Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricélia F Almeida ◽  
Clébson S Tavares ◽  
Euires O Araújo ◽  
Marcelo C Picanço ◽  
Eugênio E Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Demographic Performance

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

scholarly journals Comparative Demographic Traits of the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) B Biotype against different Host Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci B Biotype ◽  
B Biotype

The sucking pests, especially whitefly, have damaged various fields and fruit crops across the globe. The study of life-history is of prime importance to monitor the dynamics for preference of a species to its host. This study tested the prevalence and preference of a whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomato, cotton, pepper, and okra as hosts using age-stage two-sex life table. Results revealed the highest pre-adult developmental duration, survival rate, and fecundity on tomato while the lowest values on okra. Population parameters such as the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) were demonstrated longer on cotton and tomato compared to much lower R0, r, and λ on pepper and okra. Okra responded significantly differently in the case of the mean generation time, T among all tested genotypes. These findings suggest the possibility of summer vegetables as more favorable hosts for B. tabaci. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Statistik demografi Dolichotetranychus floridanus Banks pada dua kultivar nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-667
Author(s):  
Ariffatchur Fauzi ◽  
Sugeng Santoso ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Pest Infestation

Pineapple is one of important fruit crops in Indonesia. One of important problems in pineapple production is pest infestation.. This study aims to investigate the biology, demography, and life cycle of Dolichotetranychus floridanus Banks on two pineapple cultivars (Queen and Cayenne). Observation of mite development (eggs-adults) were conducted every 6 hours.  Adults were observed everyday to record the fecundity.  The life table was constructed from the survivor and fecundity of D. floridanus. Based on this table, the variables of population growth, including gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T) and increase intrinsic rate (r) were determined. The results showed that the GRR, R0, and r of D. floridanus in the Queen cultivar were higher than Cayenne cultivar, while the T in the Queen cultivar was lower. Queen cultivar more suitable for D. floridanus than Cayenne cultivar.

Development, survival and reproduction of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) on four diets 

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Xie ◽  
Yi Yan ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Artemia Cysts ◽  
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus

.The development, survival and reproduction of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) were determined on four diets (Ephestia kuehniella eggs, Artemia sp. cysts, Typha orientalis pollen, and Tyrophagus curvipenis) in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 80 ± 5% RH, 24 h D: 0 h L. E. kuehniella eggs and T. curvipenis were very suitable for the overall development of S. scimitus to adulthood, with over 90% survival rates. Shrimp cysts were not suitable, with 11.1% survival to adults, and T. orientalis pollen were intermediate, with 50% survival to adults.  S. scimitus immature development was the fastest on T. curvipenis (9.67 ± 0.18 days), and it was also very fast on E. kuehniella eggs, but relatively slow on T. orientalis pollen  (18.26 ± 0.68 days) and the slowest on Artemia cysts (21.36 ± 1.23 days). The female pre-ovipositional period (APOP) averaged less than 3 days on E. kuehniella eggs but over 3 days on T. curvipenis, but mated and unmated females had a similar APOP, regardless of diet. Neither diet nor mating had significant effects on the total pre-ovipositional period from birth to oviposition (around 13 days). The oviposition period averaged 1 to 2 days longer for mated females than unmated ones, regardless of diet, which had no significant effects. Mated females produced 50% more eggs than unmated females when feeding on E. kuehniella eggs, but 69% more than unmated females when feeding on T. curvipenis; the effects of mating were significant, and the effects of diet were different depending on mating status of the predators: fecundity was higher on E. kuehniella eggs (20.21 ± 1.16) than on T. curvipenis (17.07 ± 0.49) only for unmated females.  Most life table parameters (intrinsic rate of population increase r, finite rate of population increase λ, and net reproductive rate R0) were not significantly affected by diet and mating. However, the mean generation time T was shorter in unmated females than in mated ones, and more so when feeding on T. curvipenis. T. curvipenis is easy to rear, so it is considered a very promising diet for S. scimitus as it does not damage plants nor cause allergenic reactions in workers or users. Since T. curvipenis is common on plants, future studies should explore the combined use of foliar predators (e.g. Phytoseiidae) and soil predators for the biocontrol of greenhouse pests (e.g. thrips) using a shared non-pest prey such as T. curvipenis.

scholarly journals Biological aspects and life table of Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) as a function of temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Machado Auad ◽  
Jair Campos de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Similar Development

The aphid Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) is considered a pest of hidroponically-grown lettuce, but basic and applied information on its control are scarce in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different temperatures on biological aspects and life history of U. ambrosiae (Thomas) developing on hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. Newly emerged nymphs were placed on 4-cm discs of hydroponic lettuce, var. Verônica, which were maintained on 5-cm Petri dishes, at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25ºC and 14 h photophase, and inside a greenhouse, within micro-cages at room temperature. The duration of development in all nymphal stages varied inversely to temperature. Nymphs maintained at 20ºC and 25ºC, had similar development period. However, at fluctuating greenhouse temperatures (daily mean = 21ºC), different results were obtained, which was also true for the pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods. Daily and total fertilities at 20ºC were better in comparison to the other treatments. The highest mortality rate of aphids occurred under greenhouse conditions. The production of 1.28 nymphs per female per day, the time needed for the population to double in size (TD=2.77days), and the intrinsic rate of population increase (r m=0.25), were similar for in insects maintained at 20 and 25ºC. On the other hand, time interval between generations (T) and the net reproductive rate (Ro) were higher at 20ºC. In the greenhouse, even though T was similar to laboratory conditions at 20 and 25ºC, the R0, r m and l parameters were lower and TD was higher. Based on biological aspects, fertility and life expectancy tables, constant temperature of 20ºC is the most suitable for U. ambrosiae.

