scholarly journals The role of economics and the type of legal standards in antitrust enforcement by DGCOMP: an empirical investigation

Author(s):  
Y Katsoulacos ◽  
G Makri
Author(s):  
Y Katsoulacos ◽  
G Makri

Abstract We empirically investigate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the role of economics in antitrust enforcement by EC’s Competition Authority (DGCOMP), by constructing and measuring indicators capturing the extent and type of economics used in reaching infringement decisions between 1992 and 2016. This allows us to identify the legal standards (LSs) adopted in assessing different conducts and their evolution and compare these to their theoretically optimal level, thus capturing the quality of enforcement. On average, economic analysis plays a modest role in investigations, with little analysis to substantiate consumer harm or to account for efficiencies, for conducts for which effects-based would be the appropriate LS. However, there is a consistent and significant improvement over time in the quality of enforcement in abuse of dominance cases, with effects-based LSs adopted in recent years. This contrasts to earlier findings and questions recent views, by indicating that DGCOMP has been influenced by the significant progress that economic analysis of antitrust has made in recent decades. Results on how LSs adopted affect the outcome of the judicial review (the rate of decision annulment) do not support the hypothesis that this increases as LSs move closer to effects-based.


Author(s):  
Admink Admink ◽  
Віта Костюк

У рамках імплементації Конвенції про охорону нематеріальної культурної спадщини вивчено заходи культурної політики, що заклали основи для втілення новітніх політичних підходів, механізмів і програм. У контексті виконання міжнародно-правових стандартів UNESCO та положень Конвенції визначено курс на аналіз, збереження й розвиток культурного розмаїття та надбання. Умотивована необхідність формування стратегії культурної політики у галузі збереження нематеріальної культурної спадщини, що полягає у проектуванні й затвердженні культурних проектів національного й регіонального спрямування. Враховано наявну ускладнену ситуацію щодо ролі місцевої влади та обмеженість бюджетного фінансування в країні загалом. Встановлено, що дії, що сприятимуть виявленню елементів нематеріальної культурної спадщини, організації та реалізації заходів щодо її збереження в Україні повинні стати цільовими пріоритетами. Cultural policy measures within the framework of the implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage are examined. A course on the analysis, conservation and development of cultural diversity and heritage in the context of the implementation of UNESCO international legal standards and the provisions of the Convention has been determined. The necessity of developing a strategy of cultural policy formation in the field of preservation of the intangible cultural heritage, which consists in the design and approval of cultural projects of national and regional orientation, is substantiated. The complicated situation regarding the role of local authorities and the limited budget financing in the country are taken into account. It is established that the priority should be given to actions that will help identify elements of the intangible cultural heritage, develop and implement measures for its preservation in Ukraine.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonelli ◽  
Pinuccia P Calia ◽  
Giovanni Guidetti

Abstract The article analyses the role of institutions in the determination of income inequality in a sample of OECD countries. Basing on the seminal approach by Amable, the article discusses the theoretical definition of model of capitalism. The basic idea is that each model of capitalism is defined by the cobweb of complementary relationships established among different institutions. Using a set of statistical indicators of the operation of institutions in two different years, 1995 and 2010, the empirical analysis points out five models of capitalism and exhibits how their composition has changed in this lapse of 15 years. In the following sections of the article, we investigate the role played by the model of capitalism in the determination of income distribution, measured through a standard Gini index. After controlling for a set of variables, the econometric evidence shows that different models of capitalism present significantly different levels of income inequality.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Murphy ◽  
Maurice Patterson ◽  
Lisa O’Malley

Although the skilful body has been ever-present in research accounts of consumption experiences, no sustained attention has been given to the acquisition of skills necessary for successful engagement with those experiences. In the present study, we report an empirical investigation of the acquisition and diffusion of embodied competencies among high-speed motorcyclists. In doing so, we mobilize the concept of reflexive body techniques in order to unpack the social, physical and mindful aspects of skilled embodiment. We demonstrate that skill acquisition is a necessary precursor to successful immersion into certain kinds of consumption experiences offered by the marketplace. Further, we underline the role of skill acquisition in subject formation.


Author(s):  
Makhmudov R.M ◽  
Karimova B.N

This article discusses the problems of legal education and strengthening the discipline of the military of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan as citizens of the rule of law. The role of law and its influence on the legal consciousness of military personnel is revealed. Features and specificity of the service of the military personnel of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors in the article will try to uncover the relationship of legal education and strengthening the discipline of military personnel. The role of the right to strengthen the charter knowledge of military personnel is revealed in detail. KEY WORDS: members of the National Guard, military regulations, legal standards, legal education, military law, legal support, specific features, the formation of a legal culture, strengthening discipline.


Upravlenie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Дончевский ◽  
G. Donchevskiy ◽  
Ермишина ◽  
A. Ermishina ◽  
Клименко ◽  
...  

The paper is devoted to a concept study and empirical verification of the hypothesis about existence and development of new post-urban lifestyles in Russian society, which are formed on the basis of industrial and urban state of life, but trying to overcome the urbanism limitations. The authors differentiate posturban representatives as down-shifters and up-shifters. Materials of conducted empirical investigation have demonstrated that innovative technological solutions and modern autonomous eco-friendly housing lifesupport technologies take an important place in post-urban representatives’ socio-economic activity models.


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