Culture Method for Detection of Salmonella in Dried Active Yeast: Collaborative Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-733
Author(s):  
Paul L Poelma ◽  
Aida Romero ◽  
Clyde R Wilson ◽  
Wallace H Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
High Level

Abstract A method for detecting Salmonella in dried active yeast was subjected to collaborative study. This method employs trypticase soy broth as the pre-enrichment medium, a sample-to-broth ratio of 1:10, and subsequent transfers to lauryl sulfate tryptose broth and tetrathionate before streaking onto selective agars. Each collaborating analyst received ten 25 g samples of dried active yeast. Duplicate 25 g samples were each inoculated with Salmonella Oranienburg at a low level (28 cells) and a high level (107 cells). Similarly, duplicate 25 g samples were each inoculated with S. senftenberg at a low level (30 cells) and a high level (114 cells). The remaining 2 of 10 samples were not inoculated. Results from 12 of 13 collaborators were evaluated. Only 2 (8.2%) of the 24 low level S. oranienburg samples were reported incorrectly as negative. Twelve of the analysts detected S. senftenberg at both levels and S. Oranienburg at the high level in the inoculated samples. Results from 12 collaborators used in the final evaluation show that 117 of 119 (98.3%) collaborative determinations are in agreement. The official final action method for the detection and identification of Salmonella, 46.013–46.026, has been revised official first action to include applicability to dried active yeast.

Evaluation of the Culture Method NIHSJ-02 Alternative to ISO 10272-1:2006 for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken: Collaborative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshika Momose ◽  
Yumiko Okada ◽  
Hiroshi Asakura ◽  
Tomoya Ekawa ◽  
Kazuya Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Abstract For the surveillance of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in Japan, a qualitative method, National Institute of Health Sciences Japan (NIHSJ)-02, was developed as an alternative to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10272-1:2006. In the NIHSJ-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of Preston broth at 42 ± 1°C to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bacteria. To evaluate the performance of NIHSJ-02, a collaborative study was conducted, and the results obtained by NIHSJ-02 were compared with those obtained using the reference method, ISO 10272-1:2006. Fifteen laboratories participated; each examined 48 minced chicken samples consisting of test samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low or high level, and inoculated with C. coli at a low level. The average probabilities of detection by NIHSJ-02 across laboratories were 0.033, 0.222, 0.678, and 0.267 in samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low and high level, and with C. coli at a low level, respectively. Those by ISO 10272-1:2006 were 0.051, 0.128, 0.551, and 0.090. Significantly higher probabilities of detection were determined by NIHSJ-02 compared to ISO 10272-1:2006, except for uninoculated samples. On the other hand, significantly lower frequency of occurrence of background bacteria was observed by NIHSJ-02 (43.1%) compared with ISO 10272-1:2006 (92.6%). NIHSJ-02 showed better performance than ISO 10272-1:2006 with regard to the selective detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken.

scholarly journals Reveal 8-Hour Test System for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef, Raw Beef Cubes, and Iceberg Lettuce Rinse: Collaborative Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B Bird ◽  
Rebecca J Hoerner ◽  
Lawrence Restaino ◽  
G Anderson ◽  
W Birbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test System ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Five different food types were analyzed by the Reveal for E. coli O157:H7 8-Hour Test System (Reveal 8) and either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) culture method or the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) culture method for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 27 laboratories representing academia and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Food types were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels: a high level where predominantly positive results were expected, and a low level where fractional recovery was anticipated. During this study, 1110 samples and controls were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by BAM or FSIS by each of the collaborators (2220 samples in total). For each set of samples, 740 were artificially inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, and 370 were uninoculated controls. The Reveal 8 detected 528 presumptive positives of which 487 were confirmed positive by the BAM culture method. In comparison, BAM and FSIS detected 489 of the 740 artificially contaminated samples as positive. In an additional in-house study performed only on chilled and frozen raw ground beef, 240 artificially inoculated samples were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by FSIS. The Reveal 8 detected and confirmed 104 samples as positive compared to 79 confirmed positive by FSIS.

Effects of Using Reduced Volumes of Nonselective Enrichment Medium in Methods for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Raw Beef†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1768-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Assay Detection

Recent work from our laboratory revealed that tryptic soy broth (TSB) was a superior enrichment medium for use in test-and-hold Escherichia coli O157:H7 methods at levels down to a ratio of three volumes of medium to one volume of sample. Lower ratios were examined for their effect on results obtained from culture isolation, the BAX E. coli O157:H7 MP assay, and the Assurance GDS E. coli O157:H7 assay. Ground beef and boneless beef trim were inoculated with a high level (170 CFU/65 g of ground beef and 43 CFU/65 g of trim) and a low level (17 CFU/65 g of ground beef and 4 CFU/65 g of trim) of E. coli O157:H7 and enriched in 3, 1, 0.5, and 0 volumes of TSB. The volume of TSB used did not affect E. coli O157:H7 detection by culture isolation, Assurance GDS detection in ground beef or trim, or the BAX MP assay detection in ground beef. However, BAX MP assay detection of E. coli O157:H7 in beef trim was 50, 42, and 33% positive when enrichment volumes of 0.5×, 1×, and 3×, respectively, were used. Optimum results with all methods were obtained using 1 volume of TSB. We concluded that detection test results can be considered valid as long as enrichment medium is used, even when it is less than the specified 3 or 10 volumes.

