GC–MS Metabolomics Identifies Metabolite Alterations That Precede Subclinical Mastitis in the Blood of Transition Dairy Cows

Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.

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Temporal dynamics of nutrient balance, plasma biochemical and immune traits, and liver function in transition dairy cows

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63153-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 820-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo-fei SUN ◽

Yang-chun CAO ◽

Chuan-jiang CAI ◽

Chao YU ◽

Sheng-xiang LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Immune Traits

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Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007481 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 92-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Kokkonen ◽

J. Taponen ◽

S. Alasuutari ◽

M. Nousiainen ◽

T. Anttila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Increase Energy Expenditure ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Cow Performance ◽

Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

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Interpretation of California mastitis test scores using Staphylococcus aureus culture results for screening of subclinical mastitis in low yielding smallholder dairy cows in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.10.011 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (3-4) ◽

pp. 274-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F.M. Kivaria ◽

J.P.T.M. Noordhuizen ◽

M. Nielen

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Test Scores ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Smallholder Dairy

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Effects of dietary supplementation of pioglitazone on metabolism, milk yield, and reproductive performance in transition dairy cows

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (9) ◽

pp. 1540-1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ali Reza Yousefi ◽

Hamid Kohram ◽

Ahmad Zare Shahneh ◽

Mohammad Javad Zamiri ◽

Ali Akbar Fouladi-Nashta

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Transition Dairy Cows

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Evaluation of the udder health status in subclinical mastitis affected dairy cows through bacteriological culture, somatic cell count and thermographic imaging

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2015-0104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Bortolami ◽

E. Fiore ◽

M. Gianesella ◽

M. Corrò ◽

S. Catania ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Bacteriological Culture ◽

Udder Health ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Thermographic Imaging

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

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Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in central Ethiopia

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01639-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne ◽

Gezahegne Mamo ◽

Hika Waktole ◽

Yohannes Equar Messele

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Animal Health ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Genomic Study

Abstract Purpose Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis in dairy production. S. aureus produces a spectrum of extracellular protein toxins and virulence factors which are thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of the organism. The aim of this work was to isolate and molecular characterize S. aureus associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in the central part of Ethiopia. Methods A total of 265 lactating dairy cows from various dairy farms in four different geographical locations were screened by the California mastitis test (CMT) for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty CMT-positive milk samples were collected and transported to the laboratory. Different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the identification of S. aureus isolates. Finally, PCR was performed for molecular detection of virulence genes. Results From a total of 265 lactating dairy cows screened, 49% (n = 130) were positive for bovine subclinical mastitis. One hundred thirty mastitic milk samples were subjected to bacterial culturing, and one hundred (76%) S. aureus isolates were identified based on phenotypic characters. Sixty-eight confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained using PCR. The confirmed S. aureus isolates were tested for six virulence genes (tsst-1, hlb, eta, sea, clfA, and icaD) using PCR. Of the six virulence genes screened from all the isolates, only two (clfA and eta) were detected in the isolates. Out of 68 isolates, 25% and 22% were possessed the eta and clfA genes, respectively. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus having virulence genes (eta and clfA) revealed that mastitis is a major concern nowadays affecting animal health, milk quality, and yield. Further genomic study of these isolates will provide broad new insights on virulence.

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