scholarly journals Modification of AOAC Multiresidue Method for Determining Synthetic Pyrethroid Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. Part III: Studies of Analyte Stability and Method Ruggedness

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Fang Pang ◽  
Yan-Zhong Cao ◽  
Chun-Lin Fan ◽  
Jin-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xue-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The stability of 8 synthetic pyrethroids in 9 crops during storage for 90 days were studied. The 8 pyrethroid insecticides were highly persistent in the 6 grains during storage. But their stabilities in 3 kinds of fruits and vegetables were different from those in the 6 grains: Most of them were degraded. Florisil purification conditions were studied with 6 batches of Florisil from 3 countries at various extents of deactivation and amounts. The best conditions of Florisil purification found in this present research agree with those found 1 year ago. The efficiencies of acetonitrile and acetone to extract the 8 pyrethroids from 6 fruit and vegetable samples were compared. The extraction efficiency of acetone was competitive with that of acetonitrile for the 6 fruit and vegetable samples. Method performance was evaluated by 6 analysts from different areas. The ruggedness tests demonstrate further that the proposed method is simple, accurate with good precision, and suitable for multiresidue analysis of pyrethroids in various agriculture products.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables During 1996

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Ashraf M El-Marsafy
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits

Abstract Samples of the most common fruits and vegetables were collected from 8 local markets in 6 governorates. These 1579 samples were analyzed for residues of 53 pesticides, which included organophosphorus and organonitrogen compounds and some synthetic pyrethroids. Samples were also analyzed for residues of organochlorine pesticides, although they had been prohibited from use several years ago. Only 510 of the 1579 samples were analyzed for dithiocarbamate pesticide residues, which were determined as CS2. Overall, 76.1% of the total analyzed samples had no detectable residues, 23.9% contained detectable residues, and 2.59% contained residues that exceeded maximum residue limits. For individual crops, contaminated samples ranged from 0 to 96% of the number of samples analyzed. However, the highest violative percentage for samples of individual crops was 12.5. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, dimethoate, bromopropylate, and profenofos were the violative pesticides determined in fruit and vegetable samples. The results of the current study demonstrated that no restricted or banned pesticides such as DDT, HCH, and their isomers were found in any of the samples analyzed. Dithiocarbamate residues were detected in 9.4% of the 510 samples analyzed, with a violative percentage of 0.39, representing one grape sample and one peach sample.

scholarly journals Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables in 1995

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Ashraf M El-Marsafy ◽  
Safaa M Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Codex Committee ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues

Abstract Organophosphorus, dithiocarbamates, and some synthetic pyrethroids pesticides, which are commonly used in Egypt for pest control, were monitored, as well as persistent organochlorines, which had been prohibited from use several years ago. Fruit and vegetable samples (397) were collected from 8 local markets and examined for 52 pesticides. Of all analyzed samples, 42.8% contained detectable residues, of which 1.76% exceeded their maximum residue limits (MRLs). The rates of contamination with the different pesticides were 0-86%. However, violation rates among contaminated products were very low, ranging from 0 to 4.6%. In general, organochlorine pesticide residues were not detected in most samples. Dithiocarbamate residues were found in 70.4% of 98 samples analyzed for dithiocarbamates, but only one grape sample had residues exceeding the MRL established by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.

Modification of AOAC Multiresidue Method for Determination of Synthetic Pyrethroid Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. Part I: Acetonitrile Extraction System and Optimization of Florisil Cleanup and Gas Chromatography

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Fang Pang ◽  
Yan-Zhong Chao ◽  
Chun-Lin Fan ◽  
Jin-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xue-Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Multiresidue Method ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
The Individual

