scholarly journals PSXII-9 Complete feed versus concentrate and straw fed separately: effect on feed intake, sorting, animal behavior, and rumen pH and digestibility in crossbred Angus bulls fed high-concentrate diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Sandra Genis ◽  
Marçal Verdú ◽  
Jordi Cucurull ◽  
Maria Devant
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Size Sorting ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Twenty-one crossbred Angus bulls (497 ± 7.7 kg of BW and 324 ± 3.0 d of age) were housed individually to evaluate the effect feeding method on feed intake, sorting, animal behavior, and digestibility. Dietary treatments, offered ad libitum, were: complete feed of pellet (concentrate) mixed with chopped straw (5 cm length; TMR); pellet and chopped straw (5 cm length; SS); pellet and long unprocessed straw (15–20 cm length; LS). In SS and LS straw and concentrate were fed separate feeders. Feed intake, fecal and bloat scoring were recorded daily. Behavior (scan sampling), BW, and TMR particle size sorting were recorded fortnightly. Total tract apparent digestibility (day 14 and 35) and rumen pH and VFA samples via rumenocentesis (day 28 and 42) were analyzed. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model. No differences in concentrate and straw intake, fecal and bloat scoring among treatments were observed. The straw to concentrate ratio did not differ between SS and LS (8 to 92), and was smaller than the ratio fixed in TMR (15 to 85). TMR bulls sorted (P < 0.05) particles with a size between 1.7 and 4 mm. Treatment did not affect rumination time. TMR showed (P < 0.05) more oral non-nutritive behaviors than SS. Rumen pH was greater (P < 0.01) in TMR than in SS and LS, although it was above 5.6 in all treatments. Rumen acetate to propionate ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in TMR than in SS and LS. LS bulls had greater DM (P < 0.05) and CP (P < 0.01) digestibility compared with SS or TMR bulls. Feeding concentrate and straw (short or long) separately does not increase the risk of rumen acidosis compared with TMR, and feeding long straw separately from the concentrate improves the total tract apparent DM and CP digestibility.

scholarly journals PSVII-20 Supplementing pHix-Up® to feedlot cattle consuming a corn-based finishing diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Rodrigo Souza ◽  
Julie Duclos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Buffering Agent ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This experiment evaluated the inclusion of a rumen-buffering agent on performance and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Angus-influenced steers and heifers (n = 64 animals/sex) were ranked by sex and body weight (BW) into 1 or 16 drylot pens. Pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn-based diet without (CON = 8 pens) or with the inclusion (SUPP = 8 pens) of pHix-Up® (magnesium-based product; Timab, Dinard, France) at 0.50% of diet dry matter. Both dietary treatments contained monensin Na (360 mg animal/daily) but did not contain tylosin. Two animals per pen were equipped with an intraruminal bolus (smaXtec Premium Bolus, smaXtec Animal Care GmbH, Graz, Austria) that recorded pH every 15 min. Cattle received treatments for 128 d until slaughter. No differences (P ≥ 0.22) between SUPP and CON cattle were noted for BW gain (0.93 vs. 0.97 kg/d, respectively), feed intake (7.51 vs. 7.78 kg/animal daily, respectively), or feed efficiency (0.121 vs. 0.125 kg/kg, respectively). Rumen pH was greater in SUPP vs. CON cattle during 33% of the time (e.g. 6 h of the day; mean pH of 5.87 vs. 5.80, respectively). No treatment differences were noted (P ≥ 0.12) for carcass merit. Incidence of cattle with liver abscess upon slaughter was greater in CON vs. SUPP (16.4 vs. 4.7%, respectively), including incidence of severe liver abscess (A+; 8.2 vs. 0.0%, respectively). These results indicate that pHix-Up® inclusion into a corn-based finishing diet improved rumen pH without benefiting cattle productive responses. It should be noted that average temperature-humidity index during this experiment was 78, which hindered feed intake and potential benefits of pHix-Up® to rumen pH and cattle performance. Nonetheless, pHix-Up® inclusion substantially reduced the incidence of liver abscess, resulting no severe diagnoses. Hence, additional research is warranted to further explore the benefits of pHix-Up® to feedlot cattle.

