scholarly journals foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1876-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Lindhardt ◽  
Holger Schönenbrücher ◽  
Jörg Slaghuis ◽  
Andreas Bubert ◽  
Rolf Ossmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit was previously validated in the Performance Tested MethodsSM program for the detection of Salmonella species in a variety of foods, including milk powder, egg powder, coconut, cocoa powder, chicken breast, minced meat, sliced sausage, sausage, smoked fish, pasta, white pepper, cumin, dough, wet pet food, dry pet food, ice cream, watermelon, sliced cabbage, food dye, and milk chocolate. The method was shown to be equivalent to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedures. In the first Emergency Response Validation (ERV) extension study, peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser Typhimurium. For the low inoculation level (1.08 CFU/25 g), a Chi-square value of 2.25 indicated that there was no significant performance difference between the foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit and the FDA-BAM reference method. For high-level inoculation (11.5 CFU/25 g) and uninoculated control, there was 100 agreement between the methods. In the second ERV extension study, peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser Typhimurium. For both inoculation levels (0.1 and 0.5 CFU/25 g by most probable number), Chi-square values of 0 indicated that there was no significant performance difference between foodproof Salmonella Detection Kit and the FDA-BAM reference method.

scholarly journals VIDAS Salmonella (SLM) Assay Method EasySLM with ChromID Salmonella (SM2) Agar

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1861-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Johnson ◽  
John Mills ◽  
Judith Coln-Reveles ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Matrix Extension

Abstract A method modification study was conducted for the VIDAS Salmonella (SLM) assay (AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 020901) using the EasySLM method to validate a matrix extension for peanut butter. The VIDAS EasySLM method is a simple enrichment procedure compared to traditional Salmonella methods, requiring only pre-enrichment and a single selective enrichment media, Salmonella Xpress 2 (SX2) broth. SX2 replaces the two selective broths in traditional methods and eliminates the M broth transfer, incubation, and subsequent pooling of M broths prior to VIDAS assay. The validation study was conducted under the AOAC Research Institute Emergency Response Validation program. VIDAS SLM was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) method for detection of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium in peanut butter. All peanut butter samples were prepared, blind-coded, and shipped to the method developers' laboratory by Q Laboratories. In addition, Q Laboratories performed most probable number and reference method analyses on peanut butter samples. The VIDAS EasySLM ChromID Salmonella (SM2) Agar was previously validated in the Performance Tested Methods program for the detection of Salmonella in roast beef, raw ground pork, turkey, pork sausage, raw chicken breast, dry pet food, whole milk, ice cream, bagged spinach, shrimp (raw, peeled), raw cod, spent irrigation water, pecans, peanut butter, dry pasta, cake mix, ground black pepper, nonfat dry milk, liquid eggs, cantaloupe, and orange juice. In the matrix extension study for peanut butter, the VIDAS EasySLM method was shown to be equivalent to the appropriate reference culture procedure using both buffered peptone water pre-enrichment and the FDA-BAM lactose pre-enrichment in the two-step enrichment method with SX2 media. The current study extends the validation to include peanut butter.

Evaluation of VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella Method for the Detection of Salmonella in a Variety of Foods: Collaborative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1821-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Crowley ◽  
Patrick Bird ◽  
Kiel Fisher ◽  
Katherine Goetz ◽  
M Joseph Benzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella method is a specific enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay performed in the automated VIDAS instrument. The VIDAS Easy Salmonella method is a simple 2-step enrichment procedure, using pre-enrichment followed by selective enrichment in a newly formulated broth, SX2 broth. This new method was compared in a multilaboratory collaborative study to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 5 method for five food matrixes (liquid egg, vanilla ice cream, spinach, raw shrimp, and peanut butter) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 4.04 method for deli turkey. Each food type was artificially contaminated with Salmonella at three inoculation levels. A total of 15 laboratories representing government, academia, and industry, throughout the United States, participated. In this study, 1583 samples were analyzed, of which 792 were paired replicates and 791 were unpaired replicates. Of the 792 paired replicates, 285 were positive by both the VIDAS and reference methods. Of the 791 unpaired replicates, 341 were positive by the VIDAS method and 325 were positive by the cultural reference method. A Chi-square analysis of each of the six food types was performed at the three inoculation levels tested. For all foods evaluated, the VIDAS Easy SLM method demonstrated results comparable to those of the reference methods for the detection of Salmonella.

