PSV-1 Effects of Induction on Piglet Blood Parameters at Time of Farrowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Katharine G Sharp ◽  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Kara R Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Abstract Typically, sows are induced to farrow using prostaglandin followed by an injection of oxytocin 24 hours later. Benefits of induction can include decreased rate of stillbirths, dystocia, and postnatal mortality along with increasing the likelihood of farrowings being attended. Several studies have indicated that oxytocin administration may negatively impact fetal oxygen supply during parturition, potentially from umbilical cords breaking prior to birth, resulting in increased preweaning mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if various induction protocols impact umbilical cord breakage and fetal blood parameters at birth. Fifty-eight primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned to one of three treatments: no induction (NO; n=24), or 2 cc Lutalyse administered on d114 of gestation followed by either 1 cc of oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24; n=13) or 0.5 cc of oxytocin at 6 and 12 hours after Lutalyse (OXY6; n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded, and umbilical cord blood was collected from piglets at birth and evaluated on an iSTAT machine using an Abbott EC8+ test cartridge. There were no differences in total born, number born alive, stillborns, mummies, or assistance needed during farrowing. Sows in the OXY24 treatment tended to have longer farrowings when compared to both NO and OXY6 (5.6 vs 3.7 vs 3.7 hours; P=0.09). OXY24 gilts (38%) and NO sows (33%) tended to have more piglets born with broken umbilical cords than other parities and treatments (OXY24 sows: 19%; NO gilts: 18%; OXY6 gilts: 25%; OXY6 sows: 18%; P=0.07). Piglets born from NO sows had higher base excess, total carbon dioxide, and glucose which suggests that these piglets had prolonged moments of asphyxiation (P< 0.01). OXY24 piglets had the lowest blood pH which is indicative of hypoxic birthing conditions (P< 0.01). There were no signs of asphyxia in the blood parameters of piglets born from OXY6 sows. Therefore, multiple low doses of oxytocin to induce farrowing may be more beneficial for the welfare of the piglet during farrowing.

scholarly journals Effects of induction on the farrowing process and piglet blood parameters at time of farrowing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Larissa K Shirley ◽  
Katharine Sharp ◽  
Ricardo Garcia ◽  
Aridany Suarez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Abstract Historically, sows have been induced to farrow using prostaglandin followed by an injection of oxytocin 24 hours later. Benefits of induction can include decreased rate of stillbirths, dystocia, and postnatal mortality along with increasing the likelihood of farrowings being attended. Several studies have indicated that oxytocin administration may negatively impact fetal oxygen supply during parturition, potentially from umbilical cords breaking prior to birth, resulting in increased preweaning mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if various induction protocols impact umbilical cord breakage and fetal blood parameters at birth. Fifty-eight primiparous and multiparous sows were assigned to one of three treatments: no induction (NO; n= 24), or 2 cc prostaglandin administered on d114 of gestation followed by either 1 cc of oxytocin 24 hours later (OXY24; n=13) or 0.5 cc of oxytocin at 6 and 12 hours after prostaglandin (OXY6; n=21). Details of the farrowing process were recorded, and umbilical cord blood was collected from piglets at birth and evaluated on an iSTAT machine using an Abbott EC8+ test cartridge. There were no differences in total born, number born alive, stillborns, mummies, or assistance needed during farrowing. Induced sows were more likely to farrow by d115 compared to naturally farrowing sows (P=0.02). Sows in the OXY24 treatment tended to have longer farrowings when compared to both NO and OXY6 (4.8 vs 3.6 vs 3.9 hours; P=0.09). Colostrum from OXY6 sows tended to have a greater amount of lactose present than NO and OXY24 (P=0.05). Colostrum from sows with longer gestation lengths had higher percent fat (P=0.03). Piglets born from NO sows had higher base excess, total carbon dioxide, and glucose which suggests that these piglets had prolonged moments of asphyxiation (P<0.01). OXY24 piglets had the lowest blood pH which is indicative of hypoxic birthing conditions (P<0.01). Preweaning mortality was driven largely by a low birth weight coupled with low colostrum intake (P=0.03). All piglets regardless of treatment, displayed signs of stress during farrowing. Induction did not influence preweaning mortality but has the potential to decrease the incidence by increasing attended farrowings.

