Bioavailability of the DL-methionine and the calcium salt of DL-methionine hydroxy analog compared with L-methionine for nitrogen retention in starter pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Zhengcai Yuan ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Huifeng Wang ◽  
Yan Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract Two nitrogen balance studies were conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability values (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) and DL-Methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt (MHA-Ca) to L-Methionine (L-Met) as Met sources fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 42 pigs were assigned to 7 treatments feeding with basal diet (BD) formulated to be deficient in Met (0.22% standardized ileal digestible basis) but adequate in other amino acids. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% DL-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% DL-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% DL-Met, (5) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (6) BD + 0.050% L-Met, and (7) BD + 0.075% L-Met. Increasing levels of L-Met and DL-Met enhanced N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P < 0.01). Using a linear slope-ratio procedure, a product-to-product RBV of DL-Met compared to L-Met was 94% (95% confidence limits: 65 to 123%) based on N retained expressed as g/d and 99% (95% confidence limits: 70 to 128%) for N retention expressed as % of intake. In Exp. 2, 42 pigs were allotted to 7 treatments in another N-balance trial. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% L-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% L-Met, (5) BD + 0.030% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.060% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.089% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of L-Met increased (P < 0.01) N retained (g/d) linearly while increasing levels of MHA-Ca had no effects (P > 0.05) on N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV of MHA-Ca compared to L-Met was 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis based on N retained expressed as g/d. Overall, the mean RBV of DL-Met to L-Met of 97% (95% confidence limits cover 100%) indicated that DL-Met and L-Met are equally bioavailable as Met sources in pigs. Compared to L-Met, the RBV of MHA-Ca was lower at 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis in starter pigs.

scholarly journals 119 Bioavailability of L-Methionine in comparison to DL-Methionine for nitrogen retention of weaned and growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Raphael P Caetano ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Alini M Veira ◽  
Welex C Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Young Pigs

Abstract Two nitrogen (N) balance studies were conducted to compare the relative bioavailability (RBV) of L-Met with DL-Met as Met sources in young pigs. In each experiment, 42 barrows (PIC; initial BW in Exp. 1: 10.7 kg and Exp. 2: 20.5 kg) were allotted to 7 experimental diets with 6 pigs per treatment. The basal diets (diet 1) were formulated based on corn and soybean meal being deficient in Met, but adequate for the other AA (Exp. 1: 0.24% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Met; 0.53% SID Met + Cys; 1.30% SID Lys; Exp 2: 0.23% SID Met; 0.47% SID Met + Cys; 1.15% SID Lys). Three graded levels of DL-Met and L-Met (0.03, 0.06 and 0.09%) were supplemented to the basal diet on top to create diets 2 to 7 for both studies. In Exp.1, N retention (% of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with supplementation with both Met sources. The slope-ratio regression estimated the RBV of 106% [95% confidence interval (CI): 39 to 173%] for N retention (% of absorbed) on an equi-molar basis. In Exp. 2, N retained (g/d), N retention (% of N intake and % of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) by supplementing with both Met sources. There was no effect of Met sources on all N balance parameters in both studies. The slope-ratio estimated the RBV of 89% (95% CI: -28 to 206%) for N retained (g/d), 95% (95% CI: 13 to 177%) for N retention (% of N intake) and 94% (95% CI: 20 to 167%) for N retention (% of N absorbed), respectively on an equi-molar basis. In conclusion, the 95% CI for the RBV of L-Met covers 100%, indicating the RBV of L-Met is not different from that of DL-Met as a Met source for weaned and growing pigs.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of the calcium salt of dl-methionine hydroxy analog compared with dl-methionine for nitrogen retention and the preference of nursery pigs for diets based on the 2 forms of methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minqi Q Wang ◽  
La T T Huyen ◽  
Jung W Lee ◽  
Sheila H Ramos ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of the calcium salt of the hydroxy analog of dl-methionine (MHA-Ca, 84%) to dl-methionine (dl-Met, 99%) as Met sources fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 42 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.0 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 7 treatments in an N-balance study. The basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain 15.4% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% dl-Met, (5) BD + 0.038% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.077% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.115% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of both Met sources linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met for N retained (g/d) was 63.0% on a product-to-product basis (75.0% on an equimolar basis). In experiment 2, 40 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.5 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in another N-balance study. The BD was formulated to contain 17.0% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.030% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.060% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.046% MHA-Ca, and (5) BD + 0.092% MHA-Ca. Increasing levels of dl-Met or MHA-Ca increased N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P &lt; 0.001) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05). Using linear slope-ratio regression, a product-to-product RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met was 68.4% (81.4% on an equimolar basis) for N retained (g/d). In experiment 3, 276 pigs (12 barrow and 11 gilt replicates; initial BW of 7.09 ± 1.1 kg) were used in 3 diet preference studies. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatment comparisons of feed choice: (1) BD (0.23% Met) or BD + 0.07% dl-Met; (2) BD or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca, and (3) BD + 0.07% dl-Met or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca. Pigs consumed a higher percentage (55 vs. 45%; P = 0.008) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.07% dl-Met in Comparison 1, but a lower percentage (45 vs. 55%; P = 0.003) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.0825% MHA-Ca in Comparison 2. There was no diet preference for dl-Met or MHA-Ca in Comparison 3. The observed Met source preference differences occurred in the barrow replicates but not in the gilt replicates. These results demonstrated the mean RBV of MHA-Ca to dl-Met of 65.7% on a product-to-product (wt/wt) basis or 78.2% on an equimolar basis and that a preference for Met sources was observed in barrows but not in gilts.

