scholarly journals PSV-12 Impact of grain processing and undegradable fiber on chewing behavior and feed sorting of finishing beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
Karen Beauchemin ◽  
G Penner ◽  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of processing index (PI, weight after processing/weight before processing × 100) of barley grain and dietary undegradable fiber (uNDF, 240 h of incubation in rumen) concentration on chewing behavior (3 days, video recording) and feed sorting of finishing beef cattle. Six ruminally cannulated beef heifers (BW=715 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 3 PI (65, 75 and 85%; fine, medium, coarse, respectively) × 2 uNDF concentrations (low and high; 4.6 vs. 5.6% of DM) factorial arrangement. Heifers were fed ad libitum a TMR consisting of 10% barley silage (low uNDF) or 5% silage and 5% chopped straw (high uNDF), 87% dry-rolled barley grain, and 3% vitamin and mineral supplement. An interaction of PI with uNDF occurred (P < 0.01) for DM intake, ruminating and total chewing time. Intake of DM (kg/d) did not differ (12.1) between low and high uNDF diets with 65 or 75% PI, whereas it was greater (P < 0.05) for high (12.7) than low (12.1) uNDF diets with 85% PI. Eating time (min/d) was not affected by PI but eating time (106 vs. 95 min/d; P = 0.03) and eating index (9.3 vs. 8.0 min/kg DM; P = 0.02) were greater with high than low uNDF diets. Ruminating (305 vs. 258 min/d) and total chewing (406 vs. 357 min/d) times were greater (P < 0.05) with high than low uNDF at 65% PI, with no effect of uNDF at 75 and 85% PI. Moreover, no interaction between PI and uNDF and no effect of PI on sorting index was observed. Heifers fed high vs. low uNDF diets sorted (P < 0.01) against long particles (>19 mm). These results suggest that when cattle are fed finely processed barley, increasing uNDF concentration of the diet may promote chewing and benefit rumen health.

scholarly journals 200 Effects of grain processing and undegradable fiber on rumen pH and fermentation of cattle fed high grain diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
Karen Beauchemin ◽  
G Penner ◽  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of processing index (PI, weight after processing/weight before processing × 100) of barley grain and dietary undegradable fiber (uNDF, 240 h of incubation in rumen) concentration on DM intake (DMI), ruminal pH and fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Six ruminally cannulated beef heifers (BW, 715 ± 29 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 3 PI (65, 75 and 85%; fine, medium, coarse, respectively) × 2 uNDF concentrations (low and high; 4.6 vs. 5.6% of DM) factorial arrangement. Heifers were fed ad libitum a diet consisting of 10% barley silage (low uNDF), or 5% silage and 5% straw (high uNDF), 87% dry-rolled barley, and 3% vitamin and mineral supplements. An interaction of PI × uNDF was observed (P < 0.01) for DMI, but not for mean or duration of rumen pH < 5.8 or < 5.6 over a 24-h period. The DMI (kg/d) was greater (P < 0.05) for high (12.7) versus low (12.1) uNDF diets with 85% PI, with no difference in DMI (average, 12.1) between low and high uNDF diets with 65 or 75% PI. The duration of pH < 5.8 (14.6 versus 13.3 h) and pH < 5.6 (10.8 versus 8.6 h) reduced (P < 0.05) for high versus low uNDF diets. The PI did not affect total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) concentration or molar proportions of individual VFA, but the tVFA was less (172 and 162 mM; P < 0.01) and acetate proportion was greater (46.0 and 48.2%; P < 0.01) with high versus low uNDF. These results indicate that increasing dietary uNDF concentration is an effective strategy to improve ruminal pH status in finishing cattle, regardless of extent of grain processing, whereas minimizing the extent of grain processing did not reduce the risk of rumen acidosis.

scholarly journals 98 Effect of engineered biocarbon on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and rumen microbiota in beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Stephanie Terry ◽  
Gabriel Ribeiro ◽  
Robert Gruninger ◽  
Alex Chaves ◽  
Karen Beauchemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of engineered biocarbon (EB) on rumen fermentation, apparent total tract digestibility, methane (CH4) emissions and the rumen and fecal microbiome of Angus × Hereford heifers fed a barley silage-based diet. The experiment was a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square using 8 ruminally cannulated heifers (565 ± 35 kg initial BW). The basal diet contained 60% barley silage, 35% barley grain and 5% mineral supplement with EB added at 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% (DM basis). Each period was 28-d consisting of 14-d adaptation and 14-d of measurements. Samples for profiling of the microbiome in rumen liquid, solids and feces were collected on d-15 before feeding. Rumen samples for fermentation characterization were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 12-h post feeding. Total collection of urine and feces was conducted from d-18 to 22. Heifers were housed in open-circuit respiratory chambers on d-26 to 28 to estimate CH4 emissions. Ruminal pH was recorded at 1-min intervals during CH4 measurements using indwelling pH loggers. Data were analyzed with the fixed effects of dietary treatment and random effects of square, heifer within square and period. Dry matter intake was similar across treatments (P = 0.21). NH3-N concentration and protozoa counts responded quadratically (P = 0.01) to EB. Minimum pH was increased (P = 0.04), and variation of pH was decreased (P = 0.03) by 2.0% EB. Total tract digestibility, N balance and CH4 production were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by EB. EB affected the relative abundance of Fibrobacter (P = 0.05), Spirochaetaes (P = 0.01), Verrucomicrobia (P = 0.02), Tenericutes (P = 0.01), and Elusimicrobia (P = 0.02). Results suggest that at the examined concentrations, EB was ineffective at decreasing enteric CH4 emissions, however it altered the rumen microbiome.

