135 Grand Challenges in Domestic Agricultural Animal Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Thomas E Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Abstract The ASAS Public Policy Committee (PPC) provides updates of Grand Challenges (GCs) which clearly articulate research priorities while providing science-based information for shaping public policy and enhancing future funding for research and education programs in animal sciences (AS). Among the GCs is reproduction of domesticated animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, and aquatic species) that is integral to sustain and improve global competitiveness of U.S. animal agriculture, understand and resolve complex animal and human diseases, and advance fundamental research in sciences that are critical to understanding mechanisms of action and identify future targets for interventions. Historically, federal and state budgets have dwindled and funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grants programs remained relatively stagnant from 1985 through 2010. This shortage in critical financial support for basic and applied research, coupled with the underappreciated knowledge of the utility of non-rodent species for biomedical research, has hindered funding opportunities for research involving livestock and limited improvements in both animal agriculture and animal and human health. In 2010, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) established an interagency partnership to promote the use of agriculturally important animal species in basic and translational research relevant to both biomedicine and agriculture. The “Dual Purpose with Dual Benefit” program encouraged One Health approaches for comparative medicine studies that use farm animal models that mimic human developmental, physiological, and etiological processes to promote human and animal health, better understand disease origins, interspecies transmission and mitigation strategies, and improve efficiency of assisted reproduction technologies. This presentation will review the successes of the 9-year Dual Purpose effort and highlight opportunities for tackling GC research in reproduction of domesticated agricultural animals.

scholarly journals The role of citizen science in addressing grand challenges in food and agriculture research

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1891) ◽  
pp. 20181977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Ryan ◽  
N. L. Adamson ◽  
A. Aktipis ◽  
L. K. Andersen ◽  
R. Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The power of citizen science to contribute to both science and society is gaining increased recognition, particularly in physics and biology. Although there is a long history of public engagement in agriculture and food science, the term ‘citizen science’ has rarely been applied to these efforts. Similarly, in the emerging field of citizen science, most new citizen science projects do not focus on food or agriculture. Here, we convened thought leaders from a broad range of fields related to citizen science, agriculture, and food science to highlight key opportunities for bridging these overlapping yet disconnected communities/fields and identify ways to leverage their respective strengths. Specifically, we show that (i) citizen science projects are addressing many grand challenges facing our food systems, as outlined by the United States National Institute of Food and Agriculture, as well as broader Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations Development Programme, (ii) there exist emerging opportunities and unique challenges for citizen science in agriculture/food research, and (iii) the greatest opportunities for the development of citizen science projects in agriculture and food science will be gained by using the existing infrastructure and tools of Extension programmes and through the engagement of urban communities. Further, we argue there is no better time to foster greater collaboration between these fields given the trend of shrinking Extension programmes, the increasing need to apply innovative solutions to address rising demands on agricultural systems, and the exponential growth of the field of citizen science.

The United States Department of Agriculture, 1900–1945

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Effland
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Federal State ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
World War ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Law

President Abraham Lincoln signed the law that established the Department of Agriculture in 1862 and in 1889, President Grover Cleveland signed the law that raised the Department to Cabinet status. Thus, by 1900 the US Department of Agriculture had been established for nearly four decades, had been a Cabinet-level department for one, and was recognized as a rising star among agricultural science institutions. Over the first half of the next century, the USDA would grow beyond its scientific research roots to assume a role in supporting rural and farm life more broadly, with a presence that reached across the nation. The Department acquired regulatory responsibilities in plant and animal health and food safety and quality, added research in farm management and agricultural economics, provided extension services to reach farms and rural communities in all regions, and created conservation and forestry programs to protect natural resources and prevent soil erosion and flooding across the geographical diversity of rural America. The Department gained additional responsibility for delivering credit, price supports, supply management, and rural rehabilitation programs during the severe economic depression that disrupted the agricultural economy and rural life from 1920 to 1940, while building efficient systems for encouraging production and facilitating distribution of food during the crises of World War I and World War II that bounded those decades. In the process, the Department became a pioneer in developing the regulatory state as well as in piloting programs and bureaucratic systems that empowered cooperative leadership at the federal, state, and local levels and democratic participation in implementing programs in local communities.

scholarly journals FORECASTING THE BASIC CONDITIONS OF INDONESIA'S RICE ECONOMY 2019-2045

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Arifin Zainul ◽  
Nuhfil Hanani ◽  
Djoko Kustiono ◽  
S Syafrial ◽  
Rosihan Asmara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Series Data ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Rice Consumption