scholarly journals Bioavailability ofD-methionine relative toL-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability ofD-methionine (Met) relative toL-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids (AA) for 10–20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 gL-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration ofD-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P< 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability ofD-Met relative toL-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6% and 89.6%, respectively; however, approximately 95% of the fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence ofD- toL-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

Effects of supplemental D-methionine in comparison to L-methionine on nitrogen retention, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporters in weanling pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
John K Mathai ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract A N-balance experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that D-Methionine (D-Met) has the same bioavailability and efficacy as L-Methionine (L-Met) when fed to weanling pigs. A Met-deficient basal diet containing 0.24% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met was formulated. Six additional diets were formulated by adding 0.036, 0.072, or 0.108% D-Met or L-Met to the basal diet, and these diets, therefore, contained 77, 87, or 97% of the requirement for SID Met. Fifty-six barrows (10.53 ± 1.17 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and allotted to the 7 diets with 8 replicate pigs per diet. Feces and urine were collected quantitatively with 7-d adaptation and 5-d collection periods. Blood and tissue samples from pigs fed the basal diet and pigs fed diets containing 0.108% supplemental Met were collected on the last day. Results indicated that N retention (%) linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) as supplemental D-Met or L-Met increased in diets. Based on N retention (%) as a response, the linear slope-ratio regression estimated the bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met to be 101% (95% confidence interval: 57 to 146%). The villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum were not affected by Met level or Met source. Total antioxidant capacity or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations in plasma or tissue samples from pigs fed the control diet or diets containing 0.108% supplemental D-Met or L-Met were not different. Abundance of mRNA for some AA transporters analyzed in intestinal mucosa of pigs also did not differ. Therefore, it is concluded that D-Met and L-Met are equally bioavailable for weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals NITROGEN RETENTION IN RAPIDLY-GROWING STEERS GIVEN UREA SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
O. A. Ikuwegbu
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Microbial N

Four calves equipped with permanent rumen and T-piece duodenal caninulus were given four diets in a Latin square experiment carried out at two stages of development. DM flow was measured by dual-phase markers. The basal diet of hay and concentrate was calculated to be low In rumen degradable N (RDN) and. tissue N. Additional RDN was provided by ad­ding 6, 12 or 18g urea/kg concentrate. Supplementary urea did not affect OM digestion either in the stomach or In the entire digestive tract. At the older age OM digestion in the stomach and the entire tract was significantly higher. On the basal diet, N retention was low. The flow of microbial N measured by the DAPA technique was not affected by diet and it was calculated that between 3 and 7g "s/d were recycled to the rumen. The addition of supplementary urea increased N retention par­ticularly at the lowest level of supplementation due to a concomitant decrease In urinary N.