Collaborative Study of the Recovery of Hexachlorobenzene and Mirex in Butterfat and Fish

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Rodney L Bong
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fish Sample ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A previously published method applicable to the recovery of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Mirex (dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene) from fats and oils has been collaboratively studied by 8 laboratories. The method involves distribution of the fat or oil on unactivated Florisil and elution of the HCB and Mirex with acetonitrile. The 2 compounds are then partitioned into petroleum ether and eluted through activated Florisil with methylene chloride-hexane. Electron capture gas-liquid chromatography is utilized as the determinative step. In the collaborative study, samples of sablefish and butterfat were fortified at 2 different levels; each level was determined in duplicate. Average HCB recoveries of 98±7% and 95±13% at respective levels of 0.06 and 0.5 ppm were obtained from the fish sample. Mirex recoveries in the fish sample at the same levels were 85±l4% and 96±10%. The butterfat sample was fortified at a low level of 0.13 ppm for both compounds and at high levels of 0.62 and 0.66 ppm for HCB and Mirex, respectively. The low level HCB recovery was 104±6% and the high level was 99±10%. In the same order, Mirex was recovered at 104±7% and 103±6%. The method has been adopted as official first action for the determination of HCB and Mirex in fish and fatty dairy products.

scholarly journals Relative Effectiveness of Selenite Cystine Broth, Tetrathionate Broth, and Rappaport-Vassiliadis Medium for Recovery of Salmonella spp. from Raw Flesh, Highly Contaminated Foods, and Poultry Feed: Collaborative Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine A June ◽  
Patricia S Sherrod ◽  
Thomas S Hammack ◽  
R Miguel Amaguaña ◽  
Wallace H Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A collaborative study was performed in 18 laboratories to validate use of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium in the standard culture method for recovery of Salmonella spp. from raw, highly contaminated foods and poultry feed. RV medium made from its individual ingredients and incubated at 42�C was compared with selenite cystine (SC) broth incubated at 35�C and tetrathionate (TT) broth incubated at 35� and 43�C for effectiveness in recovery of Salmonella spp. Four artificially contaminated foods (oysters, frog legs, mushrooms, and shrimp) and poultry feed and one naturally contaminated food (chicken) were analyzed. The artificially contaminated foods were inoculated with single serovars of Salmonella at target levels of 0.04 colony-forming units (CFU)/g for the low level and 0.4 CFU/g for the high level. For analysis of 1125 test portions, RV medium (42�C) recovered Salmonellairom 409 test portions; TT (43�C), from 368 test portions; TT (35�C), from 310 test portions; and SC (35�C), from 334 test portions. Overall, RV medium was comparable with or better than other selective enrichments for recovery of Salmonella from the foods in this study, except mushrooms. From mushrooms, SC broth (35�C) recovered more positive test portions than did RV medium (42�C) and TT broth (43�C). The method for detection of Salmonella in raw, highly contaminated foods and

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Marketers Project Their Personal Preferences onto Consumers: Overcoming the Threat of Egocentric Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372199837
Author(s):  
Walter Herzog ◽  
Johannes D. Hattula ◽  
Darren W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
False Consensus Effect ◽  
False Consensus ◽  
High Level

This research explores how marketing managers can avoid the so-called false consensus effect—the egocentric tendency to project personal preferences onto consumers. Two pilot studies were conducted to provide evidence for the managerial importance of this research question and to explore how marketing managers attempt to avoid false consensus effects in practice. The results suggest that the debiasing tactic most frequently used by marketers is to suppress their personal preferences when predicting consumer preferences. Four subsequent studies show that, ironically, this debiasing tactic can backfire and increase managers’ susceptibility to the false consensus effect. Specifically, the results suggest that these backfire effects are most likely to occur for managers with a low level of preference certainty. In contrast, the results imply that preference suppression does not backfire but instead decreases false consensus effects for managers with a high level of preference certainty. Finally, the studies explore the mechanism behind these results and show how managers can ultimately avoid false consensus effects—regardless of their level of preference certainty and without risking backfire effects.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals The high-level benefits of low-level sandboxing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (POPL) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sammler ◽  
Deepak Garg ◽  
Derek Dreyer ◽  
Tadeusz Litak
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
High Level
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