scholarly journals Post-antifungal effect of amphotericin B and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus analysed by an automated method based on fungal CO2 production: dependence on exposure time and drug concentration

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Chryssanthou ◽  
Jan Sjölin
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Automated Method

scholarly journals New Automated Method for Determining Postantifungal Effect of Amphotericin B against Candida Species: Effects of Concentration, Exposure Time, and Area under the Curve

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 4016-4018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Chryssanthou ◽  
Otto Cars ◽  
Jan Sjölin
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Species Effects ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Postantifungal Effect

ABSTRACT The postantifungal effect (PAFE) of amphotericin B was determined with a BacT/Alert automated system, which is based on the colorimetric detection of CO2. The levels of accuracy and precision of the automated method were high. Longer PAFEs were obtained for Candida albicans (P < 0.001), C. glabrata (P < 0.01), and C. krusei (P < 0.01) at increasing amphotericin B concentrations and exposure times.

scholarly journals Dectin-2-Targeted Antifungal Liposomes Exhibit Enhanced Efficacy

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Ambati ◽  
Emma C. Ellis ◽  
Jianfeng Lin ◽  
Xiaorong Lin ◽  
Zachary A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Life Threatening

ABSTRACT Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus cause life-threatening candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis, resulting in several hundred thousand deaths annually. The patients at the greatest risk of developing these life-threatening invasive fungal infections have weakened immune systems. The vulnerable population is increasing due to rising numbers of immunocompromised individuals as a result of HIV infection or immunosuppressed individuals receiving anticancer therapies and/or stem cell or organ transplants. While patients are treated with antifungals such as amphotericin B, all antifungals have serious limitations due to lack of sufficient fungicidal effect and/or host toxicity. Even with treatment, 1-year survival rates are low. We explored methods of increasing drug effectiveness by designing fungicide-loaded liposomes specifically targeted to fungal cells. Most pathogenic fungi are encased in cell walls and exopolysaccharide matrices rich in mannans. Dectin-2 is a mammalian innate immune membrane receptor that binds as a dimer to mannans and signals fungal infection. We coated amphotericin-loaded liposomes with monomers of Dectin-2’s mannan-binding domain, sDectin-2. sDectin monomers were free to float in the lipid membrane and form dimers that bind mannan substrates. sDectin-2-coated liposomes bound orders of magnitude more efficiently to the extracellular matrices of several developmental stages of C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus than untargeted control liposomes. Dectin-2-coated amphotericin B-loaded liposomes reduced the growth and viability of all three species more than an order of magnitude more efficiently than untargeted control liposomes and dramatically decreased the effective dose. Future efforts focus on examining pan-antifungal targeted liposomal drugs in animal models of fungal diseases. IMPORTANCE Invasive fungal diseases caused by Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus have mortality rates ranging from 10 to 95%. Individual patient costs may exceed $100,000 in the United States. All antifungals in current use have serious limitations due to host toxicity and/or insufficient fungal cell killing that results in recurrent infections. Few new antifungal drugs have been introduced in the last 2 decades. Hence, there is a critical need for improved antifungal therapeutics. By targeting antifungal-loaded liposomes to α-mannans in the extracellular matrices secreted by these fungi, we dramatically reduced the effective dose of drug. Dectin-2-coated liposomes loaded with amphotericin B bound 50- to 150-fold more strongly to C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus than untargeted liposomes and killed these fungi more than an order of magnitude more efficiently. Targeting drug-loaded liposomes specifically to fungal cells has the potential to greatly enhance the efficacy of most antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals Potentiation of antifungal effect of amphotericin B by squalene, an intermediate for sterol biosynthesis.

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKINORI MASUDA ◽  
SHIN-ICHI AKIYAMA ◽  
MICHIHIKO KUWANO ◽  
NOBUO IKEKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Sterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Antifungal Effect

scholarly journals Black and white teas as potential agents to combine with amphotericin B and protect red blood cells from amphotericin B-mediated toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Oliveira ◽  
N. M. Khalil ◽  
E. Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Fungicidal Substance

Abstract Amphotericin B is a fungicidal substance that is treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections affecting immunocompromised patients. However, severe side effects have limited the utility of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the combination of amphotericin B with black tea or white tea and protective of citotoxic effect. The present study shows that white and black teas have additive effects with amphotericin B against some species Candida. In addition, the combination of white and black tea with amphotericin B may reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B to red blood cells. Our results suggest that white and black tea is a potential agent to combine with amphotericin for antifungal efficacy and to reduce the amphotericin dose to lessen side effects.

Aspergillus terreus Species Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Lass-Flörl ◽  
Anna-Maria Dietl ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis ◽  
Matthias Brock
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Risk Patients

Infections due to Aspergillus species are an acute threat to human health; members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section Terrei or section Flavi are the second or third most important. Aspergillus terreus species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to Aspergillus fumigatus . The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of A. terreus as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected.

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