scholarly journals Effects on nitrogen balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids by growing pigs of supplementing isoleucine and valine to diets with adequate or excess concentrations of dietary leucine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong B Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Diets based on high levels of corn protein have elevated concentrations of Leu, which may negatively affect N retention in pigs. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test the hypothesis that Ile and Val supplementation may overcome the detrimental effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance and metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in growing pigs. A total of 144 barrows (initial body weight: 28.5 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 dietary treatments. The basal diet contained 0.98% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and had SID Leu, Val, and Ile ratios to SID Lys of 100%, 60%, and 43%, respectively. Crystalline l-Leu (0% or 2.0%), l-Ile (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%), and l-Val (0%, 0.1%, or 0.2%) were added to the basal diet resulting in a total of 18 dietary treatments that were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. Blood, skeletal muscle, and liver samples were collected at the conclusion of the experiment. There were no three-way interactions among the main effects. Excess Leu in diets reduced (P &lt; 0.05) N retention and biological value of protein and increased (P &lt; 0.001) plasma urea N (PUN), but PUN was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary Val increased. Concentrations of Leu in the liver were greater (P &lt; 0.001) in pigs fed excess Leu diets than in pigs fed adequate Leu diets, but concentrations of BCAA in muscle were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed low-Leu diets. Increasing dietary Ile increased (P &lt; 0.001) plasma-free Ile and plasma concentration of the Ile metabolite, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, but the increase was greater in diets without excess Leu than in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P &lt; 0.001). Plasma concentrations of Val and the Val metabolite α-keto isovalerate increased (P &lt; 0.001) with increasing dietary Val in diets with adequate Leu, but not in diets with excess Leu (interaction, P &lt; 0.001). Increasing dietary Leu increased (P &lt; 0.001) plasma-free Leu and plasma concentration of the Leu metabolite, α-keto isocaproate (KIC). In contrast, increased dietary Val reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the plasma concentration of KIC. In conclusion, excess dietary Leu reduced N retention and increased PUN in growing pigs, but Val supplementation to excess Leu diets may increase the efficiency of amino acid utilization for protein synthesis as indicated by reduced PUN.

Efficiency of utilization of absorbed amino acids in growing lambs given forage and forage: barley diets

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MacRae ◽  
L. A. Bruce ◽  
D. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Research Council ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Food Research

AbstractThe efficiency of utilization of absorbed essential amino acids (AA) was studied in wether lambs (35 to 40 kg live weight) given dried grass and dried grass: barley pelleted diets over an intake range from maintenance (M) to 2·5 M energy intake. Each animal was prepared with a duodenal and Heal simple (T-shaped) cannulafor the collection of digesta entering and leaving the small intestine and with a catheter into the abomasum for the infusion of digesta phase markers (103Ru phenanthroline and51Cr ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid). The efficiencies of utilization of total AA and individual essential AA (EAA) were calculated from the ratios of the regressions describing AA retention per unit nitrogen (N) intake (assessed using the N retention data obtained in the present study and the AA composition of N retention derived during an accompanying comparative slaughter experiment) and AA absorption per unit N intake. These ratios for total EAA were 0·5 for the grass diet and 0·59 for the grass plus barley diet. Values for individual EAA ranged from 0·32 for threonine in sheep given the grass diet to 0·88 for arginine in sheep given the grass: barley diet. Whilst the ratios for total and individual EAA were generally higher for the grass: barley diet the very wide 95% confidence limits associated with these derived values make any between-diet or between-EAA comparisons equivocal. The data appear to support the introduction by the Agricultural and Food Research Council (1992), of a scaling factor to reduce the high efficiency of utilization of AA used previously.

scholarly journals The amino acid requirements of the preruminant calf

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Williams ◽  
D. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
The Mean

1. Ten calves (50–58 kg live weight) were given a diet consisting of diluted whole milk, wheat gluten and supplemented with appropriate nutrients including amino acids but deficient in lysine. The lysine requirements of these calves, which were growing at approximately 0.25 kg/d, were estimated from responses to lysine supplementation of this diet. From plasma urea, plasma lysine, nitrogen retention and apparent digestibility of N responses the estimated lysine requirements were 8.5, 7.5, 7.2 and 7.6 g/d respectively.2. From the mean lysine requirement (7.8 g/d) and the ratio, lysine: other essential amino acids in carcasses of similar calves the estimated requirements were (g/d): methionine 2.1, cystine 1.6, threonine 4.9, valine 4.8, isoleucine 3.4, leucine 8.4, tyrosine 3.0, phenylalanine 4.4, histidine 3.0, arginine 8.5, tryptophan 1.0.

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