Development, survival and reproduction of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) on four diets 

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Xie ◽  
Yi Yan ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Artemia Cysts ◽  
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus

.The development, survival and reproduction of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) were determined on four diets (Ephestia kuehniella eggs, Artemia sp. cysts, Typha orientalis pollen, and Tyrophagus curvipenis) in the laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 80 ± 5% RH, 24 h D: 0 h L. E. kuehniella eggs and T. curvipenis were very suitable for the overall development of S. scimitus to adulthood, with over 90% survival rates. Shrimp cysts were not suitable, with 11.1% survival to adults, and T. orientalis pollen were intermediate, with 50% survival to adults.  S. scimitus immature development was the fastest on T. curvipenis (9.67 ± 0.18 days), and it was also very fast on E. kuehniella eggs, but relatively slow on T. orientalis pollen  (18.26 ± 0.68 days) and the slowest on Artemia cysts (21.36 ± 1.23 days). The female pre-ovipositional period (APOP) averaged less than 3 days on E. kuehniella eggs but over 3 days on T. curvipenis, but mated and unmated females had a similar APOP, regardless of diet. Neither diet nor mating had significant effects on the total pre-ovipositional period from birth to oviposition (around 13 days). The oviposition period averaged 1 to 2 days longer for mated females than unmated ones, regardless of diet, which had no significant effects. Mated females produced 50% more eggs than unmated females when feeding on E. kuehniella eggs, but 69% more than unmated females when feeding on T. curvipenis; the effects of mating were significant, and the effects of diet were different depending on mating status of the predators: fecundity was higher on E. kuehniella eggs (20.21 ± 1.16) than on T. curvipenis (17.07 ± 0.49) only for unmated females.  Most life table parameters (intrinsic rate of population increase r, finite rate of population increase λ, and net reproductive rate R0) were not significantly affected by diet and mating. However, the mean generation time T was shorter in unmated females than in mated ones, and more so when feeding on T. curvipenis. T. curvipenis is easy to rear, so it is considered a very promising diet for S. scimitus as it does not damage plants nor cause allergenic reactions in workers or users. Since T. curvipenis is common on plants, future studies should explore the combined use of foliar predators (e.g. Phytoseiidae) and soil predators for the biocontrol of greenhouse pests (e.g. thrips) using a shared non-pest prey such as T. curvipenis.

Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricélia F Almeida ◽  
Clébson S Tavares ◽  
Euires O Araújo ◽  
Marcelo C Picanço ◽  
Eugênio E Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Demographic Performance

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

scholarly journals KESESUAIAN TELUR KEPIK KEDELAI UNTUK PEMBIAKAN MASSAL Anastatus dasyni FERR. (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE), PARASITOID TELUR KEPIK LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
IWA .M. TRISAWA ◽  
A. RAUF ◽  
U. KARTOSUWONDO ◽  
N. MARYANA ◽  
A. NURMANSYAH
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Rate Of Increase

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. adalah parasitoid telur kepik lada, Dasynuspiperis China. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian telur kepikkedelai Riptortus linearis dan Nezara viridula sebagai inang untukpembiakan massal parasitoid A. dasyni. Imago parasitoid A. dasyni yangberasal dari lapangan dipelihara secara terpisah pada telur dari kedua jeniskepik kedelai. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap biologi A. dasyni yangmeliputi masa perkembangan pradewasa dan berbagai parameter kehi-dupan imago betina. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis neraca hayati denganmenggabungkan data perkembangan dan sintasan pradewasa, masa hidupimago dan reproduksi, serta nisbah kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa masa perkembangan larva dan pupa A dasyni pada telur N. viridulalebih singkat serta laju peneluran lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada telur R.linearis. Imago betina A. dasyni yang keluar dari telur N. viridula hanya1,81%, sedangkan dari telur R. linearis sebanyak 70,20%. Oleh karena itu,parameter neraca hayati hanya dapat dihitung dari parasitoid yangdipelihara pada telur R. linearis. Laju pertambahan intrinsik parasitoidadalah (r) 0,1870, masa generasi (T) 27,51 hari, reproduksi bersih (Ro)84,29, laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,21, dan nilai reproduksi (RVx)402,51. Proporsi persebaran usia stabil (px) adalah 17,06% telur, 50,41%larva, 26,53% pupa, dan 6,02% imago. Telur kepik kedelai R. linearisdapat digunakan untuk pembiakan massal A. dasyni.</p><p>Kata kunci : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, pembiakan massal</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Suitability of soybean bug eggs for mass rearing ofAnastatus dasyni Ferr. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), anegg parasitoid of pepper bug</p><p>Anastatus dasyni Ferr. is an important egg parasitoid of pepper bug,Dasynus piperis China. Research was conducted with the objectives tostudy the suitability of eggs of soybean bugs Riptortus linearis and Nezaraviridula for mass rearing of A. dasyni. Adults of A. dasyni collected fromthe field were inoculated separately on eggs of two species of soybeanbugs. Biological parameters such as immature development and adultlongevity were observed daily. Lifetable parameters were calculated on thebasis of development and survival of immature, reproduction, and sexratio. Our studies revealed that parasitoid developing on Nezara viridulaeggs had shorter larval and pupal development and higher in ovipositionrate than those on Riptortus linearis eggs. However, parasitoids emergedfrom N. viridula eggs only 1.81% were females, while from R. lineariseggs were 70.20%. Therefore, lifetable parameters can only be generatedfrom parasitoid reared on R. linearis eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r)mean generation time (T) 0.1870, 27.51 days, 84.29, 1.21, and 402.51respectively net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), andreproductive value (RVx). The stable stage distribution (px) were 17,06%eggs, 50,41% larvae, 26,53% pupae, and 6,02% adults. Eggs of soybeanbug R. linearis can be used for mass rearing of parasitoid A. dasyni.</p><p>Key words : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, mass rearing</p>