scholarly journals USDA FSIS and FDA BAM Culture Methods BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated and Difco Dehydrated Culture Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract BBL and Difco CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated internally and externally for the recovery of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs. The raw chicken and ground beef were processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service reference methods. The raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were processed according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures. Only raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixeswere seededwith an appropriate dilution of organism to achieve fractionally positive results. Salmonella strains were permitted to equilibrate with the culture-negative matrixes for 48 h at 4C. Twenty 25 g samples of each food matrix plus 5 uninoculated samples were processed. CS prepared plates (CS PPM) and laboratory prepared plates from dehydrated culture media (CS DCM) were evaluated with the reference method media. A total of 16 positive cultures were obtained from the raw chicken samples, 17 in the raw ground beef, 18 in the raw fish and lettuce, and 11 in the shell eggs. A Chi-square analysis was performed on each of the food matrixes. BBL CS produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. In testing known isolates the sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 94. Specificity improved to 98 when tetrathionate broth enrichment was used. A negative- and false-positive rate of 6 was found with known isolates. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The performance of the CS prepared plate and laboratory prepared plate was identical.

scholarly journals Methods for the Recovery of Salmonella spp. from Carboxymethylcellulose Gum, Gum Ghatti, and Gelatin

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Miguel Amaguaña ◽  
Thomas S Hammack ◽  
Wallace H Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Final Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Gum Ghatti ◽  
Thickening Agents ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Foods analyzed for Salmonella spp. by the procedure in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 test portion/broth ratio. Various thickening agents preenriched at this ratio become viscous and nonpipettable after 24 h incubation at 35 C. The effects of 3 factors (presence of inorganic salts, adjustment of pH, and presence of enzymes) on the viscosity of the test portion/preenrichment mixtures of various thickening agents during incubation were determined. Reduction of the viscosities of these thickening agents was accomplished as follows: carboxymethylcellulose gum, addition of cellulase to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preenrichment and incubation with no pH adjustment; gum ghatti, addition of NaCI to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preerichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.5; and gelatin, addition of papain to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preenrichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.8. With these modified preenrichments, one Salmonella spp. cell/25 g (representing an approximate most probable number value of 0.04 cell/g) was generally recovered from the thickening agents.

Problems with Identification of Children Who Are Physically Awkward Using the TOMI

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Causgrove Dunn ◽  
E. Jane Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Ball Skills

This study investigated whether the TOMI (Stott, Moyes, & Henderson, 1984), a motor skills test recommended for the identification of children who are physically awkward (Sugden, 1985; Wall, Reid, & Paton, 1990), contains biased items. Findings of a study by Causgrove and Watkinson (1993) indicated that an unexpectedly high proportion of girls from Grades 3 to 6 were identified as physically awkward, and the authors suggested that the TOMI may be biased in favor of boys. In the present study, this suggestion was investigated through comparison of performances of TOMI subtest items by boys and girls from Grades 1 to 6. Chi-square analyses on each of the eight test items revealed significant performance differences between boys and girls on the two ball skills tasks of catching and throwing (p < .0001) at Age Bands 3 and 4; a significantly greater proportion of boys than girls age 9 to 12 years passed the catching and throwing tasks. A significant performance difference was also found on the tracing task at Age Band 1, with more girls passing tracing than boys. Implications for future research requiring the identification of children who are physically awkward are discussed.

