Tolerance in Maize Landraces to Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae and Its Relationship to Plant Pigments, Compatible Osmolytes, and Vigor

Abstract The rootworm Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) is native to South America and causes severe economic losses to several crops due to root feeding and disease spread. In maize (Zea mays L.), losses in production come from larval rootworm attack on plant roots resulting in plant health problems, including stalk lodging. More options for controlling this pest are needed to create well balanced, integrated pest management programs for farmers in this region. Natural sources of tolerance in maize genotypes are important for maize breeding programs, and this study investigated the expression of tolerance in several Brazilian maize landraces to D. speciosa. Plant vigor and compounds associated with plant health, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, glycine betaine, and proline were assessed for each landrace. Five landraces and one maize cultivar were selected based on their levels of antibiosis-resistance to D. speciosa that were determined in a prior screening. The percent reduction in plant growth was used as the measure of tolerance. The landrace Azteca was classified as tolerant to D. speciosa larval feeding, displaying less reduction in plant matter despite having lower plant vigor. This landrace also had higher amounts of chlorophyl and carotenoid pigments, suggesting a positive correlation between tolerance to D. speciosa and higher contents of these photosynthetic pigments. The compatible osmolytes glycine betaine and proline do not seem to be associated with tolerance in maize landraces to D. speciosa larvae. Landrace Azteca seems promising for plant breeding, and repeated field studies are needed to confirm its suitability in maize integrated pest management.

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Changes in Production Practices by Green Industry Growers from 2009 to 2019

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-39.3.123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 123-130

Author(s):

Alicia L. Rihn ◽

Charles R. Hall ◽

Bryan J. Peterson ◽

Ariana P. Torres ◽

Marco A. Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Firm Size ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Green Industry ◽

Levels Of Use ◽

Hand Weeding

Abstract As a result of the latest economic recession (2007 to 2009), the U.S. green industry suffered significant economic losses, leading to major industry structural changes. To be competitive and effectively manage risk, nursery and greenhouse operators need reliable and up-to-date information. However, the availability of such data from federal government sources has become limited. This report summarizes the state of the industry, focusing on trends in production-related characteristics from the 2009, 2014, and 2019 survey years. As firm size increased, the percent of annual sales attributed to large plant species (e.g., deciduous trees) increased, while herbaceous (e.g., perennials) and specialty (e.g., Christmas tree) plants made up a larger percentage of annual sales for small- and medium-sized firms. The majority of respondents (73.3%) indicated a proportion of their sales came from container-grown plants. The most frequently used integrated pest management (IPM) practice was removal of infested plants (81%), followed by cultivation/hand weeding. As firm size increased, participation in IPM strategies increased. Interestingly, statistical differences between small- and medium-sized firms were infrequent, indicating similar levels of use; however, most of the IPM strategies used were more frequently employed by large-sized firms when compared to small- or medium-sized firms. Index words: Container-grown, greenhouse, integrated pest management (IPM), nursery, ornamental plants.

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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments

10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Health Science ◽

Plant Health ◽

Science Center ◽

Wide Range ◽

Response And Recovery

The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.

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Insect and Mite Integrated Pest Management in Florida Cotton

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in1111-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Joseph E. Funderburk ◽

Nicole Casuso ◽

Norman C. Leppla ◽

Michael Donahoe

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Health ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cotton Crop ◽

External Sources ◽

Cotton Fields

Insect and mite pests of cotton feed on cotton roots, leaves, stems, and fruit and reduce plant health and productivity, and, subsequently, cotton crop yields. These pests hide in different places on or within the plant or field, which makes them difficult to find and identify and costly to manage. The purpose of this 14-page guide written by Joseph Funderburk, Nicole Casuso, Norman Leppla, and Michael Donahoe and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology is to provide Florida cotton growers a selected set of options for integrated pest management of insects and mites in cotton fields. It serves as a reference for cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control of arthropods. The guide includes links to additional UF/IFAS EDIS articles, as well as external sources of information on arthropod management. The guide also contains a searchable table of registered insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides for Florida cotton.edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1111

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Center for Plant Health Science and Technology national programs : Integrated Pest Management and Eradication.

10.5962/bhl.title.102280 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Health Science ◽

Plant Health ◽

National Programs

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of the drug store beetle, Stegobium paniceum (L.), a serious pest of old books

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2011.177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stanislaw Ignatowicz ◽

Krystyna Janczukowicz ◽

Pawel Olejarski

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Management Program ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Drug Store ◽

Drugstore Beetle ◽

Enormous Amount ◽

Stegobium Paniceum

Recently (January 2010), we have found that drugstore beetle, <em>Stegobium paniceum</em> (L.), is a serious pest of old books in a religious library in Cracow, Poland. About 80% old books were found more or less damaged by this pest. As the result of larval activity, many holes and tunnels were formed in damaged books. Some of them were old, some of them were new tunnels with live larvae and pupae. Many characteristic emergence holes of the adults were found in the book bindings. Around books there was an enormous amount of dust as a result of larval feeding activity. Live and dead adults were found around old books and within the library room, especially near windows. The Integrated Pest Management program was suggested to the owners and curator of the library to control infestation and to avoid the continuation of the damage.