By 2045, Indonesia's population is expected to reach 321.4 million, the fifth largest in the world after China, India, Nigeria, and the United States. It is an excellent challenge for Indonesia to provide food in the future as it keeps pace with the rapid population growth. This study aims to analyze forecasting the basic conditions of Indonesia’s rice economy 2019-2045. The research data use time-series data from 1961-2018, including data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Ministry of Agriculture/Pusdatin, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Rice Research (IRR), Department of Commerce, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and ASEAN Food Safety Information System (AFSIS). Data analysis using the simultaneous equations model approach. The results show that in 2019-2045 the projection of rice productivity in 2025 is 64,465 quintals per hectare; in 2035, it is 68,797 quintals per hectare, and in 2045 it is 77,462 quintals per hectare. In 2045, the projected land area is 27.64 million hectares. Although Indonesia is forecast to experience a rice surplus of 37.80 million tonnes in 2045, the projected rice production and domestic rice consumption level indicate the potential for rice imports of 15 million tonnes.

scholarly journals Exosome-like Nanoparticles from Ginger Rhizomes Inhibited NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation (P06-072-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyi Chen ◽  
Jiujiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Project Leader ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation

Abstract Objectives The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of innate immune responses, and its aberrant activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many complex diseases including multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to identify the food-borne exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) that inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Methods ELNs from nine vegetables or fruits were purified using ultracentrifugation, incubated with bone-marrow derived macrophages, followed by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. After the dietary ELNs with strong inhibitory effects on inflammasome were identified, their roles in the inflammasome assembly and downstream pathways were further examined. Results We identified that ELNs from ginger rhizomes (G-ELNs) strongly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We verified that G-ELNs were exosome-like nanoparticles containing biomolecules including RNAs, proteins, and lipids. The G-ELNs were taken up by macrophages. G-ELNs suppressed the downstream pathways of NLRP3 inflammasome activation including Casp1 auto-cleavage, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 secretion, and pyroptotic cell death. G-ELNs blocked the assembling steps of NLRP3 inflammasome, but had no effects on protein levels of a key mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome NIMA-related kinase 7 (Nek7), or the inflammasome subunits NLRP3, ASC, and Casp1. Conclusions Our findings identified G-ELNs as a new potent agent that blocks NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1P20GM104320 Nebraska Center Prevention of Obesity Diseases (NPOD) Seed Grant and Project Leader Grant, and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Hatch Project 1015948.

NSF AI institute for research on trustworthy ai in weather, climate, and coastal oceanography

AI Matters ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Amy McGovern
Keyword(s):  
National Science Foundation ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
States Department ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
National Science ◽  
Generation Theory ◽  
National Investment ◽  
Applications Of Ai

NSF AI Institutes In 2019, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched a new national investment in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create a network of national AI institutes. Each institute will serve as a nexus of collaboration to create next-generation theory and applications of AI and to work synergistically with academia and industry. In the fall of 2020, NSF announced 5 new NSF AI institutes and 2 additional institutes funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). Each institute is funded for approximately $20M over 5 years to make significant advances in foundational and applied AI research.

scholarly journals 170 Trends in mycotoxin contamination in the united states corn

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Curry ◽  
Erika G Hendel ◽  
Paige Gott ◽  
G R Murugesan ◽  
Ursula Hofstetter-Schähs
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
Feed Safety

Abstract Mycotoxins are harmful secondary fungal metabolites and are of key concern to food and feed safety globally. In addition to compromised performance, mycotoxins negatively impact animal health. Although classic signs such as decreased feed intake and vomiting are known in the field as indicators for exposure, mycotoxins act as predisposing factors for diseases by immune suppression, causing inflammation, and modulating the gastrointestinal environment, even at low levels. This survey presents mycotoxin levels of corn samples from the 2018 harvest and compares these levels with those in previous years. New crop corn samples from various sources, were submitted starting from mid-August 2018, and consisted of corn (70%), corn silage (18%), and corn byproduct (12%). Samples were analyzed utilizing the liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for six major mycotoxin groups: aflatoxins (Afla), type A trichothecenes (A-Trich), type B trichothecenes (B-Trich), fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin-A (OTA). Data are presented for major mycotoxin classes in Table 1. The majority of samples contained at least 1 detectable mycotoxin with co-occurrence (≥ 2 mycotoxins) similar to 2017, and less than 2016. Prevalence of B-Trich has decreased compared with previous years, but average ppb is similar to 2017. Prevalence and average ppb of ZEN are similar to 2017, while FUM has increased in both prevalence and average ppb. Alfa prevalence has increased and average ppb is numerically higher than the previous two years. The preliminary results from the 2018 corn harvest suggest a continued risk from mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungal species, and a potential increased risk of Afla compared to previous years. Because of the risk of multi-mycotoxin contamination in corn samples thus far, multiple mitigation strategies are needed beyond just adsorption, including biotransformation support of the immune system and liver function.

