136 Nutritive value of phytase- and multi-carbohydrase-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs

Abstract Objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA) and net energy (NE) value of carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, the basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2g/kg, and a nitrogen-free diet. The multi-carbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to soybean meal and soybean oil in carinata meal- containing diets was identical to that in the corn-soybean meal based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a DM basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% CP, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% ADF, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase did not affect the SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase improved (P = 0.015) the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4, 9.5, and 12.4% respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for pigs to improve the energy value of the carinata meal.

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Nutritive value of enzyme-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs1

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 1359-1368

Author(s):

Jinsu Hong ◽

Jung Wook Lee ◽

Dan Pettersson ◽

Tofuko A Woyengo

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Livestock Feeding ◽

The Difference

Abstract Carinata meal is increasingly available for livestock feeding. However, the effects of supplemental phytase and fiber degrading enzymes on nutritive value of carinata meal for pigs have not been reported. Objective of the study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA), and digestible energy (DE) and net energy (NE) values of phytase- and fiber-degrading enzymes-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated pigs (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with two additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2 g/kg, and in addition a nitrogen-free diet. The multicarbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1,000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to SBM and soybean oil in carinata meal-containing diets was identical to that in the corn-SBM-based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a dry matter basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% crude protein, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% acid detergent fiber, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The DE and NE values for carinata meal were 3,427 and 1,828 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of AA and SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, the combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did improve (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4%, 9.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for growing pigs to improve the energy value.

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Digestibility of amino acids, energy, and minerals in roasted full-fat soybean and expelled-extruded soybean meal fed to growing pigs without or with multienzyme supplement containing fiber-degrading enzymes, protease, and phytase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Elijah G Kiarie ◽

Ilona A Parenteau ◽

Cuilan Zhu ◽

Nelson E Ward ◽

Aaron J Cowieson

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Gross Energy ◽

The Difference

Abstract Indigestible fiber–protein–phytate complexes reduce the feeding value of soy products. We investigated the effects of multienzyme supplement (MES, Victus) on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and minerals in roasted full-fat soybean (FFSB) seeds and expelled-extruded soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. The crude protein (CP) was 33.4% and 42.8% dry matter (DM) in FFSB seeds and SBM, respectively and corresponding values for crude fat were 17.4% and 11.8% DM. Semi-purified diets with 50% of either FFSB seeds or SBM as the sole source of AA were prepared without or with MES supplying phytase, protease, xylanase, and β-glucanase at 2,200, 8,300, 400, and 100 U/kg of feed, respectively. Diets had TiO2 as an indigestible marker and the ratio of cornstarch to sucrose and corn oil was identical to calculate DE by the difference method. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (22.1 ± 0.61 kg) were fed diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight replicates per diet. The period lasted for 9 d: 5 d for acclimation, 2 d for fecal, and 2 d for ileal digesta samples. There was no (P > 0.05) interaction between soy type and MES or MES effect on SID of AA; SBM had higher (P < 0.05) SID of CP, His, Leu, and Lys. There was no (P > 0.05) interaction between soy type and MES on energy digestibility. The FFSB seeds had higher ATTD of gross energy (GE, 80.2% vs. 76.6%; P < 0.01) than SBM. Pigs fed MES had higher (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM (91.3% vs. 87.7 %), GE (87.5% vs. 82.4%), CP (86.4% vs. 82.9%), crude fat (70.6% vs. 54.9%), Ca (63.2% vs. 60.2%), and P (67.5% vs. 63.2%). In conclusions, differences on AA and energy digestibility in soy products could be linked to processing and compositional differences. Although MES had no effect on SID of AA, the effects on the utilization of minerals and energy demonstrated the value of fiber-degrading enzymes, protease, and phytase in improving the nutritive value of soy products independent of processing.