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Agricultural entomology in the state of Acre: a historical overview and future challenges

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e878 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. e0878

Author(s):

Weidson Plauter Sutil ◽

Rodrigo Souza Santos

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Basic Research ◽

The State ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Agricultural Entomology ◽

Family Based

In the state of Acre, Brazil, family-based agriculture is predominant and although it has less economic impact in relation to large-scale plantations, it is also subject to biological imbalances, such as the attack of pests, generating economic losses for producers. Phytosanitary knowledge in the state is still incipient and becomes an obstacle to production, often resulting in mistaken management decisions. In this context, this work aimed to present a history of research carried out in the field of Agricultural Entomology, especially in the areas of integrated management and biological control of pests of the most relevant crops grown in the Acre state. In this review, 55 scientific papers related to Agricultural Entomology were presented, 23 on new insect records and/or new insect associations with host plants, 16 on insect control using plant extracts from the Amazon region, 13 on integrated pest management and three on bioecology and population dynamics of pests in the state of Acre. Through this review, it is observed that research in the area of Agricultural Entomology in the state of Acre is characterized by basic research (surveys, registration of new species, bioecological and dynamic population studies). However, there has been a notable advance in scientific studies aimed at integrated pest management in the state in the past ten years. Still, there is a need to concentrate efforts on research aimed at prospecting and using Amazonian biodiversity (fauna and flora), which subsidize applied programs for integrated pest management of the main crops grown in the Acre state.

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Agricultural entomology in the state of Acre: a historical overview and future challenges

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e0878 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. e0878

Author(s):

Weidson Plauter Sutil ◽

Rodrigo Souza Santos

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Basic Research ◽

The State ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Agricultural Entomology ◽

Family Based

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Assessing Consumer Knowledge and Use of Landscape Plant Health Care and Integrated Pest Management Practices through a Computer-based Interactive Survey

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.13.3.0556 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 556-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James C. Sellmer ◽

Kathleen M. Kelley ◽

Susan Barton ◽

David J. Suchanic

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Site Selection ◽

Management Practices ◽

Plant Health ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Consumer Knowledge ◽

Single Family ◽

Part Time

Attendees at the 2001 Philadelphia Flower Show participated in an interactive-quiz-formatted survey on touch-screen computers to determine their knowledge and use of plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Participants answered 15 questions in three categories: 1) PHC practices (criteria for proper plant selection, correct planting practices, and reasons for mulching and pruning); 2) IPM practices (insect identification, plant and pest monitoring, and maintenance of records on pests found and treatments applied to their landscape plants); and 3) demographic and sociographic questions to aid in characterizing the survey population. Over half of the participants (58%) were interested in gardening and a majority (77%) were interested in protecting the environment. Most participants (66%) were between 36 and 60 years of age with a mean age of 47 years, 76% lived in and owned a single-family home, and greater than half (56%) had never purchased professional landscape services. Most recognized PHC criteria for proper site selection, although not all environmental site characteristics were recognized as being equally important. Nearly half (49%) identified the correct planting practice among the choices offered; while an equal number of participants chose among the several improper practices listed. Although reasons for mulching were properly identified by the respondents, excess mulching around trees was considered a proper planting practice by over 39% of the participants. When questioned about IPM practices, a majority reported that they identify pests prior to treating them (71%) and that they scouted their landscapes (82%). However, only 21% kept records of the pests that they had found and the treatments that they applied for those pests. Participants' responses were further examined using cluster analysis in order to characterize the participants and identify meaningful consumer knowledge segments for targeting future extension programming. Three distinct segments were identified: 1) horticulturally savvy (69% of the participants), 2) part-time gardener (25% of the participants), and 3) horticulturally challenged (6%). At least 47% of the horticulturally savvy and part-time gardeners correctly answered plant health care questions (44% of the total survey participants). These two segments included more individuals who were interested in gardening and protecting the environment and are potential targets for future PHC and IPM extension education programs. In contrast the horticulturally challenged recorded no interest in or opinion on gardening or protecting the environment. It is apparent that a majority of consumers are learning and employing PHC and IPM concepts. Proper site selection, planting practices, and mulching along with record keep- ing and pest identification proficiency remain key educational areas to be developed. Although not all gardeners are well versed in all subject matter, a basic knowledge of PHC and IPM is being demonstrated.

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Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082753 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. R. Adams ◽

G. J Tompkins ◽

A. M. Heimpel ◽

E. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Management Program ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

House Cricket ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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