL were associated with higher readmission costs. Conclusion: CSFL readmissions are a significant economic burden in China. Factors associated with higher readmission cost should be monitored.

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