scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Bioavailability ofD-methionine relative toL-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability ofD-methionine (Met) relative toL-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids (AA) for 10–20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 gL-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration ofD-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P< 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability ofD-Met relative toL-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6% and 89.6%, respectively; however, approximately 95% of the fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence ofD- toL-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of D-methionine relative to L-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of D-methionine (Met) relative to L-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids for 10 to 20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 g L-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration of D-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P < 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6 and 89.6%, respectively, but approximate 95% fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence of D- to L-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals 119 Bioavailability of L-Methionine in comparison to DL-Methionine for nitrogen retention of weaned and growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Raphael P Caetano ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Alini M Veira ◽  
Welex C Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Young Pigs

Abstract Two nitrogen (N) balance studies were conducted to compare the relative bioavailability (RBV) of L-Met with DL-Met as Met sources in young pigs. In each experiment, 42 barrows (PIC; initial BW in Exp. 1: 10.7 kg and Exp. 2: 20.5 kg) were allotted to 7 experimental diets with 6 pigs per treatment. The basal diets (diet 1) were formulated based on corn and soybean meal being deficient in Met, but adequate for the other AA (Exp. 1: 0.24% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Met; 0.53% SID Met + Cys; 1.30% SID Lys; Exp 2: 0.23% SID Met; 0.47% SID Met + Cys; 1.15% SID Lys). Three graded levels of DL-Met and L-Met (0.03, 0.06 and 0.09%) were supplemented to the basal diet on top to create diets 2 to 7 for both studies. In Exp.1, N retention (% of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with supplementation with both Met sources. The slope-ratio regression estimated the RBV of 106% [95% confidence interval (CI): 39 to 173%] for N retention (% of absorbed) on an equi-molar basis. In Exp. 2, N retained (g/d), N retention (% of N intake and % of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) by supplementing with both Met sources. There was no effect of Met sources on all N balance parameters in both studies. The slope-ratio estimated the RBV of 89% (95% CI: -28 to 206%) for N retained (g/d), 95% (95% CI: 13 to 177%) for N retention (% of N intake) and 94% (95% CI: 20 to 167%) for N retention (% of N absorbed), respectively on an equi-molar basis. In conclusion, the 95% CI for the RBV of L-Met covers 100%, indicating the RBV of L-Met is not different from that of DL-Met as a Met source for weaned and growing pigs.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of the calcium salt of dl-methionine hydroxy analog compared with dl-methionine for nitrogen retention and the preference of nursery pigs for diets based on the 2 forms of methionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minqi Q Wang ◽  
La T T Huyen ◽  
Jung W Lee ◽  
Sheila H Ramos ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of the calcium salt of the hydroxy analog of dl-methionine (MHA-Ca, 84%) to dl-methionine (dl-Met, 99%) as Met sources fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 42 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.0 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 7 treatments in an N-balance study. The basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain 15.4% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% dl-Met, (5) BD + 0.038% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.077% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.115% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of both Met sources linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met for N retained (g/d) was 63.0% on a product-to-product basis (75.0% on an equimolar basis). In experiment 2, 40 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.5 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in another N-balance study. The BD was formulated to contain 17.0% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.030% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.060% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.046% MHA-Ca, and (5) BD + 0.092% MHA-Ca. Increasing levels of dl-Met or MHA-Ca increased N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P &lt; 0.001) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05). Using linear slope-ratio regression, a product-to-product RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met was 68.4% (81.4% on an equimolar basis) for N retained (g/d). In experiment 3, 276 pigs (12 barrow and 11 gilt replicates; initial BW of 7.09 ± 1.1 kg) were used in 3 diet preference studies. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatment comparisons of feed choice: (1) BD (0.23% Met) or BD + 0.07% dl-Met; (2) BD or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca, and (3) BD + 0.07% dl-Met or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca. Pigs consumed a higher percentage (55 vs. 45%; P = 0.008) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.07% dl-Met in Comparison 1, but a lower percentage (45 vs. 55%; P = 0.003) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.0825% MHA-Ca in Comparison 2. There was no diet preference for dl-Met or MHA-Ca in Comparison 3. The observed Met source preference differences occurred in the barrow replicates but not in the gilt replicates. These results demonstrated the mean RBV of MHA-Ca to dl-Met of 65.7% on a product-to-product (wt/wt) basis or 78.2% on an equimolar basis and that a preference for Met sources was observed in barrows but not in gilts.