542 Rethinking/reexamining Grand Challenges Within Teaching for Workforce Readiness – a Scorecard and Recalibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Donald R Mulvaney ◽  
Charles F Rosenkrans
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Workforce Readiness ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Relationship Skills ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Employee Competencies

Abstract The ASAS Public Policy Committee (PPC) provides updates of Grand Challenges (GCs; www.asas.org/about/public-policy/asas-grand-challenges) which clearly articulate research priorities while providing science-based information for shaping public policy, and to enhance future funding for research and education programs in animal sciences (AS). In this nexus symposium for 2021, PPC examines previous stated priorities and provides a progress report card and offers additional perspectives and recommendations for research needed to address some of the GCs continuing to face animal agriculture. Among the GCs is teaching for workforce readiness (WR) as the preparation of graduates for diverse roles in the modern workforce has provoked substantial research in recent years. Ensuring new and returning workplace entrants are prepared to enter the workforce with requisite knowledge, skills, abilities, and experiential attributes required in a diverse array of occupations is a GC. Through an examination of the past, present and future instructional landscape, we will examine a gap which exists between WR and expectations of future employers. Expected employee competencies will include critical thinking and problem solving, mastery of human relationship skills and leadership mindsets, diverse and effective communication abilities, influence skills and workplace emotional intelligence. Instructive to meeting the GC are principles identified in ASAS Accreditation Standards for Animal Science Programs. Those standards strive to ensure graduates can communicate the importance of animal agriculture and STEM biology to an increasingly non-ag world. Among the GC of providing experiences are increased emphasis on high-impact programming around internships, externships and apprenticeships layered onto a knowledge, scaffolded curriculum. Use of research methodology to develop and incorporate into practice varied instructional modalities, technologies and practices within a dynamic higher education landscape requires intentional, systematic, and iterative scholarly approaches; which will enable creation of adaptive learning experiences and learning outcomes needed for an ever-changing workplace with its unique challenges and opportunities.

Whatever Happened to Social Indicators? A Symposium

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Andrews ◽  
Martin Bulmer ◽  
Abbott L. Ferriss ◽  
Jonathan Gershuny ◽  
Wolfgang Glatzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Indicators Movement ◽  
National Governments

ABSTRACTTwenty years ago the publication of Toward a Social Report by the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare was hailed as a major forward step in developing indicators of conditions in society into a national system of social accounting of relevance to public policy. The resulting social indicators movement quickly mobilized able social scientists to produce a variety of indicators monitoring trends in their society, and internationally. National governments too began to sponsor new types of social reports. The years since have seen an apparent decline in the momentum of the social indicators movement. Hence, to evaluate developments, the Journal of Public Policy invited a number of distinguished pioneers in the movement in Europe and America to give their individual assessment of what has happened to social indicators.

Up (and Down) The Anthropologist: Dissecting the Alaskan Public Policy Maze Related to Youth

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Kerry Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Native Alaskans ◽  
The University

Since arriving at the University of Alaska, Anchorage in 1973, I have been involved in projects related to various facets of Alaskan public policy. I have engaged in policy-related research and applied work in Alaska ill the following sequence; in 1975, on contract to the United States Department of the Interior to prepare the draft Environmental Impact Statement on human and cultural resources for an oil lease sale in the Gulf of Alaska; in 1976, as a consultant to the Alaska State Commission for Human Rights; in 1979, as faculty advisor and project designer of a National Science Foundation funded research project which attempted to analyze the adaptations of elderly Native Alaskans to the urban Alaskan environment; in 1980, as an expert witness on behalf of an Alaskan Eskimo village corporation in a legal suit concerning water rights. None of these endeavors involved working through so many different layers and kinds of public and private agencies as has the study of "displaced" Alaskan youth discussed in this article.

Current taxonomic composition of European genebank material documented in EURISCO

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo van Hintum ◽  
Helmut Knüpffer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Taxonomy plays an essential role in genebank documentation. It is often the first level at which users search material, and it determines the protocols used in the management of collections. Especially, when plant genetic resources information is pooled in systems such as EURISCO, the European catalogue of ex situ plant genetic resources, problems regarding technical handling of taxonomic nomenclature, such as lack of standardization and low quality of data, become apparent. These problems were studied by analysing the content of EURISCO and mapping the taxon names in EURISCO on those used in the United States Department of Agriculture genebank system GRIN-Tax. Thus, the number of spelling errors and the level of standardization could be quantified and improved. An analysis of the content of EURISCO was made, showing a highly unbalanced distribution over crops: 50% of the accessions belong to ten genera only. Mapping EURISCO on the crops listed in Annex 1 of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture showed that 67% of the accessions in EURISCO belong to crops in that list.

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