scholarly journals 99 Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate on trace mineral concentrations in serum and seminal plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
Sheri T Dorsam ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Half Sibling

Abstract Thirty-six half-sibling yearling Angus bulls [256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg] were assigned one of three diets: 1) 60% concentrate as corn (CON; n = 12); 2) 60% DDGS (60DDGS; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS as CaSO4 (SULF; n = 12) to evaluate effects of feeding 60% DDGS or sulfur as CaSO4 on trace mineral (TM) concentrations in serum and seminal plasma. Bulls were fed in Calan gates for 112 days and targeted to gain 1.6 kg/d. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED in SAS. In serum, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.03) for Cu, Se, and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P > 0.15) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, 60DDGS was reduced (P < 0.01) compared with SULF and CON. At d 0, no differences (P > 0.09) were observed for Se; however, at d 56 and 112, 60DDGS was greater (P < 0.01) than CON and SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than CON, whereas SULF was intermediate, but at d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P < 0.01) than SULF and 60DDGS. In seminal plasma, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.02) for Cu and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, CON and 60DDGS were greater (P < 0.01) compared with SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than SULF, whereas CON was intermediate, but on d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P < 0.01) than 60DDGS and SULF. Differences observed for TM may have influenced enzyme activity and semen kinematics which were previously reported.

scholarly journals 35 Effect of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur on performance, hormone concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase activity in yearling Angus bulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Joel S Caton ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
Sheri T Dorsam ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract The objectives were to investigate the effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DCD) or equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on performance, hormone concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in yearling bulls. Thirty-six half-sibling Angus bulls [256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg] were assigned one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON; S = 0.18%; n = 12); 2) diet containing 60% DCD as a replacement for corn (DDGS; S = 0.53% DM; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of the DDGS diet added as CaSO4 (SULF; S = 0.51%; n = 12). Bulls were fed in Calan gates to target an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.6 kg/d. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED in SAS. Blood and semen samples were collected on d 0, 56, and 112 then evaluated for concentrations of testosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine in serum, and GPx activity in seminal plasma. By design, no differences (P ³ 0.14) were observed among treatments for final BW, ADG or dry matter intake. However, DDGS tended (P = 0.07) to have reduced gain: feed when compared with CON, whereas SULF was intermediate. No differences (P ³ 0.13) were observed among treatments for serum concentrations of testosterone and thyroxine; however, DDGS had reduced (P = 0.009) triiodothyronine concentrations compared with CON and SULF. A treatment ′ d interaction (P = 0.03) was observed for seminal plasma GPx. On d 56, GPx activity was greater (P = 0.03) for DDGS compared with CON, whereas SULF was intermediate, but on d 112, DDGS had greater (P £ 0.02) GPx activity compared with CON and SULF. Therefore, alterations in triiodothyronine concentrations and GPx activity among treatments indicates that DDGS may influence characteristics of semen quality.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc source and implant strategy on performance, carcass characteristics, and trace mineral concentrations in finishing feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Seventy-two Angus-crossbred steers (411 ± 16 kg) were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to examine the effects of blended Zn source supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and trace mineral parameters of steers administered no implant or a two-implant program. Factors included implant (IMP) strategies and Zn supplementation. During the 126-d study steers were either not implanted (NoIMP) or implanted (IS/200; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) on d 0 (Component TE-IS; 80 mg trenbolone acetate + 16 mg estradiol) and 57 (Component TE-200; 200 mg trenbolone acetate + 20 mg estradiol). All steers were fed 70 mg Zn/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis from ZnSO4 + 30 mg Zn/kg DM from either basic ZnCl (Vistore Zn, Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ), Zn glycinate (Gemstone Zn, Phibro Animal Health), or ZnSO4 (ZnB, ZnG, or ZnS, respectively). Steers were blocked by weight into pens of 6 and fed a dry rolled corn-based diet via GrowSafe bunks (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.; Airdrie, AB, Canada). Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS, with fixed effects of Zn, IMP, and the interaction. Steer was the experimental unit (n = 12 steers/treatment). Liver and muscle collected on d -5, 14, 71, and 120 were analyzed for Zn concentration, and data were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = Day). An IMP × Zn tendency (P = 0.07) was observed for d 126 body weight with no effects of Zn within NoIMP while ZnS tended to be heavier than ZnB with ZnG intermediate within IS/200. Carcass-adjusted overall feed efficiency (G:F) was greatest for ZnS (Zn; P = 0.02). Implanted cattle had greater DM intake, G:F, and carcass-adjusted performance (P ≤ 0.01). Liver Zn concentrations were greater for IS/200 by d 120 (IMP × Day; P = 0.02). Within IS/200, ZnG tended to have greater muscle Zn than ZnS while ZnB was intermediate (Zn × IMP; P = 0.09). No Zn or IMP × Zn (P ≥ 0.12) effects were observed for carcass data. However, IS/200 had greater hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area than NoIMP (P ≤ 0.001). These data suggest implants improve growth and influence Zn metabolism. Future work should examine Zn sources and supplementation alongside implant strategies.

