Evaluation of a New Course to Teach the Principles and Clinical Applications of Epidemiology to Medical Students

Abstract Background In the last few decades, the need to change the curriculum of basic medical science has been further emphasized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of teaching integrated course of physical examination and radiological anatomy in practical limb anatomy on medical students’ learning outcomes. Methods This was an experimental study. Medical students (of the 4th semester of medical education) were divided into intervention and control groups. Related topics of physical examination and radiological anatomy were added to the practical limb anatomy courses of the intervention group. Practical knowledge of anatomy, clinical applications of anatomical knowledge, students ‘satisfaction, and students’ attitude toward the anatomy course were assessed at the end of the study. Knowledge retention was assessed three months after the semester. Results The intervention group scored significantly higher mean scores in practical knowledge of anatomy test, clinical applications of anatomical knowledge test and knowledge retention test (P-value < 0.05). In evaluating students’ satisfaction with the course, the intervention group was satisfied with the course and teacher performance and had appropriate attitude (Mean˃4, Max score = 5) towards the application of anatomy in medicine. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that teaching practical anatomy with a clinical integrated approach can improve the practical knowledge of anatomy, knowledge retention, and clinical applications of anatomical knowledge. In addition, an integrated approach was associated with greater student satisfaction and it makes students have appropriate attitude towards the application of anatomy in medicine.

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The effectiveness of the metabolic map in promoting meaningful learning

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine ◽

10.1515/jom-2021-0173 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Zeynep Gromley ◽

Chinelo Agwuncha ◽

Vinayak K. Nahar ◽

Adam Gromley

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Meaningful Learning ◽

Study Strategies ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

First Year ◽

Human Metabolism ◽

Survey Questions ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Health And Disease

Abstract Context Many medical students and practicing physicians view biochemistry, especially its metabolic pathways, as a challenging topic given the depth of material. Medical biochemistry educators aim to help prepare future physicians to apply knowledge of metabolism to disease processes. Research confirms that study tools promote critical thinking and help to connect biochemistry concepts to health and disease processes. Objectives To explore whether the Pathways of Human Metabolism Map as a study tool helps to connect basic metabolic pathways to clinical applications. Methods We provided the Pathways of Human Metabolism Map to our first-year osteopathic medical students and conducted a survey to assess their perceptions. Our survey questions aimed to explore the effectiveness of utilizing the metabolic map for connecting the basic metabolic pathways to clinical applications on their studies. Students were surveyed at the end of the course utilizing a Qualtrics survey encompassing Likert scale questions as well as open-ended responses. Results The results of our comprehensive survey questions revealed the unique perceptions of students. Analysis of our data implicates that study tools like the metabolic map inspire meaningful learning. Conclusions Our data show that students who utilized the metabolic map in their studies reported that utilizing the map improved their understanding of medical biochemistry. Our research results suggest that providing study aids like the metabolic map encourages students to minimize rote memorization and promotes integration with clinical context. Our results provide a support for study strategies that implement meaningful learning in medical education.

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Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135241 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

J.D. Shelburne ◽

G.M. Roomans

Keyword(s):

Carbon Coating ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Point Of View ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Sweat Test ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Tissue Preparation ◽

X Ray ◽

Gallbladder Stones ◽

Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

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Reduction of Potassium in Kidney Proximal Tubules to Aid in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis of Calcium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119193 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 474-475

Author(s):

A. LeFurgey ◽

P. Ingram ◽

L.J. Mandel

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Proximal Tubule ◽

Electron Probe ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Proximal Tubules ◽

Rabbit Kidney ◽

Target Cells ◽

X Ray ◽

Freeze Dried

For quantitative determination of subcellular Ca distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, decreasing (and/or eliminating) the K content of the cell maximizes the ability to accurately separate the overlapping K Kß and Ca Kα peaks in the x-ray spectra. For example, rubidium has been effectively substituted for potassium in smooth muscle cells, thus giving an improvement in calcium measurements. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside widely used in experimental and clinical applications, inhibits Na-K ATPase at the cell membrane and thus alters the cytoplasmic ion (Na,K) content of target cells. In epithelial cells primarily involved in active transport, such as the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney, ouabain rapidly (t1/2= 2 mins) causes a decrease2 in intracellular K, but does not change intracellular total or free Ca for up to 30 mins. In the present study we have taken advantage of this effect of ouabain to determine the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca content in freeze-dried cryosections of kidney proximal tubule by electron probe x-ray microanalysis.

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Simple teaching aid with clinical applications

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1976.40.2.tb00939.x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 106-106

Author(s):

DL Torney ◽

HD Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Clinical Applications ◽

Teaching Aid

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Lexical Comprehension in Young Children With Developmental Delays

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/1058-0360.0301.79 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theresa A. Kouri

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Developmental Delays ◽

Normal Development ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Group Status ◽

Novel Object ◽

Related Information ◽

Comprehension Skills ◽

Lexical Items ◽

Lexical Concepts

Lexical comprehension skills were examined in 20 young children (aged 28–45 months) with developmental delays (DD) and 20 children (aged 19–34 months) with normal development (ND). Each was assigned to either a story-like script condition or a simple ostensive labeling condition in which the names of three novel object and action items were presented over two experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions, receptive knowledge of the lexical items was assessed through a series of target and generalization probes. Results indicated that all children, irrespective of group status, acquired more lexical concepts in the ostensive labeling condition than in the story narrative condition. Overall, both groups acquired more object than action words, although subjects with ND comprehended more action words than subjects with DD. More target than generalization items were also comprehended by both groups. It is concluded that young children’s comprehension of new lexical concepts is facilitated more by a context in which simple ostensive labels accompany the presentation of specific objects and actions than one in which objects and actions are surrounded by thematic and event-related information. Various clinical applications focusing on the lexical training of young children with DD are discussed.

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