A type 2 A/C2 plasmid carrying the aacC4 apramycin resistance gene and the erm(42) erythromycin resistance gene recovered from two Salmonella enterica serovars

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is one of the most common causes of food-borne disease in the United States. Increasing antimicrobial resistance and corresponding increases in virulence present serious challenges. Currently, empirical therapy for invasiveSalmonella entericainfection includes either ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (E. L. Hohmann, Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:263–269, 2001). TheblaCMY-2gene confers resistance to ceftriaxone, the antimicrobial of choice for pediatric patients with invasiveSalmonella entericainfections, making these infections especially dangerous (J. M. Whichard et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:1464–1466, 2005). We hypothesized thatblaCMY-2-positiveSalmonella entericawould exhibit increased MICs to multiple antimicrobial agents and increased resistance gene expression following exposure to ceftriaxone using a protocol that simulated a patient treatmentin vitro. SevenSalmonella entericastrains survived a simulated patient treatmentin vitroand, following treatment, exhibited a significantly increased ceftriaxone MIC. Not only would these isolates be less responsive to further ceftriaxone treatment, but because theblaCMY-2genes are commonly located on large, multidrug-resistant plasmids, increased expression of theblaCMY-2gene may be associated with increased expression of other drug resistance genes located on the plasmid (N. D. Hanson and C. C. Sanders, Curr. Pharm. Des. 5:881–894, 1999). The results of this study demonstrate that a simulated patient treatment with ceftriaxone can alter the expression of antimicrobial resistance genes, includingblaCMY-2andfloRinS. entericaserovar Typhimurium andS. entericaserovar Newport. Additionally, we have shown increased MICs following a simulated patient treatment with ceftriaxone for tetracycline, amikacin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, all of which have resistance genes commonly located on CMY-2 plasmids. The increases in resistance observed are significant and may have a negative impact on both public health and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonella enterica.

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An erythromycin-resistance gene from an erythromycin-producing strain of Arthrobacter sp

Gene ◽

10.1016/0378-1119(85)90004-6 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 259-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Anne N. Roberts ◽

Graham S. Hudson ◽

Sydney Brenner

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Erythromycin Resistance

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The Erythromycin Resistance Gene of the Corynebacterium xerosis R-plasmid pTP10 Also Carrying Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin, and Tetracycline Resistances Is Capable of Transposition in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Plasmid ◽

10.1006/plas.1995.1018 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 168-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Andreas Tauch ◽

Friedrich Kassing ◽

Jörn Kalinowski ◽

Alfred Pühler

Keyword(s):

Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Erythromycin Resistance

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Porcine circovirus type 2 potentiates morbidity of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis in Cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 154 (1-2) ◽

pp. 104-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Takada-Iwao ◽

M. Nakanishi ◽

J. Souma ◽

S. Chikata ◽

Y. Okuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Porcine Circovirus

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GENETICS OF LEAF RUST REACTION IN THREE INTRODUCTIONS OF COMMON WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g77-077 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 711-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

P. L. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Infection Type ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Puccinia Recondita ◽

Seedling Resistance

The genetics of seedling resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) was investigated in what (Triticum aestivum L.) introductions PI 268454, PI 58548 and PI 268316, originally collected in Afghanistan, China and Iran, respectively. PI 268454 was heterogeneous for resistance. A selection (PI 268454a) has a gene that confers a 1+ reaction while a second selection (PI 268454b) probably has resistance gene Lr2b. PI 58548 has two genes for resistance, one giving a 1+ reaction and the second a 2+. These two genes interact to produce a; 1 reaction. PI 268316 has three interacting genes, one giving a 1+ reaction, the second a 2+ and a third resistance gene similar to LrB. The gene giving the 1+ reaction was common to all three introductions. PI 58548 and PI 268316 carry different genes for infection type 2+. Backcross lines of the single genes were produced. Implications to breeding for disease resistance of genes interacting to produce different phenotype are discussed.

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Characterization of class 1 integron resistance gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica serovars Oslo and Bareily from imported seafood

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkl416 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 1308-1310 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. A. Khan ◽

C.-M. Cheng ◽

K. T. Van ◽

C. S. West ◽

M. S. Nawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Gene Cassettes ◽

Class 1

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Transfer of Plasmid-Mediated CTX-M-9 from Salmonella enterica Serotype Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae in Human Flora-Associated Rats Treated with Cefixime

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00310-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 164-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. Faure ◽

A. Perrin-Guyomard ◽

J. M. Delmas ◽

P. Chatre ◽

M. Laurentie

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Transfer Rate ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Animal Origin ◽

E Coli ◽

Animal Strain ◽

Human Flora ◽

Therapeutic Doses

ABSTRACT Food animals are a potential source of CTX-M resistance genes for humans. We evaluated the transfer of the bla CTX-M-9 gene from an animal strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow to Enterobacteriaceae of the human intestinal flora by using human flora-associated (HFA) rats with and without cefixime treatment. In the absence of antibiotic, no transconjugant enterobacteria were found in the feces of HFA rats. However, the transfer rate was high if Escherichia coli J5 recipient strains were coinoculated orally with Salmonella. S. enterica serotype Virchow persisted in the rat fecal flora both during and after treatment with therapeutic doses of cefixime. The drug did not increase the transfer rate, and E. coli J5 transconjugants were eliminated from the flora before the end of cefixime treatment. No cefixime was recovered in the rat feces. In the presence of recipient strains, the bla CTX-M-9 resistance gene was transferred from a strain of animal origin to the human intestinal flora, although transconjugant colonization was transient. Antibiotic use enhanced the persistence of donor strains, increasing the resistance gene pool and the risk of its spread.

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