scholarly journals Associations between piglet umbilical blood hematological criteria, birth order, birth interval, colostrum intake, and piglet survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract A total of 656 pigs (623 live-born and 33 stillborn) from 43 sows were used to evaluate hematological criteria at birth and their association with piglet survival. At birth of each piglet, birth time and order within the litter, weight, umbilical cord status (intact or ruptured) and whether the pig was live-born or stillborn were recorded. A 200µL sample of blood from the umbilical cord was collected and immediately analyzed for concentrations of glucose, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), pH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), saturated oxygen (sO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), sodium, potassium, ionized calcium (iCa), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) on a hand held iStat portable clinical analyzer (iStat Alinity, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ). Piglets were categorized into quartiles based on birth order and cumulative birth interval (CumBI). Live-born pigs had higher (P < 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, and birth weight compared with stillborn pigs, but lower (P < 0.01) pCO2, K, iCa, and glucose compared with stillborn pigs. Pigs with intact umbilical cords at birth were associated with higher (P < 0.01) blood pH, HCO3, BE, and TCO2 compared with piglets born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs with intact umbilical cords were associated with lower (P < 0.01) Hct and Hb concentrations and born earlier (P < 0.01) in the birth order compared with pigs born with a ruptured umbilical cord. Pigs that did not survive to weaning had lower (P < 0.01) umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, sO2, TCO2, Na, glucose, and birth weight, and 24 hr weight compared with pigs alive at weaning. Pigs born in the first quartile for CumBI had higher (P <0.05) pH compared with pigs in the other three quartiles. Umbilical cord blood HCO3, BE, and TCO2 decreased (P <0.05) with each change in CumBI quartile from first to last. Blood glucose was lowest (P <0.05) in pigs born before 44 min and highest in pigs born after 164 min. Umbilical cord blood pH, HCO3, BE, TCO2, Na, glucose, Hct, and Hb were positively associated (P <0.001) with colostrum intake, indicating increased blood values resulted in higher colostrum intake. Although a pig may be live-born, their survival to 24 hr and to weaning is reduced when blood pH, HCO3, BE, and sO2 are lower reiterating the importance of management practices that can reduce the birth interval between pigs and the number of pigs experiencing moderate to severe hypoxia.

scholarly journals The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality in laying geese

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kaya ◽  
B. Karademir ◽  
O. Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Normal Health

The effects of diet supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) upon blood pH, blood gases and eggshell quality during the laying cycle in geese were investigated. Fourteen geese aged 2 yr old were divided into two groups as; control (Group C, n = 7) and 0.5% NaHCO<sub>3 </sub>-supplemented group (Group T, n = 7). After 15&nbsp;days of adaptation period, blood samples were collected every 6 h during a single laying cycle (over 42 h) and the data obtained were analysed for the pH, base excess (BE-B), HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup> concentration, partial CO<sub>2</sub> pressure (pCO<sub>2</sub>) and total CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (tCO<sub>2</sub>). The parameters of eggshell quality (i.e. thickness and weight) were also measured following the laying. No correlation was found between the groups for the same blood parameters measured. But, there was a significant correlation (min. r = 0.946 and P &lt; 0.05) between all the parameters except for the pH in the groups. Following NaHCO<sub>3</sub> supplementation of diet however, there was no significant improvement in eggshell thickness and weight. These findings indicate that the NaHCO<sub>3</sub> supplementation of diet may support the maintenance of venous blood pH, BE-B, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, pCO<sub>2</sub> and tCO<sub>2</sub> levels at the physiological ranges which are required for normal health and production status of goose during the laying cycle.

Acute cord occlusion increases blood ionized magnesium concentration in preterm fetal sheep during maternal magnesium sulfate exposure

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Reynolds ◽  
Elizabeth G Grubbs ◽  
Franklin Dexter ◽  
Santi Punnahitananda ◽  
Tracy A Dense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Ionized Magnesium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

This study tested the hypothesis that a pathophysiologic insult to the fetus that decreases pH (umbilical cord occlusion) produces an increase in physiologically active (i.e., ionized) magnesium concentration. Preterm pregnant sheep (n = 7) were instrumented with maternal and fetal catheters and an inflatable vascular occluder was placed around the umbilical cord. After a 2-day recovery period, each ewe received a 4-g loading dose, followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 1 g magnesium sulfate/h. After 48 h, an episode of acute fetal distress was produced by inflation of the umbilical occluder for 10 min. Maternal and fetal arterial blood samples were collected at regular intervals to quantitate ionized magnesium concentration and monitor physiologic status. Magnesium sulfate infusion increased maternal and fetal blood ionized magnesium concentration. In vitro blood analysis demonstrated that there was a linear inverse correlation (r2= 0.99) between fetal sheep blood pH and ionized magnesium concentration. In vivo, 10 min of umbilical cord occlusion produced an increase in fetal blood ionized magnesium concentration in all animals (P = 0.02) that was temporally related to the decrease in fetal blood pH. Whether this increase in physiologically active magnesium concentration is beneficial (via neuroprotection) or deleterious (via suppression of stress response) to the distressed fetus remains to be determined.Key words: fetal, hypoxia, ionized magnesium, magnesium sulfate, sheep.