Abstract We present a multiresidue method for determination of synthetic pyrethroids in fruits, vegetables, and grains. The method is a modification of AOAC Method 970.52. Residues are extracted with acetonitrile (for fruits and vegetables) or acetonitrile–water (2 + 1) (for grains) and then transferred to hexane. Coextractives are removed by acetonitrile partitioning and open-column chromatography with deactivated Florisil. The final extract is analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC–ECD). An HP-17 wide-bore column is used to determine the total isomeric content of each insecticide, and a DB-5 narrow-bore column is used to determine the individual isomeric contents of each insecticide. The method was used to recover 8 pyrethroids (biphenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fluvalinate, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin) spiked at 0.01–4.0 mg/kg in 20 crops (apple, pear, peach, banana, grape, strawberry, potato, tomato, cucumber, pepper, cabbage, carrot, celery, polished rice, wheat, green gram, buckwheat, sorghum, maize, and barley). Recoveries of the 8 pyrethroid insecticides in 6 crops ranged from 83.8 to 112.8%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.00 to 12.09% for the narrow- bore capillary GC (n = 6) and from 82.8 to 106.4%, CV = 2.93–12.19%, for the wide-bore capillary GC (n = 6). The minimum detectable levels of 0.004–0.028 mg/kg (for fruits and vegetables) or 0.01–0.08 mg/kg (for grains) for the 8 pyrethroids are easy to detect.

Modification of AOAC Multiresidue Method for Determination of Synthetic Pyrethroid Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. Part II: Acetone Extraction System

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1489-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Fang Pang ◽  
Yan-Zhong Chao ◽  
Chun-Lin Fan ◽  
Jin-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xue-Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Multiresidue Method ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Extraction Solvents

Abstract To optimize conditions and to evaluate further a multiresidue method for pyrethroids, various extraction solvents and partitioning conditions were examined. Acetone and acetonitrile (for fruits and vegetables) and acetone–water and acetonitrile–water (for grains) were used as solvents with or without acetonitrile partitioning. Twenty crops fortified with 8 pyrethroid insecticides at low, medium, and high levels were analyzed. For limit of detection (LOD) levels, repeatability tests were completed with acetone–water as extraction solvent. Recoveries of 8 pyrethroid insecticides at LOD levels were 76.2–99.6%, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.08–10.90% for narrow-bore capillary gas chromatography (GC) (n = 6) and 80.1–107.3% with CVs of 3.76–15.38% for wide-bore capillary GO (n = 6). Both acetone or acetone–water extraction with acetonitrile partitioning and acetonitrile or acetonitrile–water extraction with acetonitrile partitioning are suitable for multiresidue analysis of pyrethroid insecticides. However, acetonitrile and acetonitrile– water as extraction solvents were better than acetone and acetone–water at LOD-fortified levels. This finding was confirmed chromatographically with pear, cucumber, and barley control samples.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE COOPERATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCERS WITH LARGE-FORMAT RETAIL CHAINS – OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lubańska
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Principal Part ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Large Format ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The Stability

The article outlines the importance of large-format trade in Polish FMCG retail. The principal part of the article consists of opinions of fruit and vegetable producers on the positive and negative aspects of cooperation with large-format networks. The article also makes an attempt to analyse the bargaining power of suppliers – fruit and vegetable producers – as well as the opportunities and risks related to the cooperation of farms with retail networks. Research was conducted with 24 producers supplying fruits and vegetables to the distribution centres of retail chains. The research shows that suppliers tend to note far more positive than negative aspects in cooperation with this distribution channel. The major advantages of cooperating with networks turned out to be the stability and certainty of sales of large batches of goods, the predictability of sales and an increase in the quality and safety of offered products. The most important obstacles to cooperating with these customers are: the dominant position of networks, imposing terms and conditions and prices of sales and over frequent promotions in networks. The study showed that the aggregate of incentives to cooperate with large-format retail chains was twice as high as the aggregate of disincentives.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Intestinal Parasites in Fruits and Vegetables from Markets of Northwest Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Morales-Figueroa ◽  
M.A. Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
M. Castro-García ◽  
J. Esparza-Romero ◽  
M.A. López-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
Open Air Markets