Dietary ratios of maize silage to lucerne hay affect feed intake, chewing activity and milk production of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akbari-Afjani ◽  
A. Zali ◽  
M. Gangkhanlou ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
S. M. Nasrollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Chewing Activity

The present study investigated the effects of substitution of chopped lucerne hay (LH) for maize silage on feed intake, rumen pH and fermentation, digestibility, milk production and feed efficiency of dairy cows. Fifteen Holstein dairy cows in early lactation (37 ± 10 days in milk) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The experiment lasted for 80 days, with 10 days of adaptation and 70 days of data collection. Treatment diets consisted of 60% concentrate and 40% forage, comprising 30 : 10 (MS30), 20 : 20 (MS20) or 10 : 30 (MS10) of maize silage (MS) to LH ratio (MS : LH). Cows were fed ad libitum as total mixed ration. Water was added daily to adjust the moisture content of the feed to be similar across diets. Decreasing the ratio of MS : LH resulted in linear and quadratic decreases of DM intake and physically effective neutral detergent fibre, without affecting apparent digestibility in the total digestive tract. Decreasing MS : LH also linearly reduced total chewing time and tended to reduced chewing index (min/kg DM intake), but had limited effects on rumen pH and fermentation characteristics. Increasing the substitution of LH for MS decreased milk production (33.1, 31.7, and 29.8 kg/day for MS30, MS20, and MS10, respectively), and tended (P = 0.06) to decrease 4% fat-corrected milk and fat yield. However, milk content of protein (2.70%, 2.77% and 2.77%) and fat improved, and tended to improve by decreasing the MS : LH ratio, respectively. The efficiency of milk production, expressed as either milk yield/kg DM intake or 4% fat-corrected milk/kg DM intake, was not affected by the treatments. Results indicated that under the current feeding conditions, decreasing the ratio of MS : LH was not recommended to maintain milk production and DM intake.

scholarly journals MegaLMM: Mega-scale linear mixed models for genomic predictions with thousands of traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Runcie ◽  
Jiayi Qu ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Lorin Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Genetic Value

AbstractLarge-scale phenotype data can enhance the power of genomic prediction in plant and animal breeding, as well as human genetics. However, the statistical foundation of multi-trait genomic prediction is based on the multivariate linear mixed effect model, a tool notorious for its fragility when applied to more than a handful of traits. We present , a statistical framework and associated software package for mixed model analyses of a virtually unlimited number of traits. Using three examples with real plant data, we show that can leverage thousands of traits at once to significantly improve genetic value prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals Ghost QTL and hotspots in experimental crosses: novel approach for modeling polygenic effects

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Wallin ◽  
Małgorzata Bogdan ◽  
Piotr A Szulc ◽  
R W Doerge ◽  
David O Siegmund
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Multiple Qtl ◽  
Sample Correlation ◽  
False Discoveries

Abstract Ghost quantitative trait loci (QTL) are the false discoveries in QTL mapping, that arise due to the “accumulation” of the polygenic effects, uniformly distributed over the genome. The locations on the chromosome that are strongly correlated with the total of the polygenic effects depend on a specific sample correlation structure determined by the genotypes at all loci. The problem is particularly severe when the same genotypes are used to study multiple QTL, e.g. using recombinant inbred lines or studying the expression QTL. In this case, the ghost QTL phenomenon can lead to false hotspots, where multiple QTL show apparent linkage to the same locus. We illustrate the problem using the classic backcross design and suggest that it can be solved by the application of the extended mixed effect model, where the random effects are allowed to have a nonzero mean. We provide formulas for estimating the thresholds for the corresponding t-test statistics and use them in the stepwise selection strategy, which allows for a simultaneous detection of several QTL. Extensive simulation studies illustrate that our approach eliminates ghost QTL/false hotspots, while preserving a high power of true QTL detection.

scholarly journals Altered speech patterns in subjects with post-traumatic headache due to mild traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D. Chong ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Teresa Wu ◽  
Gina Dumkrieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background/objective Changes in speech can be detected objectively before and during migraine attacks. The goal of this study was to interrogate whether speech changes can be detected in subjects with post-traumatic headache (PTH) attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whether there are within-subject changes in speech during headaches compared to the headache-free state. Methods Using a series of speech elicitation tasks uploaded via a mobile application, PTH subjects and healthy controls (HC) provided speech samples once every 3 days, over a period of 12 weeks. The following speech parameters were assessed: vowel space area, vowel articulation precision, consonant articulation precision, average pitch, pitch variance, speaking rate and pause rate. Speech samples of subjects with PTH were compared to HC. To assess speech changes associated with PTH, speech samples of subjects during headache were compared to speech samples when subjects were headache-free. All analyses were conducted using a mixed-effect model design. Results Longitudinal speech samples were collected from nineteen subjects with PTH (mean age = 42.5, SD = 13.7) who were an average of 14 days (SD = 32.2) from their mTBI at the time of enrollment and thirty-one HC (mean age = 38.7, SD = 12.5). Regardless of headache presence or absence, PTH subjects had longer pause rates and reductions in vowel and consonant articulation precision relative to HC. On days when speech was collected during a headache, there were longer pause rates, slower sentence speaking rates and less precise consonant articulation compared to the speech production of HC. During headache, PTH subjects had slower speaking rates yet more precise vowel articulation compared to when they were headache-free. Conclusions Compared to HC, subjects with acute PTH demonstrate altered speech as measured by objective features of speech production. For individuals with PTH, speech production may have been more effortful resulting in slower speaking rates and more precise vowel articulation during headache vs. when they were headache-free, suggesting that speech alterations were related to PTH and not solely due to the underlying mTBI.