scholarly journals Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in low-phytate soybean meal for broiler chicks

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sands ◽  
D. Ragland ◽  
J. R. Wilcox ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Total P

A 14-d chick bioassay was conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P in a low-phytate soybean meal (LPSBM) using slope-ratio techniques. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to supply total P and Ca at 3.3 and 10.5 g kg-1, respectively. Three reference diets were formulated by the addition of 0, 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from monosodium phosphate (MSP). Four test diets were formulated by the addition of 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from LPSBM or soybean meal (SBM). The additions of MSP, LPSBM, or SBM were made at the expense of corn starch. A diet consisting of the basal diet plus supplemental methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan was also included to confirm that response to diets containing LPSBM or SBM was not due to the higher concentration of amino acids in those diets. Each diet was randomly assigned to six replicate cages of four birds. Birds were fed from 1 to 3 wk of age. Body weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (FI, P < 0.05) increased linearly as supplemental dietary P increased from 0 to 1.0 g kg-1 for chicks fed diets containing MSP or LPSBM. Chicks that received the basal P level had the lowest body weight gain and FI. No differences were observed between the basal diet and the amino-acid-supplemented basal diet in any of the response criteria measured indicating that the response to tests was due to the increasing levels of dietary P. Tibia mineral content (TMC) and tibia ash weight (ASH) increased linearly (P < 0.001) in response to supplemental P from MSP, LPSBM and SBM. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using ASH as the response criteria were estimated at 52 ± 10% and 36 ± 8%, respectively. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using TMC as the response criteria were estimated at 61 ± 9% and 39 ± 7% , respectively. The RBV of LPSBM was 12 to 16 percentage points higher than SBM depending on the response criteria used for estimating RBV. The results of this study clearly indicate that P from LPSBM is more bioavailable than P from SBM. Key words: Chicks, phosphorus, low-phytate soybean meal, bioavailability, slope-ratio

Bioavailability of the DL-methionine and the calcium salt of DL-methionine hydroxy analog compared with L-methionine for nitrogen retention in starter pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Zhengcai Yuan ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Huifeng Wang ◽  
Yan Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Slope

Abstract Two nitrogen balance studies were conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability values (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) and DL-Methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt (MHA-Ca) to L-Methionine (L-Met) as Met sources fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 42 pigs were assigned to 7 treatments feeding with basal diet (BD) formulated to be deficient in Met (0.22% standardized ileal digestible basis) but adequate in other amino acids. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% DL-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% DL-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% DL-Met, (5) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (6) BD + 0.050% L-Met, and (7) BD + 0.075% L-Met. Increasing levels of L-Met and DL-Met enhanced N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Using a linear slope-ratio procedure, a product-to-product RBV of DL-Met compared to L-Met was 94% (95% confidence limits: 65 to 123%) based on N retained expressed as g/d and 99% (95% confidence limits: 70 to 128%) for N retention expressed as % of intake. In Exp. 2, 42 pigs were allotted to 7 treatments in another N-balance trial. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% L-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% L-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% L-Met, (5) BD + 0.030% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.060% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.089% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of L-Met increased (P &lt; 0.01) N retained (g/d) linearly while increasing levels of MHA-Ca had no effects (P &gt; 0.05) on N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV of MHA-Ca compared to L-Met was 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis based on N retained expressed as g/d. Overall, the mean RBV of DL-Met to L-Met of 97% (95% confidence limits cover 100%) indicated that DL-Met and L-Met are equally bioavailable as Met sources in pigs. Compared to L-Met, the RBV of MHA-Ca was lower at 70% (95% confidence limits: 59 to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis in starter pigs.

