PSXVII-34 Targeted metabolomics profiling for identification of novel serum biomarkers in early prediction of subclinical mastitis in transition dairy cows.

AbstractOver-conditioned dairy cows, classified by body condition score (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT) are less able to metabolically adapt to the rapidly increasing milk yield after parturition. Based on serum metabolome and cluster analyses, high BCS cows (HBCS) could be classified into metabotypes that are more similar to normal (NBCS) cows, i.e., HBCS predicted normal (HBCS-PN) than the HBCS predicted high (HBCS-PH) cows—similar to the concept of obese but metabolically healthy humans. Our objective was to compare muscle metabolome and mRNA abundance of genes related to lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue between HBCS-PH (n = 13), HBCS-PN (n = 6), and NBCS-PN (n = 15). Tail-head subcutaneous fat was biopsied on d −49, 3, 21, and 84 relative to parturition. Potential differences in the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle were assessed by targeted metabolomics in M. semitendinosus from d 21. Besides characteristic changes with time, differences in the mRNA abundance were limited to lipogenesis-related genes on d −49 (HBCS-PH > HBCS-PN). The HBCS-PH had more than two-fold higher muscle concentrations of short (C2, C4-OH, C6-OH) and long-chain acylcarnitines (C16, C18, and C18:1) than HBCS-PN, indicating a greater oxidative capacity for fatty acids (and utilization of ketones) in muscle of HBCS-PN than HBCS-PH cows.

Download Full-text

The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1088

Author(s):

Satoshi Haga ◽

Hiroshi Ishizaki ◽

Sanggun Roh

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

High Performance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Transition Period ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Transition Dairy Cows

Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Temporal dynamics of nutrient balance, plasma biochemical and immune traits, and liver function in transition dairy cows

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63153-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 820-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo-fei SUN ◽

Yang-chun CAO ◽

Chuan-jiang CAI ◽

Chao YU ◽

Sheng-xiang LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Immune Traits

Download Full-text

Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007481 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 92-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Kokkonen ◽

J. Taponen ◽

S. Alasuutari ◽

M. Nousiainen ◽

T. Anttila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Increase Energy Expenditure ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Cow Performance ◽

Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

Download Full-text