Participation of Women and Men in Entrepreneurship in Various Countries

Purpose: The paper is devoted to the actual problem of the existing differences in women’s and men’s entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to assess the prevailing levels of women’s and men’s participation in entrepreneurial activity in modern national economies. Methodology: The study dealt with the problem of determining indicator values characterizing the early stage of entrepreneurship; mature (sustainable) entrepreneurship, as well as quitting business activities. The results of the surveys conducted in 59 countries throughout the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Project were used as initial information. Findings: In the course of the research, nine indicators characterizing such stages as start-up and sustainable entrepreneurship along with the cessation of this activity were examined. The study developed the functions that show the distribution of the indicators in 59 countries describing women’s and men’s proportions at three main stages of entrepreneurship. Research limitations: The study had limitations on empirical data due to the fact that only 59 countries were considered. Originality: The attained results have indicated that there is a gender gap among the indicators of entrepreneurship in most countries, which means that women participate in it to a smaller extent than men. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in entrepreneurship presented in the article can be applied in further research.

Legitimation work in sustainable entrepreneurship: Sustainability ventures’ journey towards the establishment of major partnerships

Sustainable entrepreneurship, that is, venturing with the aim of contributing to a shift of practices towards environmental and social sustainability, is an increasingly prominent phenomenon. This article investigates how sustainability ventures orient between dual – commercial and environmental – logics when conducting the legitimation work necessary to secure their first major partnership with an incumbent firm. Specifically, we study multiple cases of partnerships on food waste reduction. This setting is characterised by limited tension between the two logics, which implies that ventures are not forced into hybridity. We find some indications that ventures are able to draw on both types of logic to legitimate their ventures. However, the dominant pattern is that sustainability ventures tend to orient their legitimation work around a salient founding logic. Our analysis suggests that this pattern can be attributed partly to organisational imprinting, but also to legitimation work in this context being inherently logic-specific to a significant degree. This seems to be particularly true for ventures with a salient environmental logic.

Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Light Engineering Industries: A Developing Country Perspective

The study strives to generate deep insights into sustainable entrepreneurship of the Light Engineering Industries (LEIs) from a developing country perspective. This exploratory research has conducted interview schedules with a total of 450 respondents (entrepreneurs 100, workers 350) from 100 LEIs scattered in different parts of Bangladesh. The LEIs belong to the green category as indicated by the environmental regulation of Bangladesh; however, the study has found a clear lack of environmental concerns to its day-to-day practices. Deficiencies are also observed in its value chain processes. This sector is lagging to take environmental initiatives for marketing their products and creating environmental and social risk awareness among workers. In addition to these, the study has found significant deficiencies in the workers' job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment factors that are hindering organizational effectiveness. For the current entrepreneurial activities to be sustainable, this sector needs to scrutinize its product, market, value chain, industry clusters, employee motivation and environmental concerns to its day-to-day operations.

Modelling Sustainable Entrepreneurship in The Covid-19 Era

Anthropocentrism and ecoperiphery are two foundations that the present work used to specify a model for the study of sustainable local entrepreneurship. The differences between beliefs of scarcity and abundance of resources generate values, skills and knowledge that guide the undertaking of conservation or consumption of natural resources. A review of the Human Development problem, the theoretical and conceptual frameworks, as well as the most recent findings about social entrepreneurship allowed the specification of the relationships between the factors reviewed for discussion. Given that the documentary research allowed the discussion of two options for social entrepreneurship, one oriented to the conservation of nature and the other oriented to the exploitation of natural resources and the consumerism of public services, it was possible to anticipate study scenarios in those that the analysis of local and sustainable would start with perceptions, beliefs, values, knowledge and skills that make it possible to explain austere or consumerist lifestyles. The objective of this work was to specify a model for the study of sustainable entrepreneurship considering a review of the literature from 2019 to 2021. A cross-sectional and psychometric work was carried out with a sample of 450 coffee growers. A structure of three factors was found that explained 27% of the total variance, although the contrast of the model is recommended in other scenarios and samples.

Tactics of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Ways of Operating in the Contested Terrain of Green Architecture

This study explores the various tactics sustainable entrepreneurs use to meet the challenges associated with creating social and environmental solutions. Although often theorized as market imperfections, in this study, opportunities are considered as situations that allow things to be done differently within social settings. This approach opens up for research into the everyday practice of sustainable entrepreneurship and how sustainable entrepreneurs strive to find new solutions to counteract ecological degradation. To develop this view, I analyze the different entrepreneurial tactics actors employ to advance green architecture in the Danish construction industry. Rather than place an analytic emphasis on the end result of sustainable entrepreneurship, I suggest that the processes of developing solutions aimed at generating simultaneous economic, social and environmental value might warrant greater attention.

Competence Frameworks of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review

The importance of the transformation to a sustainable economy for the protection from global crises such as climate change is widely recognized. Sustainable entrepreneurs are considered to play a key role in this transformation process as they create innovative market solutions with ecological, social, and economic value. So far, there is no consensus on competences students need to solve sustainability challenges as sustainable entrepreneurs. The aim of this article is to identify competence frameworks that enable competence-oriented education of future sustainable entrepreneurs. An academic search engine and a bibliographic database were screened for documents written in English and published between January 2010 and November 2020 to identify the existing competence frameworks discussed in the current literature in the field of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Education (SEE). The review process led to a set of 65 empirical and nonempirical works on SEE. A computer-assisted qualitative data analysis was used for this review. The data analysis showed an increasing number of SEE articles published over the last decade mostly in scientific journals (69.2%). Fifty-six (86.2%) of publications related to tertiary education. The data analysis revealed three stand-alone competence frameworks for Sustainable Entrepreneurship (SE). The frameworks show an overlap in content but differences in terms of construction, validation, complexity. All competence frameworks were developed for use in higher education institutions, which necessitates adaptation for use in other educational institutions. The analysis of 28 SEE interventions identified in the literature provides information on the reception of the frameworks for competence-based teaching and assessment.