251 Effects of Roughage Source on Rumination Time and Ruminal Ph in Steers Fed a Steam-flaked Corn Finishing Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
Wyatt Smith ◽  
Catherine Lockard ◽  
Caleb Lockard ◽  
Megan Homolka ◽  
Kendall Karr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Particle Separator ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Research is limited on how physically effective fiber from various roughage sources aids in rumination time and ruminal pH of finishing beef cattle. This experiment’s objective was to evaluate rumination time and ruminal pH of beef steers consuming finishing diets with varying roughage sources (corn stalks, cotton burrs, or wheat silage). We hypothesized that roughage type would not impact rumination time and ruminal pH if different sources provide similar dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; average BW = 644.56 + 13.15 kg) were used in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square with 3 dietary treatments and 3, 21-d periods (20-d diet adaptation, 1-d sampling). Steers consumed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet containing corn stalks (CS), cotton burrs (CB), or wheat silage (WS) included at 7% (DM basis) of the diet. Dietary NDF was similar across treatments. Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record daily rumination (Allflex Livestock Intelligence). Ruminal pH was measured using a handheld pH probe on d-21 at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hr postprandial. The NDF and dry matter intake (DMI) were greatest for steers consuming the WS diet (P < 0.01) while CS and CB diets did not differ (P = 0.81). While dietary NDF and estimated physically effective NDF (peNDF) were similar among roughage sources, CB had the lowest actual peNDF, consistent with lower rumination time (P < 0.01) and lower ruminal pH (P = 0.29). This experiment’s results indicate that roughage source impacted rumination time despite feeding steers a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet with similar roughage and NDF levels. Using rumination time (min/d) to determine peNDF was a better indicator of rumen function parameters than particle size measured via the Penn State Particle Separator equation.

308 Effects of Roughage Source on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Rumination Time of Beef Steers Fed Steam-flaked Corn Finishing Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Wyatt N Smith ◽  
Catherine L Lockard ◽  
Caleb G Lockard ◽  
Megan Homolka ◽  
Kendall Karr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Particle Separator

Abstract We hypothesized that roughage source would not impact rumination time and growth performance if the different sources provided a similar concentration of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and physically effective NDF (peNDF). This experiment’s objective was to evaluate rumination time, and growth performance steers consuming finishing diets with differing roughage sources (corn stalks, cotton burrs, or wheat silage). Beef steers (n = 49; BW = 317 + 5.6 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with 3 dietary treatments. Steers consumed a steam-flaked corn-based diet containing corn stalks (CS), cotton burrs (CB), or wheat silage (WS) included at 7% (DM basis). Dietary NDF was similar (P = 0.36) across treatments. Each steer was fitted with a sensory collar to record daily rumination. Weekly ingredient and dietary samples were estimated for physically effective NDF (epeNDF) using the Penn State Particle Separator. Actual physically effective NDF (apeNDF) was calculated based upon rumination time. Neither initial nor final body weight (BW) differed between treatments (P > 0.52); nor did average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake or carcass adjusted variables of FBW, ADG, empty BW, or empty body fat (P > 0.31). However, gain to feed (G:F) tended to differ (P = 0.06) between treatments. The CS diet had the greatest G:F with no difference (P = 0.75) between CB and WS. Dietary NDF and epeNDF were similar (P > 0.35) among roughage sources; however, CB had the least apeNDF, consistent with lower rumination time (P < 0.01). When energy values were calculated from animal performance, the CS diet had the greatest observed energy values, followed by WS and CB having the least. These results indicate roughage source impacted rumination time, although steers were fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet with similar dietary roughage and NDF inclusions.

scholarly journals PSX-37 Effect of forage neutral detergent fiber level for feedlot lambs: Digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Josue Godinez ◽  
Francisco Castrejón-Pineda ◽  
Alejandro Plascencia ◽  
Águeda García-Pérez ◽  
Luis Corona
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Fiber plays an important role to maintain the normal functioning of the rumen in cattle fed with high-concentrate diets. However, the optimal incorporation of fiber in the finishing diets should counteract the two main limitations of this ingredient in fattening due to the limitation in the ingestion of the diet and the dilution of diet energy as result to its low energy content. Therefore, efforts have been made to determine the optimal level of NDF in the finishing diets where the negative associative effects of the NDF are avoided without undermining its role as a functional feed in fattening. For the above, eight lambs (30.50± 4.44 kg initial weight) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design in order to evaluate effective neutral detergent fiber (eNDF) levels (4, 8, 12, and 16% diet DM) on growing-finishing diets in lambs. Experiment had 4 period of 21 days each (17-d to diet adaptation and 4-d to sampling). Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based diet in which the eNDF concentration of diet was manipulated by replacing cracked corn grain by corn stubble. As the level of eNDF increased, intake of DM, MO, NDF, and GE were linearly increased (P < 0.01), but starch intake was decreased. The apparent digestible energy (Mcal/kg) showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) being maximal at 8% eNDF level increased. Ruminal pH increased (P < 0.01) from 5.77 to 6.70 as the level of eNDF increased. It is concluded that 4% of eNDF level in corn-cracked based finishing diet is enough so as not affect ruminal health in lambs. Digestible energy was optimized at 8% of eNDF level.

Effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage selected for varying neutral detergent fiber digestibility on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in feedlot heifers fed backgrounding and finishing diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Jayakrishnan Nair ◽  
David Christensen ◽  
Peiqiang Yu ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Tim McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Tract Fiber

Two metabolism studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of variety and level of inclusion of barley silage on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility using beef heifers fed backgrounding (Study 1) and finishing (Study 2) diets. Both studies were 4 × 4 Latin square designs with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (barley varieties, CDC Cowboy and Xena; levels of inclusion, LOW and HIGH). Barley varieties did not vary in 30 h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and averaged 37.1% ± 1.86% (% of NDF) across varieties. Heifers fed CDC Cowboy had greater (P = 0.05) mean ruminal pH and a lower (P = 0.01) duration under pH 5.8 relative to those fed Xena in Study 1, whereas heifers fed HIGH-silage diets had lower (P = 0.05) duration under ruminal pH 5.8 than those fed LOW-silage diets in Study 2. Variety of barley had minimal impact on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibility in heifers fed barley silage, although high NDF content decreased energy intake. High NDF barley varieties and greater inclusion levels also increased ruminal pH which may improve total tract fiber digestibility in heifers fed finishing diets.

scholarly journals 314 How physically effective fiber affects ruminal pH in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Lourdes Llonch Fernández ◽  
Lorena Castillejos Velázquez ◽  
Alfred Ferret Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Particle Separator

Abstract To assess the effect of physically effective fiber (peNDF) on ruminal pH, 8 Simmental heifers with 258±5.7kg BW were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4x4 Latin square design. Diets were formulated with an 83 to 17 concentrate to straw ratio, and offered ad libitum as total mixed ration. Barley straw was chopped with a feeder wagon, and then processed either by: a) sifting with the 3-screen Penn State Particle Separator to obtain straw particle size greater than 4 mm, or b) grinding in a hammer mill through a 2-mm screen to obtain straw particle size lesser than 4 mm. Treatments after mixing the processed straws to obtain different peNDF proportions were: 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11%. Concentrate was ground through a 3-mm screen and manually mixed with the straw. The study was performed in 4 3-wk periods: 2-wk diet adaptation and 1-wk sampling. A ruminal bolus (smaXtec, Graz, Austria) was orally inserted in each heifer to measure ruminal pH every 10 min. Dry matter intake was individually measured. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS. No significant effects were found in average and minimum pH (6.66 and 5.87 on average, respectively). Time under pH lesser than 5.8 was significantly longer (P < 0.01) in 5% (134 min/d) than 7%, 9% and 11% (63 min/d on average). Time under pH lesser than 5.6 tended to be longer (P = 0.074) in 5% (65 min/d), and shorter in 9% and 11% (25 min/d on average). Time under pH lesser than 5.5 was unaffected by treatment (23 min/d on average). Intake of DM was greater (P < 0.001) in 5% and 7% than 9% and 11%. These results suggest that the risk of subclinical acidosis decreases from 7 to 11% of peNDF, but DMI also decreases in 9% and 11%.

PSX-B-10 Effect of undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage inclusion rate on ruminal pH, reticular motility, and total tract permeability for finishing beef heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 457-458
Author(s):  
Murillo C Pereira ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Wenzhu Yang ◽  
Joyce Van Donkersgoed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Contraction Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Permeability