Background: Fruits and vegetables are potential vehicle of transmission of intestinal parasites. The main aim of this study was to determine prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination in fruits and vegetables sampled from Caborca region, Northwest Mexico. Methods: A total of 400 fruit and vegetable samples were collected from unregulated open-air markets and closed (i.e., regulated) markets in Caborca region of Northwest Mexico; including melon, peach, asparagus, and grapes. Faust, Kinyoun, and Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques were used to detect and identify the genus and species of all parasites found in the examined samples. Data were statistically analyzed using STATA/SE (version 12.0). Results: An overall prevalence (45%) of parasitic contamination was found in the 400 fruit and vegetable samples. Endolimax nana (27.5%) and Entamoeba coli (17.5%) were the most common nonpathogenic parasites, while the most prevalent parasitic pathogens were Cryptosporidium spp. (11.7%), Cyclospora spp., (11.0%), and Blastocystis hominis (9.2%). Asparagus (31%) and grapes (38.9%) had significantly (p<0.05) higher percent- ages of overall and multiple parasitic contamination than melon (10.6%) and peaches (19.4%). The fresh produce from the open-air markets had significantly (p<0.05) higher overall parasitic contamination (53.5%) than those of the closed establishments (36.5%). Conclusion: The parasitic contamination in the fresh produce sold in the Northwest region of Mexico is a serious public health concern.

Perspectives of using standards based on management systems for increasing the competitiveness of fruit and vegetable products in the republic of Uzbekistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Imomov Jamshidxon Odilovich
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Network Management System ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the role and importance of agriculture in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and demonstrates the need to improve the competitiveness of fruit and vegetable products in future economic reforms and the need for implementing a network management system. The SWOT method also shows the prospects and ways to increase the competitiveness of fruits and vegetables in the global agrarian and food markets.

Russia in the World Production and Market of Potatoes and Fruit and Vegetable Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Agirbov ◽  
◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In 1961-2018 in the world as a whole, the gross harvest of potatoes increased from 290.6 million tons to 368.2 million tons, that is, 1.36 times. Over the same period, the production of vegetables and food melons increased from 197.7 million tons to 1,088.8 million tons (5.51 times), and fruits and berries from 199.9 million tons to 867.8 million tons (4.34 times). In a number of states in 1992-2018 the corresponding increase significantly exceeded the average values for the world as a whole, as a result of which their place in the global ranking increased, and the positions of some traditional producers of potatoes and fruits and vegetables decreased. For example, in terms of gross harvest of potatoes in 1992, Russia was in first place, and Poland was in third, while in 2018 they were in 4th and 9th positions, respectively. In terms of vegetable production, Italy and Japan were displaced from 4th and 5th places, which were taken by Turkey and Nigeria. In terms of gross harvests of fruits and berries, Turkey occupied the fifth position in total world production by 2018, although in 1992 it belonged to Italy. Quantitative and qualitative changes inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. Processes in foreign economic liberalization and economic integration contributed to an increase in the specialization and concentration of production of relevant plants in countries with more favorable natural and climatic conditions, as well as a gradual increase in demand for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries from a number of states, including those that used to meet the needs of their population in large volumes at the expense of their own producers. The Russian Federation is one of the significant players in the world potato and fruit and vegetable market. Despite the increase in gross fruit and vegetable production in recent years, Russia’s positions in the global rating dropped from 7th to 10th place in vegetables and melons, from 20th to 31st place in fruits and berries. As for potatoes, there was a decrease in the volume of its production, as a result, Russia dropped from 1st place in 1992 to 4th place in 2018.

scholarly journals Healthy eating: a matter of prioritisation by households or policymakers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Joreintje Dingena Mackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food System ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Abstract I reflect upon the potential reasons why American low-income households do not spend an optimal proportion of their food budgets on fruits and vegetables, even though this would allow them to meet the recommended levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. Other priorities than health, automatic decision-making processes and access to healthy foods play a role, but solutions for the persistent socio-economic inequalities in diet should be sought in the wider food system which promotes cheap, mass-produced foods. I argue that, ultimately, healthy eating is not a matter of prioritisation by individual households but by policymakers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document