scholarly journals 225 Crude protein-content of fat-free muscle and viscera in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Holland C Dougherty ◽  
Mark Evered ◽  
James W Oltjen ◽  
Hutton Oddy ◽  
Roger Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Free Basis ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract The nutritional effects of variation in feed supply and subsequent compensatory gain can play a significant role in cattle and beef production, due to their effects on carcass quality and feed costs. A system that predicts changes in fat and protein content of muscle and viscera in animals of different life stages and nutritional histories could therefore assist management to optimize performance and reduce costs of feed. A method has been developed to simultaneously estimate body composition and nutrient requirements of ruminants. This method estimates body composition from the difference in energy balance derived from ME intake, and heat production from ME intake and protein content of muscle and viscera, but requires information on protein content of fat free mass in viscera and non-viscera “muscle” tissue. Data from the literature was combined with unpublished data from a study conducted in growing lambs. This experiment tested the effects of ad libitum intake of diets of varying energy density and added RUP on performance and carcass composition of lambs that had been previously restricted or unrestricted prior to a 12–13 week finishing phase, and both carcass and viscera components were chemically analyzed on an individual basis. On a fat-free basis, muscle crude protein averaged 20.8%; this value is in agreement with literature values, which lie between the range of 20–24% and which do not appear to vary substantially with age in postweaning sheep. In the same sheep, crude protein content of viscera averaged 15.6% on a fat-free basis; while data on visceral composition in the literature is limited, these values are within the range of available data. This data is use to parameterize functions describing growth of viscera and changes in heat production over time. This contributes to the method we have developed to estimate nutritional effects on body composition.

scholarly journals 224 A method for estimating the target for protein energy retention in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Holland C Dougherty ◽  
Hutton Oddy ◽  
Mark Evered ◽  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Reference Weight ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract Target protein mass at maturity is a common “attractor” used in animal models to derive components of animal growth. This target muscle protein at maturity, M*, is used as a driver of a model of animal growth and body composition with pools representing muscle and visceral protein; where viscera is heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, reticulorumen and gastrointestinal tract; and muscle is non-visceral protein. This M* term then drives changes in protein mass and heat production, based on literature data stating that heat production scales linearly with protein mass but not liveweight. This led us to adopt a modelling approach where energy utilization is directly related to protein content of the animal, and energy not lost as heat or deposited as protein is fat. To maintain continuity with existing feeding systems we estimate M* from Standard Reference Weight (SRW) as follows: M* (kJ) = SRW * SHRINK * (1-FMAT) * (MUSC) * (CPM)* 23800. Where SRW is standard reference weight (kg), SHRINK is the ratio of empty body to live weight (0.86), FMAT is proportion of fat in the empty body at maturity (0.30), MUSC is the proportion of empty body protein that is in muscle (0.85), CPM is the crude protein content of fat-free muscle at maturity (0.21), and 23800 is the energetic content (kJ) of a kilogram of crude protein. Values for SHRINK, FMAT, MUSC and CPM were derived from a synthesis of our own experimental data and the literature. For sheep, these values show M* to be: M* (kJ) = SRW * 0.86* (1-0.3) * 0.85 * 0.21 *23800 = SRW * 2557. This method allows for use of existing knowledge regarding standard reference weight and other parameters in estimating target muscle mass at maturity, as part of a model of body composition and performance in ruminants.

Effect of protein intake on energy and nitrogen balance and chemical composition of gain in growing boars of high genetic potential

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Rao ◽  
K. J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Ideal Protein

ABSTRACTThe effects of dietary protein (151 to 282 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM)) and lysine (8·5 to 16·4 g/kg DM) on the carcass composition and energy metabolism of entire male pigs, given food close to appetite, was studied from 33 to 88 kg. Four replicates (three Landrace and one Duroc) of four littermates were used. Energy and nitrogen (N) balances were conducted at approximately 35 to 43, 58 to 65 and 78 to 85 kg and body composition was determined at slaughter. There was no effect of dietary treatment on the crude protein content of the empty body (EBW) but the DM (P < 0·001), fat (P < 0·001) and ash (P < 0·05) proportions and fat: protein ratio in EBW (P < 0·01) increased with decreasing dietary protein level. The mean maximum protein retention was 183 g/day. Retention of protein (P < 0·05) and proportion of protein energy in the gain (P < 0·01) decreased linearly and fat retention (P < 0·001) and energy content of the gain (P < 001) increased with decreasing dietary protein. The N retention values calculated from balance data were proportionately 0·21 higher at high protein intakes (509 g/day) and 0·056 higher at low protein intakes (329 g/day) than the values obtained by slaughter. Using the ideal protein system the value for the efficiency of utilization of apparently digested ideal protein for protein deposition (a2) fell linearly (P < 0·001), based on the slaughter data, as dietary protein content increased. Heat production, calculated from slaughter data, was proportionately 0·07 higher than that measured by indirect calorimetry and 0·17 higher than the computed value for heat production using the standard values of energy costs for maintenance and for protein and fat deposition.

scholarly journals Growth, carcass composition and nutrient content of meat of different local geese in Isparta region of Turkey (short communication)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Isguzar ◽  
H. Pingel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Leg Muscle

Abstract. The local goose breeds Kara, Beyaz, Şam, Ala and Tülü of the Isparta province in Turkey are relatively small with body weight at the age of 12 weeks for males-females of 2864.1–2593.1, 2588.5–2296.8, 3004.3–2504.3, 2601.9–2264.0 and 2754.7–2352.0 g. The average percentages of slaughter yield of Kara, Beyaz and Şam geese at the age of 104 weeks for males-females were 71.4–69.8, 71.6–69.9 and 71.0–69.3%. The percentages of breast and leg to the carcass were 46.6–48.4, 48.7–50.2 and 47.1–48.3%, respectively. Average percentages of crude protein content for breast and leg muscle were 19.7–20.1, 22.0–20.3, 18.2–18.0% and 15.8–18.0, 21.7–16.2, 17.7-19.8%, respectively. The content of crude fat for breast and leg muscle were 0.23–0.49, 0.39–0.40, 0.44–0.40% and 0.92–1.41, 0.39–1.31, 0.46–0.33%, respectively. Because of the lower fat percentage, the local goose breeds could be important for a commercial crossbred program.

Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenalee M. Mischkolz ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Eric G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass

Mischkolz, J. M., Schellenberg, M. P. and Lamb, E. G. 2013. Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 445–454. We evaluated the early establishment productivity of forage swards of native, perennial, cool and warm season grasses, and legumes as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, productive, and drought resistant rangelands. Seven species with agronomic potential and a broad native geographic distribution were selected for testing including: nodding brome [Bromus anomalus (Coult.)], blue bunch wheatgrass [Pseudoregneria spicata (Pursh)], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)], side oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)], little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)], purple prairie clover [Dalea purpurea (Vent.)], and white prairie clover [Dalea candida (Willd.)]. Forage swards, including all seven monocultures, 21 two-species mixtures and a mixture with all species, were planted in two sites, Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Western wheatgrass (WWG) had the highest overall plant density and the strongest effect on the forage yield of the forage swards; however, productivity and crude protein content were not reduced when other species were also included in the forage sward. Dalea spp. did not establish as well as the other species, but had the highest crude protein concentrations. This work provides insight into forage sward development at the establishment stage; additional work is required to determine long-term species impacts for well established forage swards.

99 Relationship between crude protein content and larval growth in Tenebrio molitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Kerensa Hawkey ◽  
Jon Stubberfield ◽  
Tim Parr ◽  
John Brameld ◽  
Andrew Salter
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Crude Protein Content
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