scholarly journals 210 Effects of D-methionine compared with L-methionine on N retention, gut morphology and antioxidant status of weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
John K Htoo ◽  
John Mathai ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Caroline González-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
N Retention

Abstract A N-balance study was conducted to compare the effect of D-methionine (D-Met) or L-methionine (L-Met) supplementation on N balance, gut morphology and antioxidant status of weaned pigs. Fifty-six weaned barrows (10.5 ± 1.2 kg initial BW) were allotted to 7 diets in 2 blocks. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD; 0.24% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met) but adequate in other AA, was supplemented with 3 graded levels (0.036, 0.072, and 0.108%) of D-Met or L-Met. After a 7-d adaptation, feces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 d to determine N balance. At the completion of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all pigs. Pigs fed the BD and pigs fed the highest level of SID Met (0.34%) of both Met sources were euthanized and tissue samples from liver, kidney, muscle (longissimus dorsi), duodenal and jejunal mucosa were collected. N retention as % of N intake increased (P &lt; 0.001; 67, 72, 73, 74, 71, 74, 74%, respectively) by graded supplemental level of D-Met or L-Met. However, there was no interaction between Met source and supplemental level for all N-balance metrics. Using a slope-ratio regression, the bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met was 100.1% (95% confidence intervals: 85-116%) based on N retention (% of N intake). Villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum were not affected by Met sources. Pigs fed the D-Met diet had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) total glutathione concentration in liver (4.9 vs. 1.5 µM) vs. BD. However, total antioxidant capacity and concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver, muscle or plasma samples were not different among treatments. Supplementation with D-Met increased glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney (878 vs. 413 and 229 mU/mL; P &lt; 0.05) compared with BD or L-Met diet, however, activity of glutathione reductase in liver and kidney were not affected by treatments. These data indicate that D-Met and L-Met are equally efficient to support N retention, intestinal morphology and oxidative status in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Efficiency of utilizing standardized ileal digestible lysine and threonine for whole-body protein retention in pregnant gilts during early, mid-, and late gestation1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3016-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A S Navales ◽  
Jim Dunn ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Kevin Touchette ◽  
Robert C Thaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Total Urine

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of utilizing SID Lys and Thr for whole-body protein retention (kSIDLys and kSIDThr) in pregnant gilts. In Exp. 1, 45 gilts (158.0 ± 8.0 kg at day 39.4 ± 1 of gestation) in 2 groups were used in a 3-period nitrogen (N)-balance study. Gilts were assigned to 1 of 4 diets set to provide 60, 70, 80, and 90% of predicted daily SID Lys requirement for protein retention (NRC, 2012) in each of early (day 41 to 52, 10.44 g/d), mid- (day 68 to 79, 9.60 g/d), and late gestation (day 96 to 107, 16.04 g/d). Diets contained 3,300 kcal ME/kg and 11.6% CP; given at a rate of 2.13 kg/d in early and mid-gestation and at 2.53 kg/d during late gestation. The 12-d balance period (7-d adaptation; 5-d urine and fecal collection) was based on total urine collection using urinary catheters and determination of fecal N digestibility using indigestible marker. The SID Lys required for whole-body protein retention was estimated using the NRC (2012) model and the predicted Lys content of each gestation pool. Lysine efficiency at each diet Lys level was calculated as the ratio of daily Lys retention and SID Lys intake. The linear and quadratic response in whole-body N and Lys retention and Lys efficiency for each balance period was determined. The kSIDLys was determined from the slope generated by regressing whole-body Lys retention vs. SID Lys intake, with y-intercept set to 0. In Exp. 2, 45 gilts (165.7 ± 13.6 kg at day 39.1 ± 2 of gestation) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets set to provide 60, 70, 80, and 90% of the predicted daily SID Thr requirement for protein retention in each of early (6.46 g/d), mid- (6.05 g/d), and late gestation (9.75 g/d). Animal management, N-balance procedure, data collection and calculation, and statistical analyses were patterned from Exp. 1. In early and mid-gestation, whole-body N retention, as well as Lys and Thr retention, was not affected by the dietary SID Lys and Thr. In late gestation, there was a linear increase (P < 0.001) in whole-body N, Lys and Thr retention. The kSIDLys and kSIDThr in late gestation were determined to be 0.54. The lack of response in whole-body protein retention in early and mid-gestation may in partly reflect excess Lys and Thr intake. Lysine and Thr efficiency calculated at the lowest dietary Lys and Thr was 0.49 and 0.32 in early gestation and 0.61 and 0.52 in mid-gestation, respectively. Based on the available evidence, kSIDLys and kSIDThr do not appear to be constant throughout gestation.