PSX-B-10 Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage inclusion rate on ruminal pH, reticular motility, and total tract permeability for finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 457-458
Author(s):  
Murillo C Pereira ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Joyce Van Donkersgoed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Contraction Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Permeability

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration and forage inclusion (FI) rate on dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal pH, reticular contractions, and gastrointestinal permeability for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated Hereford′Simmental heifers (699±69.1 kg) were used in an incomplete 6×6 Latin square (26-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley grain-based diets were formulated using barley silage or wheat straw to provide low or high uNDF (7.1 vs. 8.5% DM) with forage proportions of 5, 10, or 15% of dietary DM. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.10) and eating time (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by uNDF, FI, or uNDF′FI. With low uNDF diets, increasing FI numerically (P = 0.02) increased rumination time (min/d); while, with high uNDF diets, rumination time increased with 5 to 10% FI, but not thereafter (P = 0.03). Mean ruminal pH was not affected by uNDF (6.17 vs. 6.19; P = 0.08), but increased with increasing FI (6.04b, 6.23a, and 6.28a; P = 0.02). Duration of ruminal pH < 5.5 was not affected by uNDF but tended (P = 0.07) to be reduced with increasing FI. High uNDF diet tended to increase the frequency of reticular contractions (1.43 vs. 1.51 contractions/min; P = 0.07) but decreased the contraction duration (13.2 vs. 14.1 sec; P = 0.04). Increasing FI increased contraction frequency (1.39b, 1.50a, and 1.53a contractions/min; P = 0.03) and tended to reduce contraction duration as forage increased from 5 to 10 and 15% (14.3, 13.1, and 13.6 sec; P = 0.07). Feeding high uNDF decreased (P = 0.05) permeability of the gastrointestinal tract based on the appearance of Cr-EDTA in urine following an intra-ruminal dose. Increasing FI tended to reduce gastrointestinal tract permeability (P = 0.06). Limited interactions indicate that uNDF and FI act independently suggesting that increasing dietary uNDF, without increasing FI rate, can stimulate frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions and reduce gastrointestinal permeability for finishing cattle.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

scholarly journals A comparison of liveweight gain of two groups of weaners of different entry liveweight in an ad libitum fodder beet feeding system for finishing beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Gibbs ◽  
B. Saldias ◽  
J. White ◽  
D. Walsh ◽  
N. Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

The use of fodder beet as the primary diet for finishing beef cattle is a recent New Zealand innovation. A system using ad libitum grazed fodder beet through autumn and winter to finish spring-born steers between 12 and 18 months old was developed. Fodder beet is a high energy yet comparatively low protein content feed, and the fodder beet system requires high liveweight gains on the crop and an early slaughter age for cost effective production. Lower liveweight weaners have a greater protein requirement for optimal weight gain, and the threshold entry liveweight for satisfactory performance in this feeding system was not yet established. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of the entry liveweight of weaners on liveweight gain in the fodder beet feeding system. A group of 392 rising 1-year-old beef cattle fed using this system were divided at entry into three groups on unfasted liveweight (kg): A, 290-370; B, 240-260; and the remaining animals. The heaviest (group A: steer n=67, 316 ±2.7 kg; heifer n=45, 312 ±2.5 kg) and lightest (group B: steer n=77, 249 ±0.7 kg; heifer n=19, 251 ±1.0 kg) groups were then treated identically on ad libitum fodder beet to compare liveweight gain across 130 days on crop. The mean liveweight daily gain (kg/ day) for group A was significantly greater than group B, and greater for the steers compared to heifers in group A (0.98 and 0.85), but not in group B (0.82 and 0.81). Mean liveweight gain as a proportion of entry liveweight was greater in group B, and greater in steers. Both mean daily liveweight gain and mean liveweight gain as a proportion of entry liveweight were positively correlated with entry liveweight, but the R2 of both was low (0.14 and 0.05, respectively). Mean daily liveweight gain values of this magnitude are greater than those previously reported for alternative winter crops, and satisfactory for finishing beef cattle in this system. This study suggests the use of beef cattle above 240 kg liveweight as weaners in this fodder beet feeding system, both steers and heifers, is satisfactory for achieving acceptable slaughter liveweight before 18 months old. Keywords: beef production, fodder beet, finishing cattle, ad libitum fodder beet intakes.