scholarly journals GeneQuence Salmonella Assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Alles ◽  
Mark Mozola ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract A study was conducted to validate the GeneQuence Salmonella DNA hybridization assay, Performance Tested Method 030201, for detection of Salmonella spp. in peanut butter. The study was organized by the AOAC Research Institute under its Emergency Response Validation program. Peanut butter samples inoculated with S. Typhimurium were prepared by an independent laboratory and shipped to study participants for testing. The set of blind-coded test samples consisted of five uninoculated controls, 20 portions inoculated with S. Typhimurium at a low level [determined by most probable number (MPN) analysis to contain 1.1 CFU/25 g portion], and 20 portions inoculated with S. Typhimurium at a higher level (11 CFU/25 g portion by MPN analysis). Samples were tested in parallel by the GeneQuence method and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference culture procedure. All five control samples were negative by both methods. For the low-level samples, the same two samples were positive by both the GeneQuence and reference methods. For the high-level samples, the same 19 samples were positive by both methods. All positive GeneQuence assays were confirmed by plating from associated broth cultures. Agreement between the GeneQuence and reference methods was 100. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneQuence method were both 100. Because neither the low- nor the high-level samples yielded the desired fractional positive results (515 positives out of 20 samples), a second trial was conducted. Samples in the second trial contained 0.1 and 0.5 CFU/25 g portion for the low and high levels, respectively. All five control samples were negative by both methods. For the low-level samples, the same two samples were positive by both the GeneQuence and reference methods. For the high-level samples, the same three samples were positive by both methods. All positive GeneQuence assays were confirmed by plating from associated broth cultures. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneQuence method were both 100. Although once again the desired level of fractional positive results was not obtained, there was 100 agreement between the GeneQuence and reference methods. Based on the results of both trials, it is recommended that the validated claims for Performance Tested Method 030201 be expanded to include peanut butter.

scholarly journals Singlepath Salmonella

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1885-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Lindhardt ◽  
Holger Schönenbrücher ◽  
Jörg Slaghuis ◽  
Andreas Bubert ◽  
Rolf Ossmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
High Level

Abstract Singlepath Salmonella is an immunochromatographic (lateral flow) assay for the presumptive qualitative detection of Salmonella spp. in food. A previous AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM study evaluated Singlepath Salmonella as an effective method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in the following selected foods: dried skimmed milk, black pepper, dried pet food, desiccated coconut, cooked peeled frozen prawns, raw ground beef, and raw ground turkey. In this Emergency Response Validation extension, creamy peanut butter was inoculated with S. enterica. ser. Typhimurium. For low contamination level (1.08 CFU/25 g), a Chi-square value of 0.5 indicated that there was no significant difference between Singlepath Salmonella and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) reference method. For high-level and uninoculated control there was 100 agreement between the methods.

scholarly journals iQ-Check Salmonella II: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Kit

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy F Lauer ◽  
Caroline D Sidi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Tourniaire ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Abstract iQ-Check Salmonella II is a real-time PCR kit for detection of Salmonella in foods. Specific oligonucleotide probes are used to detect target DNA during the amplification, by hybridizing to the amplicons. These probes are linked to a fluorophore, which fluoresces only when hybridized to the target sequence. As part of an Emergency Response Validation due to a massive outbreak and subsequent recall, peanut butter was tested to compare the performance of iQ-Check Salmonella II to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) reference method for detection of Salmonella. A single enrichment in buffered peptone water was used for a reduced enrichment time of 21 1 h over the 48 h reference method. There was no significant difference in the performance of the iQ-Check kit when compared to the FDA-BAM method, as determined by Chi-square analysis. All samples identified as positive by iQ-Check were confirmed by reference method protocol.

Precision Parameters for the FDA Shellfish Laboratory Quality Assurance Program for 1973–1989

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-650
Author(s):  
JAMES T. PEELER ◽  
THOMAS E. GRAHAM ◽  
LARRY J. MATURIN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
The U.S

Precision parameters from four microbiological analytical methods (coliform most probable number [MPN], fecal coliform MPN, Staphylococcus aureus plate count and standard plate count) were computed for the Shellfish Quality Assurance Program of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The pooled reproducibility variance (SR2) for the four methods from 1973 to 1989 were 0.0778, 0.1181, 0.0137, and 0.0087, respectively.

scholarly journals 1-2 Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1846-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Feldsine ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of detecting low contamination levels of Salmonella in peanut butter using the 1-2 Test. This study was conducted under the AOAC Research Institute Emergency Response Validation program. A set of samples was analyzed by the 1-2 Test and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method. Among the 90 total samples and controls, 32 samples were positive by the 1-2 Test and the reference method. Statistical analyses of these paired samples indicated that for all levels analyzed, the difference between the 1-2 Test and reference method results were not statistically different at the 5 level.

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