Development, survival and reproduction of a potential biological control agent, Lasioseius japonicus Ehara (Acari: Blattisociidae), on eggs of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1471
Author(s):  
Lixia Xie ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Xinran Wu ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Chenlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
The Mean

Lasioseius japonicus is a species of soil-dwelling predatory mite with great potential for controlling insect pests and has a broad application prospect in biological control. This study was conducted under indoor conditions to explore the development, survival and reproduction of L. japonicus on two diets. Through the construction of two-sex life table of L. japonicus, it was revealed that, when it preyed on eggs of Drosophila melanogaster, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.2614 d-1, the net reproductive rate (R0) was 57.76 offspring, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.2988 d-1, and the mean generation time (T) was 15.49 d. When preying on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of L. japonicus was 0.1560 d-1, the net reproductive rate (R0) was 20.96 offspring, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1690d-1, and the mean generation time (T) was 19.41 d. In addition, the life expectancy and population growth trend of L. japonicus were simulated based on the above two alternative prey species. The results showed that feeding on the eggs of D. melanogaster is more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of L. japonicus.

scholarly journals Biological aspects and life table of Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas, 1878) as a function of temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Machado Auad ◽  
Jair Campos de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Similar Development

The aphid Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) is considered a pest of hidroponically-grown lettuce, but basic and applied information on its control are scarce in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different temperatures on biological aspects and life history of U. ambrosiae (Thomas) developing on hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. Newly emerged nymphs were placed on 4-cm discs of hydroponic lettuce, var. Verônica, which were maintained on 5-cm Petri dishes, at temperatures of 15, 20 and 25ºC and 14 h photophase, and inside a greenhouse, within micro-cages at room temperature. The duration of development in all nymphal stages varied inversely to temperature. Nymphs maintained at 20ºC and 25ºC, had similar development period. However, at fluctuating greenhouse temperatures (daily mean = 21ºC), different results were obtained, which was also true for the pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods. Daily and total fertilities at 20ºC were better in comparison to the other treatments. The highest mortality rate of aphids occurred under greenhouse conditions. The production of 1.28 nymphs per female per day, the time needed for the population to double in size (TD=2.77days), and the intrinsic rate of population increase (r m=0.25), were similar for in insects maintained at 20 and 25ºC. On the other hand, time interval between generations (T) and the net reproductive rate (Ro) were higher at 20ºC. In the greenhouse, even though T was similar to laboratory conditions at 20 and 25ºC, the R0, r m and l parameters were lower and TD was higher. Based on biological aspects, fertility and life expectancy tables, constant temperature of 20ºC is the most suitable for U. ambrosiae.

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana used as granules has no impact on the soil-dwelling predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Weinan Sun ◽  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Xuenong Xu ◽  
Zhongren Lei ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an economically important pest worldwide and has demonstrated a particularly difficult to manage. Controlling soil-pupating thrips is a promising strategy for controlling F. occidentalis. Beauveria bassiana granules and soil inhabiting predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus have been proposed as alternative control agents. This study evaluated the effect of the B. bassiana conidia on the survival, immature development, longevity, reproduction of S. scimitus by laboratory bioassays. The effect of B. bassiana used as granules on survival of S. scimitus was also assessed under potted condition. When B. bassiana was sprayed directly on each immature stage of S. scimitus at a concentration of 1×107 ml-1 conidia, their survival rates and developmental times were not affected. Direct spray of B. bassiana on female S. scimitus did not affect their reproduction and longevity. The potted test showed that B. bassiana used as granules has no impact on the density of S. scimitus. Our study suggested that using B. bassiana granules is compatible with release of S. scimitus in soil, and their combined use may be an alternative to traditional F. occidentalis management. 