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Nutritive value of wheat concentrated distillers solubles in diets for growing pigs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14169 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 729

Author(s):

P. Rosenfelder ◽

M. Eklund ◽

H. K. Spindler ◽

U. Messerschmidt ◽

C. Potthast ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Energy Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

The Difference

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the nutritive value of wheat-derived wet concentrated distillers solubles (CDS) for growing pigs. In Exp. 1, standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) was determined by the difference method, using six ileally cannulated barrows (initial bodyweight (BW) of 31 ± 2.9 kg). The pigs were fed a casein-corn starch-based diet supplemented with wheat CDS so that about half of the crude protein (CP) originated from either wheat CDS or from casein. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an initial BW of 17 ± 0.9 kg were used to determine digestible energy (DE) content, and to calculate metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) content of wheat CDS. Animals were fed either a casein-corn starch-based basal diet or a CDS diet containing 470 g/kg of the basal diet and 530 g/kg wheat CDS on a dry matter (DM) basis. Values of SID of CP and AA in Exp. 1 amounted to 85, 74, 83 and 70% for CP, lysine, methionine and threonine, respectively. The DE, ME and NE contents of wheat CDS were 16.8, 15.8 and 11.1 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It can be concluded that SID of CP and AA and also the energy content in wheat CDS are substantially higher than corresponding values reported in international tables with information on nutritional value of dried co-products of bioethanol production.

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Physiochemical characterization and energy contents of novel corn ethanol co-product streams, with and without inclusion of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend, for growing pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0144 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Melanie Boucher ◽

Cuilan Zhu ◽

Sheena Holt ◽

Lee-Anne Huber

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Latin Square ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Water Binding ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Distillers Grain

The physiochemical properties and digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents in high-protein dried distillers’ grain (HiPro) were determined to assess the nutritive value for growing pigs. Twelve Yorkshire × Landrace barrows (initial body weight 25 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a partially replicated Latin square design over three periods (n = 7 or 8) and assigned to one of five experimental diets. In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 d, followed by 5 d of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The experimental diets included a corn- and soybean-meal-based diet (CON) or diets containing dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) or HiPro to partially replace corn and soybean meal, without or with (i.e., DDGS+ and Hipro+) a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend (0.05% inclusion). The HiPro ingredient contained half as much starch (2.6% vs. 5.2%; DM-basis), 20% more protein (32.5% vs. 27.1%), and had 14% greater water binding capacity versus DDGS. The digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents of the HiPro co-product were greater than DDGS for growing pigs (P < 0.05), but fibre-degrading enzymes were ineffective at improving energy values. The greater (available) energy and protein contents of HiPro make it a promising feed ingredient for inclusion in swine diets.

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PSIII-1 Nutritive value of expeller-pressed carinata cake for pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 171-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tofuko A Woyengo

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Direct Method ◽

Latin Square ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Energy Value ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Livestock Feeding ◽

Net Energy Value

Abstract Carinata (Brasicca carinata) is an oilseed crop of brassica family that is grown for production of oil for biofuel industry. Expeller-pressed carinata cake (EPCAR), a co-product from carinata seed oil extraction plants, is available for livestock feeding. However, nutritive value of EPCAR for pigs has not been reported. Objective of this study was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value of EPCAR for growing pigs. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 33 kg) were fed 3 diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 2 added columns to give 8 replicates/diet. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing expeller-pressed canola cake (EPCAN) or EPCAR as sole protein source, and N-free. The EPCAN was included in the study for comparison because it is derived from canola, which is the most widely used crop of Brassica family for oil production. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in EPCAN and EPCAR was determined by difference from the N-free diet. On DM basis, EPCAN and EPCAR contained 39.6 and 50.2% CP, 20.7 and 26.8% NDF, 16.0 and 0.88% ether extract, 2.32 and 1.82% lysine, 0.74 and 0.96% methionine, 1.63 and 1.89% threonine, and 0.50 and 0.64% tryptophan, respectively. The EPCAN compared with EPCAR, had greater (PPP = 0.078) in SID of threonine. The EPCAN had greater (P < 0.05) net energy value than EPCAN (2,082 vs. 1,576 kcal/kg DM). In conclusion, EPCAR lower energy value than EPCAN. However, EPCAR had greater SID of most AA than EPCAN; therefore, EPCAR can serve as alternative oilseed co-product feedstuff for pigs.