scholarly journals Effects of zinc sources and levels on zinc bioavailability, blood parameters, and nutrient balance of male mink (Neovison vison)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
H. Cui ◽  
H. Nie ◽  
T.-T. Zhang ◽  
Z.-C. Wang ◽  
X.-H. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Zinc Levels

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources and levels of zinc (Zn) on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, and relative Zn bioavailability in male mink. Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet, consisting mainly of corn, soybean oil, meat and bone meal, and fish meal, with no Zn supplementation. Mink in the other 9 treatments were fed the basal diet supplemented with Zn from grade Zn sulfate (ZnSO<sub>4</sub><sup>. </sup>7H<sub>2</sub>O), Zn glycinate (ZnGly), or Zn pectin oligosaccharides (ZnPOS) chelate at concentrations of either 100, 300, or 900 mg Zn/kg dry matter. The results showed that zinc levels increased the AD of fat linearly (P &lt; 0.05). The AD of fat in Zn-900 was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that of the control. Fecal Zn and urinary Zn were affected by dietary Zn addition (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, Zn supplementation increased Zn retention compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The N retention in ZnPOS was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that of the control. The effect of Zn level was linear (P &lt; 0.01) for N retention. In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in groups supplemented with 900 mg/kg Zn (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. There were significant interactions (P &lt; 0.05) among Zn sources on the activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD). Compared with ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, relative bioavailability values were 148% and 173% for ZnGly and ZnPOS, respectively, based on Cu-ZnSOD activity. In conclusion, our data show that the relative bioavailability of ZnPOS was greater than that of ZnSO<sub>4</sub><sup>. </sup>7H<sub>2</sub>O and ZnGly and Zn supplementation can enhance the Cu-ZnSOD of male mink, and mink can efficiently utilize ZnGly and ZnPOS.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of organic calcium sources for European quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3275-3284
Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Alves Leão ◽  
◽  
Sandra Roseli Valerio Lana ◽  
Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana ◽  
Romilton Ferreira Barros Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Calcium Sources

The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and true digestibility coefficients and relative bioavailability of charru mussel, maçunim (Anomalocardia brasiliana) and oyster shells as organic calcium sources for meat quail. In the digestibility trial, 240 quail were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five diets (calcitic limestone, calcium carbonate and three marine calcium sources), five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit. The relative bioavailability of calcium was determined by the standard-curve and slope ratio methods in a growth trial in which 288 European quail were distributed in completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of basal diet with a low calcium concentration (0.166%) that was supplemented with two levels of calcium (0.342% and 0.684%) derived from different calcium sources. The apparent and true digestibility coefficients of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals for meat quail were 91.85 and 92.04%; 91.71 and 91.90%; and 89.39 and 89.63%, respectively. The relative bioavailability of calcium from charru mussel-, maçunim- and oyster-shell meals obtained using standard-curve and slope ratio methods were 133.22 and 119.18%; 140.05 and 113.69%; and 141.73 and 106.22%, respectively, allowing the use of these organic calcium sources in diet formulations for meat quail.

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