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) concentration and forage inclusion (FI) rate on dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal pH, reticular contractions, and gastrointestinal permeability for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated Hereford′Simmental heifers (699±69.1 kg) were used in an incomplete 6×6 Latin square (26-d periods) with a 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement. Barley grain-based diets were formulated using barley silage or wheat straw to provide low or high uNDF (7.1 vs. 8.5% DM) with forage proportions of 5, 10, or 15% of dietary DM. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.10) and eating time (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by uNDF, FI, or uNDF′FI. With low uNDF diets, increasing FI numerically (P = 0.02) increased rumination time (min/d); while, with high uNDF diets, rumination time increased with 5 to 10% FI, but not thereafter (P = 0.03). Mean ruminal pH was not affected by uNDF (6.17 vs. 6.19; P = 0.08), but increased with increasing FI (6.04b, 6.23a, and 6.28a; P = 0.02). Duration of ruminal pH < 5.5 was not affected by uNDF but tended (P = 0.07) to be reduced with increasing FI. High uNDF diet tended to increase the frequency of reticular contractions (1.43 vs. 1.51 contractions/min; P = 0.07) but decreased the contraction duration (13.2 vs. 14.1 sec; P = 0.04). Increasing FI increased contraction frequency (1.39b, 1.50a, and 1.53a contractions/min; P = 0.03) and tended to reduce contraction duration as forage increased from 5 to 10 and 15% (14.3, 13.1, and 13.6 sec; P = 0.07). Feeding high uNDF decreased (P = 0.05) permeability of the gastrointestinal tract based on the appearance of Cr-EDTA in urine following an intra-ruminal dose. Increasing FI tended to reduce gastrointestinal tract permeability (P = 0.06). Limited interactions indicate that uNDF and FI act independently suggesting that increasing dietary uNDF, without increasing FI rate, can stimulate frequency of reticulo-ruminal contractions and reduce gastrointestinal permeability for finishing cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of stage of maturity at harvest for forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) on eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed as hay to yearling beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A Pursley ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Tom Warkentin ◽  
Herbert A Lardner ◽  
Gregory B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay (Pisum sativum L., c.v. CDC Horizon) on dry matter intake (DMI), eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed to beef heifers. Pea hay was cut at EARLY (defined to occur when flat pods were on one or more nodes), MID (when seeds filled the pods at one or more nodes and the leaves were changing from green to gold), and LATE (yellow dry seeds filled pods on most or all of the nodes and the pods and leaves had a yellow color) phases, and was cured in the field and baled. Six ruminally-cannulated Speckle Park heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 18-d periods including 12 d for adaptation, 2 d for measurement of ruminal pool sizes, and 4 d for the collection of eating behavior, ruminal pH, ruminal digesta, and feces. For all treatments, the respective pea hay was included at 40% of the dietary DM. Stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay did not affect total DMI, pea hay DMI, or the total short-chain fatty acid concentration in ruminal fluid with averages of 8.6 kg/d, 3.2 kg/d, and 96.55 mM, respectively. The duration of time spent ruminating decreased with advancing pea hay maturity when reported as min/d, min/kg DMI, and min/kg neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P ≤ 0.01). Mean ruminal pH also decreased with advancing pea maturity (P < 0.01). The ruminal DM and undigested NDF corrected for OM pools were not affected by stage of maturity (P ≥ 0.55) nor was the rate of digestion for NDF. However, NDF passage rate decreased by 0.21%/h with advancing pea hay maturity (P = 0.02). Apparent total tract digestibility of NDF (average = 16.30%, P = 0.41) was not affected, but starch digestibility decreased from 96.10% to 93.08% with advancing pea hay maturity (P = 0.07). Overall, stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay does not appear to affect DMI or NDF digestibililty but decreases chewing activity, apparent total tract starch digestibility, ruminal pH, and ruminal NDF passage rate.

scholarly journals PSIV-22 The effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate supply in finishing diets containing distillers grains on rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Cody Ream ◽  
Allison V Stevens ◽  
Gwinyai Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Total Urine

Abstract This study examined the effects of altering ruminal fermentable carbohydrate (RFC) supply by feeding different amounts of corn and wheat in finishing cattle diets containing 15% corn dried distillers grains [DDGS; dry matter (DM) basis] on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-cannulated crossbred heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28 d periods. Dietary treatments were either corn (73% of diet DM; CON), 53:20 corn:wheat blend (20W) or 33:40 corn:wheat blend (40W) as the major fermentable carbohydrate source. Diets were isonitrogenous (12% CP; DM basis). Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH logger were used to measure ruminal pH (d 22 to 28) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 26 to 28 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Dry matter and N intake tended to be lower (P ≤ 0.07) for heifers fed the 40W compared to the CON and 20W diets. There was no diet effect (P = 0.15) on total VFA concentration; however, the duration and area for pH < 5.5 tended to be longer (P = 0.07) and greater (P = 0.096), respectively, for heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. There was no diet effect (P ≥ 0.44) on ruminal ammonia concentration and total urine N excretion (g and % of N intake). However, urine urea N (UUN) excretion as a percentage of total urine N tended to be lower (P = 0.05) in heifers fed the 20W and 40W compared to the CON diet. In summary, although altering RFC supply by feeding increasing amounts of wheat resulted in a decrease in UUN excretion, it also caused a decrease in ruminal pH that possibly compromised DM intake.