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Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia-Cheng Yang ◽

Li Wang ◽

Ya-Kuan Huang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Rui Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Distal Ileum ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

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PSIV-B-28 Effect of feeding acidified or fermented barley grain using Limosilactobacillus reuteri with or without supplemental phytase on diet nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 391-392

Author(s):

Charlotte M E Heyer ◽

Li F Wang ◽

Eduardo Beltranena ◽

Michael G Gänzle ◽

Ruurd T T Zijlstra

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Net Energy ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Abstract Fermentation of cereal grains may degrade myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) thereby increasing nutrient digestibility. Effects of chemical acidification or fermentation with Limosilactobacillus (Lm.) reuteri TMW 1.656 with or without phytase on nutrient digestibility of diets composed of high β-glucan hull-less barley grain were assessed in growing pigs. Four mash diets contained 50% barley grain: 1) unfermented barley (Control); 2) chemically-acidified barley (ACD) with lactic and acidic acid [0.02 L/kg barley grain, 4:1 (v/v)]; 3) barley fermented with Lm. reuteri (Fermented without phytase); and 4) barley fermented with Lm. reuteri and phytase (Fermented with phytase; 500 FYT/kg barley grain). The 4 diets were fed to 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW, 17.4 kg) for four 11-d periods in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. The InsP6 content of barley grain in Control, ACD, Fermented without phytase, or Fermented with phytase was 1.12, 0.59, 0.52% dry matter, or not detectable, respectively. Diet apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP), Ca, gross energy and digestible energy and predicted net energy values were greater (P < 0.05) for ACD and Fermented without phytase than Control. Diet apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for Fermented without phytase than Control. Diet STTD of P, AID and ATTD of Ca was greater (P < 0.05) for Fermented with phytase than Fermented without phytase. Acidification or fermentation with/without phytase did not affect diet standardized ileal digestibility of CP and AA. In conclusion, fermentation with phytase completely degraded InsP6 in barley grain and maximized P and Ca digestibility, thereby reducing the need to provide inorganic P to meet P requirements of growing pigs.

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Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

Animal Bioscience ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 109-118

Author(s):

Zhongchao Li ◽

Zhiqian Lyu ◽

Hu Liu ◽

Dewen Liu ◽

Neil Jaworski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Energy Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Gross Energy

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs.Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW0.6/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP).Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW0.6/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)–25.24 (n = 8, R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)–0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R2 = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable.Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

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Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Diego A Rodriguez ◽

Su A Lee ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Limited Information ◽

Total Dietary Fiber ◽

Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P < 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.

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Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal, blood meal, and soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2017-0217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 860-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D.M.D.L. Navarro ◽

J.K. Mathai ◽

N.W. Jaworski ◽

H.H. Stein

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Blood Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Ileal Digestibility

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) by growing pigs was determined in blood meal and six sources of meat and bone meal (MBM). Eighteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 69.3 ± 4.4 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 4 × 9 incomplete Latin square design with four periods and nine diets, giving eight replications per diet. One diet included 33% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole source of AA. Seven diets contained 9% blood meal or 9% of one of the six sources of MBM and 22% SBM as the only AA containing ingredients. The last diet was a nitrogen (N) free diet. Results indicated that the SID of all AAs were different (P < 0.05) among the six sources of MBM, but the SID of lysine (Lys) could not be predicted from the ratio between Lys and crude protein. For some, but not all AAs, the average SID in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than in blood meal, but for most AAs the SID in MBM was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. It is concluded that, as is the case for most other co-products, differences in concentration and SID of AAs among sources of MBM exist.

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