The effect of sampling technique on acid-base balance and other blood parameters in the sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morgan ◽  
P. K. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Base Excess ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Intravenous Cannula ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactate Levels

The effect of 4 sampling routines-venipuncture, intravenous cannula, intravenous cannula following the administration of a tranquiliser (xylidino dihydrothiazine hydrochloride), intravenous cannula following exercise-were compared. Blood pH and base excess values were similar after venipuncture and cannula sampling, but higher ( P<0·05) after the administration of the tranquiliser and lower ( P<0·05) following exercise. Blood haemoglobin, haematocrit and lactate levels followed this pattern, while plasma protein levels were similar for all treatments except after exercise, where they were higher ( P<0·05). The recovery of various blood parameters to normal values after a period of exercise was also studied: acidbase balance had returned to near normal within 60 min, while haemoglobin and haematocrit levels had returned to normal within 10 min.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cords as a Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Maslova ◽  
N. S. Shuvalova ◽  
O. M. Sukhorada ◽  
S. M. Zhukova ◽  
O. G. Deryabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue ◽  
Umbilical Cords

The object of the paper is to show the heterogeneity of 300 cord samples processed in the current research. The differences in effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation are shown. Moreover, the recommendations for choosing the method of MSC isolation depending on the value of stromal-vascular rate are given. The data can be useful for selecting the optimal conditions to obtain MSC and for further cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissue.

scholarly journals Direction of Umbilical Cord Twist and its Characteristics – a Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Althea V. Pinto ◽  
Alex X. Chakiath ◽  
Prudhvi Dasari ◽  
Vilekith Reddy ◽  
Shirley George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Placenta Praevia ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Umbilical Cords

Background: A right-sided umbilical cord twist is associated with the presence of a single umbilical artery, congenital malformations and placenta praevia. Methods: It was an observational study. Data was collected from 137 umbilical cords, all from live births and their patient records. The gestational ages ranged from 28 weeks to 41 weeks. The umbilical cords were categorized into right or left, based on the direction of twist. The independent sample T test and the Chi square test were used to analyze the differences between groups. Results: The prevalence of left twist was 84%. Right twist was significantly associated with a larger Hyrtl’s anastomosis (p=0.029) and gestational diabetes (p=0.027). Conclusion: Two previously unreported associations with right twist of the umbilical cord, gestational diabetes and an increase in the diameter of Hyrtl’s anastomosis, were noted in the present study.

Fetal blood sampling via the umbilical cord using a needle guided by ultrasound report of 66 cases

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Daffos ◽  
Martine Capella-Pavlovsky ◽  
François Forestier
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Fetal Blood Sampling

Correlation between Intrapartum Cardiotocogram findings and cord blood pH in term and preterm labors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Rao ◽  
Himanshi Jain ◽  
Anjali Suneel ◽  
Roopa Padavagodu Shivananda ◽  
Akhila Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Fetal Acidosis

Background: The purpose of intrapartum fetal monitoring by cardiotocograph (CTG) is to identify early signs of developing hypoxia so that appropriate action can be taken to improve the perinatal outcome. Although CTG findings are well known to monitor the progress of the labor due to the paucity of recommendations, there has always been a clinical dilemma as the term fetuses respond differently than a preterm fetus. However, umbilical cord blood pH can distinguish the infant at high risk for asphyxia and related sequel. Therefore, because of differences in fetal physiology in term and preterm fetuses, CTG findings vary, and hence the validity of CTG to determine fetal acidosis should be different. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to correlate abnormal intrapartum CTG findings with umbilical cord blood pH in term and preterm labor and thus evaluate the success of CTG in predicting fetal acidosis during labor. Methods: The present study included 210 women in labor (70 preterm and 140 term) with abnormal intrapartum CTG that was classified as per 2015 revised International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetrician (FIGO) guidelines. Immediately after delivery 2 ml Umbilical artery cord blood sample was taken in a pre-heparinized syringe for analysis, pH <=7.2 was taken as acidosis and pH >7.2 was taken as normal. The measured data were maternal general characteristics which included gravida status, associated comorbidities, method of induction and character of liquor, the intrapartum CTG tracings recorded the cord arterial blood pH and the neonatal characteristics such as APGAR score and neonatal outcome. Results: Data from 70 preterm labor was compared with 140 term labor. In this study, 20.9 % of the babies had acidosis. Suspicious CTG due to decreased variability were more common in the preterm group than in the term group (21.4% vs. 8.6% p<0.05). Positive predictive value (PPV) of abnormal CTG for fetal acidosis in the preterm group was found to be higher than that in term group, PPV of pathological CTG being even higher than suspicious CTG. Women with suspicious CTG had 82 % less risk of fetal acidosis as compared to pathological CTG. Women with Bradycardia had 5.9 times the risk of fetal acidosis as compared with normal and tachycardia. Conclusion: Abnormal CTG should be managed appropriately without any delay to prevent acidosis and cord blood pH should be done in all labors with abnormal CTG. However, our findings of a higher incidence of lower cord blood pH and suspicious CTG due to decreased variability alone, highlight the limitation of criteria currently used for interpretation of CTG in preterm labors.

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