scholarly journals J774 Murine Macrophage-like Cell Interactions with Cryptococcus neoformans in the Presence and Absence of Opsonins

1996 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
M. Feldmesser ◽  
A. Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Murine Macrophage ◽  
Presence And Absence

scholarly journals Cryptococcus neoformans – New Science for Discovering Melanin Modifiers

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. Soundharya ◽  
V. Aruna ◽  
G. V. Amruthavalli ◽  
R. Gayathri
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
New Science ◽  
Biological Tool ◽  
Minimal Media ◽  
Presence And Absence

Aim: The present study was taken up to establish the effect of niacinamide on phenoloxidase lead melanogenesis and to prove the reliability of C. neoformans based screening methodology. Methods: The organism was grown in the Minimal media in presence and absence of L- DOPA and Niacinamide and checked for its pigment producing ability at different time intervals. Results: Niacinamide did not affect the pigmentation in Cryptococcus neoformans in the absence or presence of L-Dopa. Conclusion: Cryptococcus neoformans as a biological tool for studying the mechanism of action of various melanin promoters/ inhibitors. The present study highlights the importance and usefulness of Cryptococcus neoformans based screening invention as it is cost effective rapid and ‘living cell model’.

scholarly journals Sterol composition of Cryptococcus neoformans in the presence and absence of fluconazole.

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Ghannoum ◽  
B J Spellberg ◽  
A S Ibrahim ◽  
J A Ritchie ◽  
B Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Presence And Absence

The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2399-2418
Author(s):  
Yoshito Yamashiro ◽  
Hiromi Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Matrix Cell

Abstract Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix–cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell–cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)—both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix–cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.

Effects of Noise and Increased Vocal Intensity on Stuttering

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon F. Garber ◽  
Richard R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Presence And Absence

The present study was designed to assess the effects of increased vocal level on stuttering in the presence and absence of noise, and to assess the effects of noise on stuttering with and without a concomitant increase in vocal level. Accordingly, eight adult stutterers spoke in quiet with normal vocal level, in quiet with increased vocal level, in noise with normal level, and in noise with increased level. All subjects reduced stuttering in noise compared with quiet conditions. However, there was no difference in stuttering when subjects spoke with normal compared with increased vocal level. In the present study, reductions in stuttering under noise could not be explained by increases in vocal level. It appears, instead, that reductions in stuttering were related to a decrease in auditory feedback. The condition which resulted in the largest decrease in auditory feedback, speaking in noise with a normal level, also resulted in the largest decrease in stuttering.

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