scholarly journals PSII-32 Effects of feeding 60% dried distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate on hydrogen sulfide gas production in the rumen

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Bryan Neville ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
Kevin Sedivec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of feeding 60% dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) or the equivalent sulfur from calcium sulfate (CaSO4) to yearling beef bulls on ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The hypothesis for this study was that bulls consuming elevated concentrations of sulfur in their diet will have an increase in H2S present in the rumen. Twenty-four crossbred beef bulls (10 months of age, BW=319.6 kg) were assigned one of three treatments 1) corn based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON, S=0.2%, n = 8); 2) diet containing 60% DDGS as a replacement for corn (DDGS, S=0.44% DM, n = 8); 3) CON diet+ equivalent sulfur of DDGS in diet added as CaSO4 (SULF, S=0.43%, n = 8). Bulls were individually fed in Calan gates at 2% of BW. Ruminal gas samples were taken via rumen puncture 4 to 6 hours post feeding on d0, 14 and 42. Concentrations of H2S were determined using hydrogen sulfide detector tubes which were connected to a volumetric gas pump (Gastec, Kanawaga, Japan). Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedures of SAS for effects of day, treatment, and a day × treatment interaction. A day × treatment interaction was present for ruminal H2S (P = 0.005). On d0, there was no effect of treatment (P = 0.97). Bulls fed DDGS or SULF had similar H2S concentration on d14 (P = 0.06), while animals fed CON had lower H2S concentration (P = 0.004). On d42, concentrations of H2S was greater in SULF than all other treatments (P£0.006), while DDGS was greater than CON (P£0.05). Elevated H2S in bulls fed the SULF treatment compared with the DDGS treatment may indicate that ruminal availability of sulfur (S) in CaSO4 was greater than that of the combination of sulfuric acid and S-containing amino acids present in DDGS.

scholarly journals 186 Hormone content of anabolic implants differentially affects plasma and liver trace mineral concentrations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Caleb C Reichhardt ◽  
Kara J Thornton ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Abstract Forty-eight commercial Angus steers (327 ± 25 kg) were utilized to determine effects of varying implant hormone composition on liver and plasma trace mineral concentrations. Implant (IMP) treatments (n = 12/treatment) included: no implant (CON), estradiol (E2; Compudose; 25.7 mg estradiol; Elanco Animal Health; Greenfield, IN), trenbolone acetate (TBA; Finaplix H; 200 mg trenbolone acetate; Merck Animal Health; Madison, NJ), and a combination of estradiol and trenbolone acetate (ETBA Revalor-S; 24 mg estradiol + 120 mg trenbolone acetate; Merck Animal Health). Cattle were fed forage-based step up rations throughout the sampling period. Plasma samples were collected on d 0, 2, 10 and 30, with liver biopsies collected on d 2 and 10. Data were analyzed with ProcMixed of SAS with fixed effect of IMP. Contrast statements for each treatment vs CON were developed. Plasma trace mineral analysis utilized repeated measures (repeated effect = day). No IMP × Day effects (P ≥ 0.18) on plasma trace mineral were observed. Day 2 liver Zn and Cu and d 10 liver Mn were lesser (P ≤ 0.04) for TBA implanted steers than CON and d 2 liver Mn tended to be lesser (P = 0.06). The Mn response may reflect changes in protein metabolism due to TBA. However, E2 and ETBA tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.07) d 10 liver Fe concentrations than CON while plasma Fe was unaffected (P ≥ 0.75) by E2, TBA, or ETBA. Both d 2 liver and plasma Zn were lesser for ETBA than CON (P ≤ 0.04) likely driven by the TBA in the implant. Implant contrasts did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other plasma or liver trace mineral concentrations. These data indicate implant strategies, and thus hormones differentially influence trace mineral metabolism in feedlot steers, which may have implications for diet formulation.