scholarly journals STATUS OF INFESTATION AND BIOLOGY OF PEPPER FRUIT FLY, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Febrina Herawani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Sugeng Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
The Status

Status of Infestation and Biology of Pepper Fruit Fly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae). Numerous muscid flies Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae) emerged from fruitfly-infested pepper fruits. It is not known whether A. orientalis is primary or secondary pest, and its biology is poorly studied.  Research was conducted with the objectives to determine the status of infestation of A. orientalis on pepper fruits, and to study its biology. Field survey was conducted in pepper fields in Bogor, whereas study on its biology was done in laboratory. Field surveys showed that flies emerged from fruitfly-infested fruits consisted of 86.1% A. orientalis, 4.8% Bactrocera dorsalis, and 9.1% other fly species.  Fruits having only A. orientalis representing 79.7% of the infested fruits. Number of A. orientalis flies emerged per fruit ranged 1-24, with an average of 3.5 individuals. Laboratory study showed incubation period of eggs was 1.62 d, larva development lasted 11.93 d, and pupa 5.08 d.  Longevity of female adult was 32.85 d and male 31.40 d. Number of eggs laid by a single female ranged 12-191, with an average of 83.80. Net reproductive rate R0 =36.052, intrinsic rate of increase rm = 0.136, mean generation time T = 26.482, doubling time Dt = 5.098, and finite rate of increase λ = 1.145. Overall, our research indicated that A. orientalis was a primary pest of pepper fruits, with a high potential of population increase.

scholarly journals Comparing the Life Table and Population Projection of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Jihye Park ◽  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Hwal-Su Hwang ◽  
Duck-Oung Jung ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Stratiolaelaps Scimitus

Predatory soil-dwelling mites, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini) and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae), are essential biocontrol agents of small soil arthropod pests. To understand the population characteristics of these two predatory mites, we investigated their development, survival, and fecundity under laboratory conditions. We used Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) as a food source and analyzed the data using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The duration from egg to adult for G. aculeifer was longer than that for S. scimitus, but larval duration was similar between the two species. Notably, G. aculeifer laid 74.88 eggs/female in 24.50 days, but S. scimitus laid 28.46 eggs/female in 19.1 days. Several population parameters, such as the intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate, and gross reproductive rate of G. aculeifer, were significantly higher than those of S. scimitus. Using the bootstrap technique with 100,000 samples, we demonstrated that the life tables constructed based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of finite rate of increase (λ) net reproductive rate (R0) may characterize the variability in the survival and fecundity curves, as well as predict population growth uncertainty. These data provide important information for the practical application of predatory soil mites to manage agricultural pests.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

Life cycle and calculation of the intrinsic rate of natural increase of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp. from chemoautotrophic Movile Cave, Romania

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Muschiol ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Movile Cave

AbstractThe life cycle and somatic growth of two bacterivorous nematodes, Panagrolaimus sp. and Poikilolaimus sp., isolated from chemoautotrophic microbial mats in Movile Cave, Romania, were studied in monoxenic cultures at 20°C with Escherichia coli as the food source. A method is described that allows simultaneous investigation of the somatic growth pattern, age-specific fecundity, and age-specific mortality of single individuals with high accuracy. Somatic growth curves of the species are presented. During juvenile development, both species showed a strict linear increase in body length, whereas body weight increased exponentially. Growth was continuous without lag phases. The relationships between fresh weight, W (μg), and body length, L (mm), were W = 1.6439L2.7672 for Poikilolaimus sp. and W = 0.2085L4.0915 for Panagrolaimus sp. Life tables and fecundity schedules for the two species are presented. In addition, demographic parameters were calculated. For Panagrolaimus, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), calculated according to the Lotka equation, was 0.309, the net reproductive rate (R0) 64, the mean generation time (T) 13.8 days and the minimum generation time (Tmin) 9.5 days. The corresponding values for Poikilolaimus were rm = 0.165, R0 = 108, T = 26.2 and Tmin = 19.5. Panagrolaimus produced fewer progeny than Poikilolaimus during its life but exhibited faster population growth due to its faster maturation. It showed a distinct post-reproductive period, whereas Poikilolaimus remained fertile until death.

EFFECTS OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND SIMULATED RAINFALL ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Boyne ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Oligonychus Ununguis ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractExperiments were conducted on Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, seedlings or cut terminals. Results indicate that Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) responds most favorably to temperatures approximating 26 °C and to relative humidity levels approaching 50 to 60%. Developmental time, time to 50% mortality, net reproductive rate, mean generation time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of increase, and days for populations to double were computed for each temperature and relative humidity regime. Simulated rainfall severely limits population density on Fraser fir seedlings.

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