scholarly journals Variability Associated with Analytical Methods Used To Measure Aflatoxin in Agricultural Commodities

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Whitaker ◽  
William Horwitz ◽  
Richard Albert ◽  
Stanley Nesheim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Analytical Variability ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A total of 1019 analytical precision estimates obtained from method-performance (collaborative) studies for mycotoxins published through 1991 were sortedby type of variance measurement, type of analytical method, and type of agricultural commodity. Precision estimates for total aflatoxin were sorted into 2 precision measurements (among-labo ratories and with in-laboratory), 3 analytical methods (thin-layer chromatography [TLC], liquid chromatography [LC], and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), and 11 agricultural commodities. Sufficient data existed to study the analytical variability (precision) associated with 36 sorted combinations (of a possible 66). In all but one combination (within-laboratory, barley, and TLC), the variance (V) was a function of totalafla- toxin concentration (C). A power function of the form V = aCb, where a and b are constants, describes the relationship between variance and aflatoxin concentration. The coefficients a and b were determined from regression analysis. When results were pooled across all agricultural commodities, LC had the lowest analytical variability while ELISA had the highest. For a given method, among-labora tories variability was approximately double the with in-laboratory variability. These analytical variability estimates can be coupled with previously determined variability estimates of sampling and sample preparation to determine the performance associated with specific test procedures used to inspect agricultural commodities for aflatoxin.

Quantitative Determination of Tremortins in Agricultural Commodities

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1036
Author(s):  
C T Hou ◽  
A Ciegler ◽  
C W Hesseltine
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract The procedure described for the quantitative determination of tremortins in agricultural commodities involves extracting the agricultural commodity with chloroform-methanol (2 + 1), followed by thin layer chromatography and colorimetric assay. This procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of tremortin A added to grains and the production of tremortins A and B on various commodities.

Analytical Methods Practiced to Quantitation of Rifampicin: A Captious Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Muljibhai Kotadiya ◽  
Foram Narottambhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Rifampicin (RIF), also known as rifampin, a bactericidal antibiotic having broad antibacterial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria act by inhibiting DNA dependent RNA polymerase. RIF has been administered in different dosage forms like tablets, capsules, injections, oral suspension, powder etc. for the treatment of several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy and Legionnaires’ disease. Introduction: To ensure the quality, efficacy, safety and effectiveness of RIF drug product, effective and reliable analytical methods are utmost important. To quantify RIF for quality control or pharmacokinetic purposes, alternative analytical methods have been developed along with the official compendial methods. Method: In this review paper, an extensive literature survey was done to gather information on various analytical instrumental methods used so far for RIF. Result: These methods were high-performance liquid chromatography (42%), hyphenated techniques (18%), spectroscopy (15%), high-performance thin-layer chromatography or thin-layer chromatography (7%) and miscellaneous (18%). Conclusion: All these methods were selective and specific for the RIF analysis.

Prediction of Future Market Price for Agricultural Commodities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Pathane ◽  
Uttam Patil ◽  
Nandini Sidnal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Agriculture Products

The agricultural commodity prices have a volatile nature which may increase or decrease inconsistently causing an adverse effect on the economy. The work carried out here for predicting prices of agricultural commodities is useful for the farmers because of which they can sow appropriate crop depending on its future price. Agriculture products have seasonal rates, these rates are spread over the entire year. If these rates are known/alerted to the farmers in advance, then it will be promising on ROI (Return on Investments). It requires that the rates of the agricultural products updated into the dataset of each state and each crop, in this application five crops are considered. The predictions are done based on neural networks Neuroph framework in java platform and also the previous years data. The results are produced on mobile application using android. Web based interface is also provided for displaying processed commodity rates in graphical interface. Agricultural experts can follow these graphs and predict market rates which can be informed to the farmers. The results will be provided based on the location of the users of this application.

scholarly journals Toward a consolidation of the CPV-specific-test procedures for inverters

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Voarino ◽  
César Dominguez ◽  
Anthony Bier ◽  
Yannick Roujol ◽  
Christophe Mangeant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedures ◽  
Specific Test

Point-of-Care Testing Error: Sources and Amplifiers, Taxonomy, Prevention Strategies, and Detection Monitors

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Meier ◽  
Bruce A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Structured Observation

Abstract Context.—In a survey performed 4 years ago, testing venues doing only point-of-care testing (POCT) made up 78% of sites for patient testing licensed under federal regulations. Objectives.—To identify sources of POCT error, to present a classification of such errors, to suggest strategies to prevent errors, and to describe monitors that assess and reduce the frequency of errors. Design.—To identify sources of POCT error, large studies of error among US Federal Certificate of Waiver laboratories (CoWs) and practitioner-performed microscopy certificate holders were reviewed. To facilitate investigation and management of POCT error, a taxonomy of such errors (modified from a classification previously published by Gerald Kost) was used to identify 4 steps with error potential in each of the 3 phases (ie, preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic) of the POCT process. To prevent observed POCT errors, 4 strategies are suggested: direct observation of instrument/method functionality, structured observation of method performance, proficiency testing/use of relevant test scenarios, and autonomation. To assess frequency of errors, a quartet of indices are introduced as detection monitors: order documentation, patient identification, specimen adequacy, and result integrity. Results.—Three sources of POCT error were identified: operator incompetence, nonadherence to test procedures, and use of uncontrolled reagents and equipment. Three other characteristics of many point-of-care tests amplify their risk of error: incoherent regulation, rapid availability of results, and the results' immediate therapeutic implications. Two members of the quartet of detection monitors, order documentation and specimen adequacy, are relatively difficult to measure and are controversial, but the other 2, patient identification and result integrity, are easier to assess and are relatively widely accepted. Conclusions.—Point-of-care testing errors are relatively common, their frequency is amplified by incoherent regulation, and their likelihood of affecting patient care is amplified by the rapid availability of POCT results and the results' immediate therapeutic implications. The modified Kost taxonomy offers a reasonable approach to the identification of POCT errors. Direct observation of test functionality, structured observation of test performance, and testing the competence of POCT operators, as well as autonomation of devices, are strategies to prevent such errors. In this context, we suggest monitoring POCT order documentation, patient identification, specimen integrity, and result reporting to detect errors in this sort of testing.

scholarly journals Ageing of Adhesive Joints for Façade Applications – Comparison of Artificial and Real Weathering Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 02013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Nečasová ◽  
Pavel Liška ◽  
Michal Novotný
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Mechanical Joints ◽  
Heavy Loads

Currently, the adhesive joints are more and more regularly used as an alternative to mechanical joints. They often offer a more suitable, durable and faster possibility. They provide a solution with a more even distribution of stresses in the joint, which consequently allows an increase in the rigidity of the structure and allows it to withstand even heavy loads. High - strength flexible adhesive systems enable the implementation of effective structural joints, and although several decades have passed since the certification and installation of the first façade system with bonded anchoring, even today it is not a matter that is properly grounded in technical standards. A list of specific test procedures on whose basis the behaviour of the joint over the next 40 years could be predicted does not exist. On the basis of these facts, the authors have decided to subject the test samples both to laboratory measurements, where two methods were selected, as well as to expose them to the effects of real weather conditions for a 3-year period. Comparison of the real environment influence results and the methods of artificial aging showed that the selected conditioning methods adequately simulate the effects of weather conditions.

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