scholarly journals 269 Effects of high phytase supplementation in lactation diets on sow and litter performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderon Cartagena ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing phytase concentration in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FYT/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD calcium (0.90% total Ca). The same STTD P and Ca concentrations were formulated for the phytase diets considering a release of 0.132 STTD P and 0.094 STTD Ca in both diets. Diets were fed from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 18 ± 2). Litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 48 h post-farrowing to equalize litter size. Linear and quadratic response to phytase concentration was evaluated using the lmer function in R. There was no evidence for difference in sow body weight change, farrowing performance, wean-to-estrus interval, or litter size among dietary treatments. Sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning tended to increase (linear, P=0.093) as phytase increased. Although not significant (linear, P =0.226), farrowing duration decreased as phytase increased. Litter weaning weight increased (quadratic, P=0.039) and overall litter gain increased (quadratic, P=0.047) with 1,000 FYT of phytase. In summary, sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing phytase; however, feeding 1,000 FYT/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight. This small-scale study suggests sow and litter performance benefits due to high inclusions of dietary phytase; however, a commercial trial with more sows is warranted to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Martire ◽  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Agnes S. Bali ◽  
Bronte Montgomery-Farrer ◽  
Stephanie Summersby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractPast research suggests that an uncritical or ‘lazy’ style of evaluating evidence may play a role in the development and maintenance of implausible beliefs. We examine this possibility by using a quasi-experimental design to compare how low- and high-quality evidence is evaluated by those who do and do not endorse implausible claims. Seven studies conducted during 2019–2020 provided the data for this analysis (N = 746). Each of the seven primary studies presented participants with high- and/or low-quality evidence and measured implausible claim endorsement and evaluations of evidence persuasiveness (via credibility, value, and/or weight). A linear mixed-effect model was used to predict persuasiveness from the interaction between implausible claim endorsement and evidence quality. Our results showed that endorsers were significantly more persuaded by the evidence than non-endorsers, but both groups were significantly more persuaded by high-quality than low-quality evidence. The interaction between endorsement and evidence quality was not significant. These results suggest that the formation and maintenance of implausible beliefs by endorsers may result from less critical evidence evaluations rather than a failure to analyse. This is consistent with a limited rather than a lazy approach and suggests that interventions to develop analytical skill may be useful for minimising the effects of implausible claims.

scholarly journals Association between Anxiety Levels and Weight Change in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Rieke ◽  
Ramon Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Erin D. Michos ◽  
Amy Luke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the association between anxiety and weight change in a multiethnic cohort followed for approximately 10 years.Methods. The study population consisted of participants of the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis who met specified inclusion criteria (n= 5,799). Weight was measured at baseline and four subsequent follow-up exams. Anxiety was analyzed as sex-specific anxiety quartiles (QANX). The relationship between anxiety level and weight change was examined using a mixed-effect model with weight as the dependent variable, anxiety and time as the independent variables, and adjusted for covariates.Results. Average annual weight change (range) was −0.17 kg (−6.04 to 4.38 kg) for QANX 1 (lowest anxiety), −0.16 kg (−10.71 to 4.45 kg) for QANX 2, −0.15 kg (−8.69 to 6.39 kg) for QANX 3, and −0.20 kg (−7.12 to 3.95 kg) for QANX 4 (highest anxiety). No significant association was noted between QANX and weight change. However, the highest QANX was associated with a −2.48 kg (95% CI = −3.65, −1.31) lower baseline weight compared to the lowest QANX after adjustment for all covariates.Conclusions. Among adults, age 45–84, higher levels of anxiety, defined by the STPI trait anxiety scale, are associated with lower average baseline weight but not with weight change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document