Feeding either palm oil or sunflower oil on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bull

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wantanee Polviset ◽  
Nattiya Prakobsaeng
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of palm oil and sunflower oil supplementations on digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x brahman bulls fed on TMR used rice straw as a roughage source. Four, 2 year old crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls were randomly assigned in a 2x2 factorial in 4 x 4 latin square design. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days to receive four dietary treatments; 3% palm oil, 6% palm oil, 3% sunflower oil and 6% sunflower oil. All animals were fed with TMR ad-libitum. It was found that supplementation of palm oil and sunflower oil had no effect on digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP). Supplementation resulted in significant (P<0.05) lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility when feeding with palm oil on the other hand feeding beef cattle with 6% from palm oil and sunflower oil were higher Ether extract (EE) digestibility than 3% from twice oils (P<0.05). Blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were not significant different among treatments. Based on this study, supplementing TMR sunflower oil in diets was suitable in beef cattle without any effect ruminal digestibility and blood metabolites.

Rumen biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on microbial efficiency and nutrient digestibility in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. WACHIRA ◽  
L. A. SINCLAIR ◽  
R. G. WILKINSON ◽  
K. HALLETT ◽  
M. ENSER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Sources

The study examined the extent to which n-3 PUFA from different sources were biohydrogenated in the rumen and their effects on rumen microbial efficiency and whole tract nutrient digestibility. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wether lambs were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets based on dried grass were formulated to provide similar fat levels (60g/kg DM) from different sources; Megalac (palmitic acid: C16:0; Control), whole linseed (α-linolenic acid, C18:3n-3 ; Linseed) fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3, EPA and docosahexaenoic acids C22:6n-3, DHA; Fish oil) and whole linseed plus fish oil providing equal amounts of oil (LinFish). Diets were offered at a rate of 1·2kg/day in 12 equal portions.Total fatty acid intake was similar on all diets whilst duodenal fatty acid flow varied between 101, 94, 87 and 90% of dietary intake for animals fed the Control, Linseed, Fish oil and Linfish diets respectively. Duodenal flow of C18:3 n-3 in animals fed the Linseed diet was twice that of animals fed the Control diet (P < 0·01) whilst animals fed the Fish oil diet had a significantly greater flow of EPA and DHA than those fed any of the other dietary treatments. Duodenal flow of trans C18:1 in animals fed the Linfish diet was significantly greater than that in animals fed either Linseed, Fish oil or Control diets (P < 0·001). Biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 was 80 to 93% in all diets whilst that of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was 72 to 79% in diets that contained fish oil or linseed and fish oil. Apparent fatty acid digestibility (duodenum to rectum) tended to be greater for unsaturated than saturated fatty acids whilst whole tract fatty acid digestibility (mouth to rectum) was significantly greater in animals fed diets containing fish oil (P0·05). All dietary n-3 PUFA sources decreased microbial protein synthesis and efficiency when expressed as either gN/kg organic matter (OM) apparently or truly degraded in the rumen. Additionally, the inclusion of fish oil increased the proportion of propionate in the rumen whilst depressing the rumen digestibility of OM and fibre (P < 0·01), but had no significant effect on whole tract OM or fibre digestibility.

307 Effect of Feeding Distilllers Grain from Wheat on Growth Performance of Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract The uniqueness of wheat-based distiller grain (wDG) with high protein and digestible fibre gives great feeding opportunities for cattle as energy, protein or fiber source. This abstract summarizes recent research findings on the use of wDG in beef cattle diets. For growing beef cattle, steers fed diets (forage:concentrate, 55:45) with increasing replacement of barley grain with wDG from 0, 8, 16, 24 to 32% (DM basis) linearly (P &lt; 0.01) increased average daily gain (ADG) from 1.09 to 1.28 kg/d and DM intake (DMI) from 7.26 to 7.94 kg/d without affecting gain:feed (0.158). By comparing protein source of canola meal and corn DG in diets containing 60% of silage and 40% of barley grain, steers fed wDG diet had similar ADG (1.46 kg/d) with corn DG (1.51 kg/d), and had no differences in gain:feed (0.178) with canola meal (0.183). For finishing beef cattle, with increasing wDG from 10, 20 to 40% in the place of barley grain of finishing diets, the DMI linearly (P &lt; 0.01) increased from 10.2 to 10.9 kg/d, whereas, the gain:feed linearly (P &lt; 0.01) decreased from 0.172 to 0.159 without altering the ADG (1.74 kg/d). The wDG was also suggested to be fed as fiber source to replace roughage in finishing diet. Entirely substitution of wDG for roughage of finishing diet decreased (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal pH from 5.95 to 5.75 of beef heifers; however, the ADG and gain:feed of steers were not affected. The results suggested that although substitution of wDG for roughage in finishing diets may increase the incidence of ruminal acidosis, this outcome does not appear to adversely impact the performance of the cattle. The wDG can be successfully incorporated to substitute a portion of grain or roughage within growing and finishing diets with minimal or no adverse impact on cattle growth performance.

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