2 A Metabolic Understanding of Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Brian J Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Optimal nutrition is essential to support growth and development of farm animals, and in combination with costs, is essential in maintaining economical animal production. Simplistically nutrition involves physiological and biochemical processes whereupon feedstuffs are consumed for energy and nutrient purposes, and through the myriad of digestive and metabolic mechanisms, provides the energy and nutrients to be used and/or deposited for productive purposes (e.g., bone, lean, and fat). While the individual parts of metabolism, and therefore nutrition, must add up to the animal as a whole, in the long-term energy and nutrients cannot be evaluated strictly on a reductionist basis. Thus, while research is conducted using methods to control outside and confounding effects, it is these influences and interactions that must be researched and understood in order to support optimal animal production in an economical and environmentally sustainable manner. Therefore, understanding basic mechanisms is critical in providing a scientific basis as to why a nutrient, feed additive, or feedstuff may ‘work’, but it does not guarantee such. As exhibited in Dr. Allee’s publications, development of students, and outreach activities, he often conducted basic research from which to use this knowledge in relationship to the whole animal on an applied basis. Portions of this presentation will discuss some specific areas (e.g., lipids and amino acids) of Dr. Allee’s career whereupon research was conducted to scientifically understand how and why energy and nutrients (feedstuffs) may improve animal productivity and efficiency on a real-world basis.

scholarly journals Social and Eco-Friendly Enterpreneurship: The Keys to Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Liudmyla V. Starchenko ◽  
Yaryna V. Samusevych ◽  
Kateryna Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Social Environmental

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion on the development of sustainable entrepreneurship. The main purpose of the study is to identify the essential characteristics and key determinants of success of sustainable entrepreneurship initiatives. Systematization of literature sources showed that the current stage of entrepreneurship is characterized by the transition from the concept of maximizing profitability to the formation of long-term sustainability. Existing theoretical and empirical research shows that sustainable entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at balancing economic, social and environmental challenges. The theoretical analysis of the results of basic research on sustainable entrepreneurship has identified a list of key internal and external determinants that contribute to the development of sustainable entrepreneurship. It is determined that the key internal characteristics of the entrepreneur are the level of his motivation and qualification. At the same time, among external factors, the education system, the availability of state environmental and social policy measures, as well as public perception and support of social and environmental initiatives play a significant role in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship. It is established that the existing empirical research revealed the differentiation of results for companies of different sizes and at different stages of operation, as well as depending on the form of ownership and sector of activity. The results of the analysis provide a scientific basis for further research on the key determinants of the effectiveness of sustainable entrepreneurship initiatives, the identification of the most promising sectors for social and environmental initiatives, and the study of links with social, environmental and economic parameters.

scholarly journals Long-term oral administration of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) extract does not affect the contraction ability of isolated ileum

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Andrej Javornik ◽  
Kaja Blažič ◽  
Nika Šehić ◽  
Tomaž Snoj
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill

Extracts of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) which contain hydrolysable tannins are used to prevent diarrhoea in farm animals due to the astringent effect of tannins. The aim of this study was to establish whether long-term treatment with the chestnut extract as a feed additive affects the acetylcholine (ACh)-triggered contractions of isolated rat ileum. Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into 4 male and 4 female groups with 6 animals in each group. The first, second and third groups of both sexes received feed with 3, 15 and 30 g of chestnut extract per kg, respectively. The fourth group of both sexes received feed without the added chestnut extract and served as the control group. After the 90-day trial, the animals were euthanized, and ilea were isolated and placed in an organ bath filled with Tyrode’s solution. Ilea were connected to an isometric transducer. Ileal contractions were triggered by 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg of ACh, and contractions were recorded. The groups exhibited dose responsiveness to the ACh treatment steps; however, no significant differences in the contraction intensity were observed among the groups at the same ACh dose level. These results suggest that long-term treatment with chestnut extract as an astringent does not influence the intensity of ileal contractions triggered by ACh. Thus, no adverse effect on intestinal motility can be expected during a long-term use of chestnut extract as a feed additive in livestock production; however, further studies in target animal species are needed to confirm the findings.

Long-term energy deficiency in mice induces bone alterations reversed by long-term recovery

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zgheib ◽  
Stephanie Lucas ◽  
Mathieu Mequinion ◽  
Odile Broux ◽  
Damien Leterme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Term Energy

Complex study of the fracture processes in materials and structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Makhutov
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Nonlinear Fracture ◽  
Linear Fracture ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Fracture Processes

The results of comprehensive studies of multifactor processes, mechanisms and criteria for fracture at a variation of the crack-like defect state, loading conditions and mechanical properties of structural materials carried out in the 20th - 21st centuries are presented on the basis of monographic publications and articles published in the journal “Zavodskaya Laboratoriya. Diagnostika Materialov.” Crack resistance of materials and structures has become a key problem of the material science, technology, design, manufacture and service of structures. Fracture mechanics including estimation of the stress-strain and limiting states in a cracks tip formed a scientific basis of the crack resistance analysis Stress intensity factors (linear fracture mechanics) and strain intensity factors (nonlinear fracture mechanics) are accepted as the basic criteria of those states. The basic computational relations for construction of the fracture diagrammes which link the cracks growth with conditions of a static, cyclic, long-term, dynamic loading are presented. Parameters of computational relations are put into correspondence with the features of fracture processes on nano-, micro-, meso- and macrolevels. Prospects of the research and guidelines of further studing crack resistance are discussed.

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Ideal Policy ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

Long-term energy models: Principles, characteristics, focus, and limitations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Gargiulo ◽  
Brian Ó Gallachóir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Models ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Economic disruptions in long-term energy scenarios – Implications for designing energy policy

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 118737
Author(s):  
Kristina Govorukha ◽  
Philip Mayer ◽  
Dirk Rübbelke ◽  
Stefan Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: From Bench to Bed

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Nina Tyutyusheva ◽  
Ilaria Mancini ◽  
Giampiero Igli Baroncelli ◽  
Sofia D’Elios ◽  
Diego Peroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is due to complete resistance to the action of androgens, determining a female phenotype in persons with a 46,XY karyotype and functioning testes. CAIS is caused by inactivating mutations in the androgen receptor gene (AR). It is organized in eight exons located on the X chromosome. Hundreds of genetic variants in the AR gene have been reported in CAIS. They are distributed throughout the gene with a preponderance located in the ligand-binding domain. CAIS mainly presents as primary amenorrhea in an adolescent female or as a bilateral inguinal/labial hernia containing testes in prepubertal children. Some issues regarding the management of females with CAIS remain poorly standardized (such as the follow-up of intact testes, the timing of gonadal removal and optimal hormone replacement therapy). Basic research will lead to the consideration of new issues to improve long-term well-being (such as bone health, immune and metabolic aspects and cardiovascular risk). An expert multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to increase the long-term quality of life of women with CAIS.

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