scholarly journals STATUS OF INFESTATION AND BIOLOGY OF PEPPER FRUIT FLY, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Febrina Herawani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Sugeng Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
The Status

Status of Infestation and Biology of Pepper Fruit Fly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae). Numerous muscid flies Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae) emerged from fruitfly-infested pepper fruits. It is not known whether A. orientalis is primary or secondary pest, and its biology is poorly studied.  Research was conducted with the objectives to determine the status of infestation of A. orientalis on pepper fruits, and to study its biology. Field survey was conducted in pepper fields in Bogor, whereas study on its biology was done in laboratory. Field surveys showed that flies emerged from fruitfly-infested fruits consisted of 86.1% A. orientalis, 4.8% Bactrocera dorsalis, and 9.1% other fly species.  Fruits having only A. orientalis representing 79.7% of the infested fruits. Number of A. orientalis flies emerged per fruit ranged 1-24, with an average of 3.5 individuals. Laboratory study showed incubation period of eggs was 1.62 d, larva development lasted 11.93 d, and pupa 5.08 d.  Longevity of female adult was 32.85 d and male 31.40 d. Number of eggs laid by a single female ranged 12-191, with an average of 83.80. Net reproductive rate R0 =36.052, intrinsic rate of increase rm = 0.136, mean generation time T = 26.482, doubling time Dt = 5.098, and finite rate of increase λ = 1.145. Overall, our research indicated that A. orientalis was a primary pest of pepper fruits, with a high potential of population increase.

scholarly journals Comparison of life history parameters of two different genetic clusters of Bemisia tabaci MED (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) through single and cross mating

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248819
Author(s):  
Yujeong Park ◽  
Young-gyun Park ◽  
Joon-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important insect pest worldwide. Previously, we have reported that most B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) populations occurring in greenhouse tomatoes in Korea have been displaced from well-differentiated two genetic clusters (C1 and C2) to one (C2) during one-year period. To elucidate factors responsible for this phenomenon, we compared life history parameters of these two different genetic clusters through single and cross mating experiments on two different host plants, cucumber and tobacco, at 26°C. Intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) were significantly higher in the dominating cluster (C2) (0.247, 1.280, and 192.402, respectively on cucumber; 0.226, 1.253, and 133.792, respectively on tobacco) than in the other cluster (C1) (0.149, 1.161, and 50.539, respectively on cucumber; 0.145, 1.156, and 53.332, respectively on tobacco). Overall performances of cross mating groups, C2fC1m (C2 female × C1 male) and C1fC2m (C1 female × C2 male), were in-between those of C2 and C1, with C2fC1m performing better than C1fC2m. Thus, maternal inheritance appeared to be significantly associated with their life history parameters, with partial involvement of paternal inheritance. Our results demonstrated that the rapid displacement of genetic clusters of B. tabaci MED populations was clearly associated with differences in their life history parameters.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

Life cycle and calculation of the intrinsic rate of natural increase of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp. from chemoautotrophic Movile Cave, Romania

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Muschiol ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Movile Cave

AbstractThe life cycle and somatic growth of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp., isolated from chemoautotrophic microbial mats in Movile Cave, Romania, were studied in monoxenic cultures at 20°C with Escherichia coli as the food source. A method is described that allows simultaneous investigation of the somatic growth pattern, age-specific fecundity, and age-specific mortality of single individuals with high accuracy. Somatic growth curves of the species are presented. During juvenile development, both species showed a strict linear increase in body length, whereas body weight increased exponentially. Growth was continuous without lag phases. The relationships between fresh weight, W (μg), and body length, L (mm), were W = 1.6439L2.7672 for Poikilolaimus sp. and W = 0.2085L4.0915 for Panagrolaimus sp. Life tables and fecundity schedules for the two species are presented. In addition, demographic parameters were calculated. For Panagrolaimus, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), calculated according to the Lotka equation, was 0.309, the net reproductive rate (R0) 64, the mean generation time (T) 13.8 days and the minimum generation time (Tmin) 9.5 days. The corresponding values for Poikilolaimus were rm = 0.165, R0 = 108, T = 26.2 and Tmin = 19.5. Panagrolaimus produced fewer progeny than Poikilolaimus during its life but exhibited faster population growth due to its faster maturation. It showed a distinct post-reproductive period, whereas Poikilolaimus remained fertile until death.

EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Boyne ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Oligonychus Ununguis ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate that Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings.

scholarly journals Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of the Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis Oudemans at Different Temperatures

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Liyuan Xia ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cheyletus Malaccensis

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans is a predatory mite inhabiting grain depots in China. The relationship between temperature and the population growth rate of C. malaccensis is useful for predicting its population dynamics. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the predator, C. malaccensis, reared on Acarus siro were constructed under laboratory conditions at 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32 °C, 75% relative humidity, and a 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the immature stages. The complete generation time of C. malaccensis ranged from 11.10 d to 27.50 d. Life table parameters showed that 28 °C was the optimum temperature for the growth and development of C. malaccensis; populations could increase rapidly at this temperature. The highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 290.25) and highest fecundity (544.52) occurred at 28 °C. Temperature significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (r), fecundity, and finite rate of increase (λ). The values of age-specific fecundity (high to low) were 28 °C > 24 °C > 30 °C > 32 °C > 22 °C, while the values of age-stage-specific fecundity had the same trend.

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