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110262
Author(s):  
Stacie Summers ◽  
Jonathan Stockman ◽  
Jennifer A Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), foods marketed by age category (adult 1+ years and senior 7+ years) and foods intended for adult maintenance vs all life stages. Methods In total, 112 commercial non-therapeutic food products marketed for healthy adult and senior cats were purchased in the USA. Foods were analyzed for their proximate composition. Trace mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and described on a calculated metabolizable energy basis using standard modified Atwater values. Results Measured iron (median 58.4 mg/1000 kcal [range 15.7–379.0]), copper (median 5.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 0.8–13.3]) and zinc (median 47.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 7.6–128.1]) concentrations were highly variable among cat foods. When all food products – regardless of their nutritional adequacy substantiation method – were compared with the Association of American Feed Control Officials regulatory minimums, 13/112 food products had a mineral deficiency, of which a majority (n = 11/13) were raw food products. Raw foods had significantly lower trace mineral concentrations compared with dry food products and, except for copper, canned food products. Cat foods marketed for senior cats had higher iron ( P = 0.019) and zinc ( P <0.0001) concentrations than foods marketed for adult cats. Foods intended for adult maintenance had higher iron ( P = 0.003) and zinc concentrations than foods intended for all life stages ( P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial non-therapeutic foods for adult and senior cats are highly variable. A minority of foods – mainly raw food products – were deficient in these minerals. It is unknown if some foods with high trace mineral concentrations could have adverse effects as studies are needed to establish safe upper limits for dietary intake of trace minerals in healthy cats.

Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as CaSO4 on performance and reproductive traits of yearling Angus bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Cierrah J. Kassetas ◽  
Joel S. Caton ◽  
James D. Kirsch ◽  
Sheri T. Dorsam ◽  
Kacie L. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Corn Distillers

scholarly journals Effect of sample size on kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrated feeds by a semi-automated in vitro gas production system

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Mariane Moreno Ferro ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Livia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Claudio Vieira de Araujo ◽  
Nelcino Francisco de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Castor Meal

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different amounts of incubated samples on the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation of roughage and concentrated food used for feeding ruminants. Samples were prepared using 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg of air-dried roughage and concentrated sample, ground to 1 mm, and placed in 120 mL glass flasks. Next, inoculum and McDougal solution were added, and the readings were obtained using a semi-automated pressure transducer up to 96 h after the beginning of the incubations. Gas production of the non-fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, bean residue, wet brewer’s grains, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage and cottonseed meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for castor meal and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the non-fibrous fraction reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Napier grass silage, and castor meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Marandu grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for corn silage, soybean meal, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, and cottonseed meal. Gas production of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, wet brewer’s grain, cottonseed meal, and sunflower meal; quadratically ( < 0.05) for Jatropha meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, castor meal, and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, wet brewer’s grains; quadratically (P < 0.05) for corn silage and castor meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, and bean residue. The lag time reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for castor meal and dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, soybean meal, bean residue, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal. Thus, our findings suggest that the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation were affected as a function of the amount of incubated sample.

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