A comparison of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Two randomised-block experiments have been carried out to examine the relative feeding value of wheat and barley as supplements to grass silage for finishing beef cattle. In each experiment unwilted, formic acid-treated silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 500 g soyabean meal and 50 g minerals and vitamins to 44 twelve month old bulls for 157 and 172 days in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In addition 12 animals received 2.5 kg rolled spring barley (LB), 12 received 4.0 kg barley (HB) and 20 received 3.25 kg rolled wheat (W). Silage was offered once daily and concentrates twice daily in two equal meals.Eleven British Friesian bulls and thirty-three bulls which were Friesian x Continental beef breed were used in each experiment. They were initially 402 and 385 kg live weight in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In both experiments the animals were housed and fed in groups of four in slatted pens. All animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiments to obtain carcass data.

307 Effect of Feeding Distilllers Grain from Wheat on Growth Performance of Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract The uniqueness of wheat-based distiller grain (wDG) with high protein and digestible fibre gives great feeding opportunities for cattle as energy, protein or fiber source. This abstract summarizes recent research findings on the use of wDG in beef cattle diets. For growing beef cattle, steers fed diets (forage:concentrate, 55:45) with increasing replacement of barley grain with wDG from 0, 8, 16, 24 to 32% (DM basis) linearly (P &lt; 0.01) increased average daily gain (ADG) from 1.09 to 1.28 kg/d and DM intake (DMI) from 7.26 to 7.94 kg/d without affecting gain:feed (0.158). By comparing protein source of canola meal and corn DG in diets containing 60% of silage and 40% of barley grain, steers fed wDG diet had similar ADG (1.46 kg/d) with corn DG (1.51 kg/d), and had no differences in gain:feed (0.178) with canola meal (0.183). For finishing beef cattle, with increasing wDG from 10, 20 to 40% in the place of barley grain of finishing diets, the DMI linearly (P &lt; 0.01) increased from 10.2 to 10.9 kg/d, whereas, the gain:feed linearly (P &lt; 0.01) decreased from 0.172 to 0.159 without altering the ADG (1.74 kg/d). The wDG was also suggested to be fed as fiber source to replace roughage in finishing diet. Entirely substitution of wDG for roughage of finishing diet decreased (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal pH from 5.95 to 5.75 of beef heifers; however, the ADG and gain:feed of steers were not affected. The results suggested that although substitution of wDG for roughage in finishing diets may increase the incidence of ruminal acidosis, this outcome does not appear to adversely impact the performance of the cattle. The wDG can be successfully incorporated to substitute a portion of grain or roughage within growing and finishing diets with minimal or no adverse impact on cattle growth performance.

PSXIV-11 Silage source, physically effective neutral detergent fiber, and undigested neutral detergent fiber concentrations affect eating behavior, ruminal pH and reticular motility of finishing heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Murillo C Pereira ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Joyce Van Donkersgoed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of silage source, physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF), and undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentrations on eating behavior, ruminal pH, and reticular contractions for finishing beef heifers. Six Hereford′Simmental heifers (579±51.2 kg) were used in a replicated 6×6 Latin square (21-d periods) balanced for carry-over effects with 2×2 + 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley grain-based diets included barley (BarS) or wheat silage (WhS) at 10% of dietary DM. Silages were harvested at two chop lengths to yield low (LpeNDF) vs. high peNDF (HpeNDF) silage. For both BarS and WhS, chopped wheat straw was included (5% of DM) by replacing an equal proportion of LpeNDF silages to evaluate low vs. high uNDF (7.3 vs. 8.2% dietary DM) concentrations. Heifers fed HpeNDF WhS had greater DMI (silage′peNDF; P &lt; 0.01) than those fed HpeNDF BarS, but DMI did not differ for LpeNDF treatments. Ruminating and eating time increased for heifers fed HpeNDF WhS relative to LpeNDF WhS, but were not different for BarS (silage′peNDF; P ≤ 0.02). Increasing uNDF increased eating and ruminating times for heifers fed WhS, but not BarS (silage′uNDF; P ≤ 0.03). Mean ruminal pH averaged 5.97 and was not affected by silage, peNDF, uNDF, or the interactions (P ≥ 0.12). Feeding BarS increased the duration (384 vs. 256 min/d; P = 0.02) and area (84.5 vs. 43.8 pH×min/d; P = 0.02) that pH was &lt; 5.5 relative to WhS. Increasing peNDF numerically reduced the frequency of reticular contractions when fed BarS but numerically increased them when fed WhS (silage′peNDF; P &lt; 0.01). Reticular contractions were not affected by dietary uNDF concentration (P ≥ 0.13). These data highlight that at a constant inclusion rate, silage source and chop length interact to affect DMI, eating behavior, ruminal pH, and reticular motility indicating the need to account for silage type, peNDF, and uNDF in diet formulation for finishing cattle.

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