Genetic Diversity of White Sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Northwest Atlantic and Southern Africa

Knowledge of genetic diversity in plant germplasm and the relationship between genetic factors and phenotypic expression is vital for crop improvement. This study's objectives were to understand the extent of genetic diversity and population structure in 60 common bean genotypes from East and Southern Africa. The common bean genotypes exhibited significant (p<0.05) levels of variability for traits such as days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP), and grain yield per hectare in kilograms (GYD). About 47.82 per cent of the variation among the genotypes was explained by seven principal components (PC) associated with the following agronomic traits: NPP, NFF (nodes to first flower), DTF, GH (growth habit) and GYD. The SNP markers revealed mean gene diversity and polymorphic information content values of 0.38 and 0.25, respectively, which suggested the presence of considerable genetic variation among the assessed genotypes. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 51% of the genetic variation were between the gene pools, while 49% of the variation were within the gene pools. The genotypes were delineated into two distinct groups through the population structure, cluster and phylogenetic analyses. Genetically divergent genotypes such as DRK57, MW3915, NUA59, and VTTT924/4-4 with high yield and agronomic potential were identified, which may be useful for common bean improvement.

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Implications of life history uncertainty when evaluating status in the Northwest Atlantic population of white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias )

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.6252 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4990-5000

Author(s):

Heather D. Bowlby ◽

A. Jamie F. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

White Shark ◽

Carcharodon Carcharias ◽

Northwest Atlantic ◽

Atlantic Population

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Leopard tortoises in southern Africa have greater genetic diversity in the north than in the south (Testudinidae)

Zoologica Scripta ◽

10.1111/zsc.12328 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 57-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cäcilia Spitzweg ◽

Margaretha D. Hofmeyr ◽

Uwe Fritz ◽

Melita Vamberger

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern Africa ◽

The South ◽

The North

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Mitochondrial DNA Phylogenetics of Black Rhinoceros in Kenya in relation to Southern Africa Population

International Journal of Biodiversity ◽

10.1155/2017/8326361 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Elijah K. Githui ◽

David N. Thuo ◽

Joshua O. Amimo ◽

Nyamu M. Njagi ◽

Maryanne M. Gitari

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Black Rhinoceros ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

History Of ◽

Eastern And Southern Africa ◽

Game Hunting

Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) are highly endangered due to poaching and other anthropological reasons and their protection to rebound the numbers and genetic improvement are necessary remedial measures defined by Rhino International Union of Conservation for the Nature Red List (IUCN). In Kenya black rhino numbers declined from approximately 20,000 in the 1970s to fewer than 400 in 1982. Wildlife conservation managers effected strategies to manage/breed the remaining rhinoceros populations in Eastern and Southern Africa within regional sanctuaries. This study analyzes the genetic variability of these remnant rhinoceros using Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Majority of the rhinoceros in both Kenyan and Southern Africa group are monophyletic clusters with insignificant genetic variations while some lineages are underrepresented. The Eastern Africa rhinoceros forms a distinct clade from the Sothern Africa counterpart while Tanzania population has admixtures. Tajima-D test showed that these two populations are under different selection pressure possibly due to different history of adverse anthropologic activities. Similarly, the Southern Africa rhinoceros have low genetic diversity compared to the Eastern African population due to extended periods of game hunting during Africa colonization. This study suggests that managed translocations of individual rhinoceros across the separated fragments can be applied to improve their genetic diversity.

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Patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood populations in East and southern Africa

Genetica ◽

10.1007/s10709-006-9001-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 139-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. O. Ouma ◽

J. G. Marquez ◽

E. S. Krafsur

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Tsetse Fly ◽

Glossina Morsitans

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Evidence of genetic structure in the wide-ranging bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758))

BMC Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12862-021-01760-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Streicher ◽

Sonja Krüger ◽

Franziska Loercher ◽

Sandi Willows-Munro

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Genetic Connectivity ◽

Local Populations ◽

Bearded Vulture ◽

African Populations

AbstractBackgroundThe bearded vulture is sparsely distributed across a wide geographic range that extends over three continents (Africa, Europe and Asia). Restriction to high-altitude mountainous habitats, low breeding rates, lack of food and a heightened level of persecution have left many local populations severely diminished or extinct. Understanding the genetic connectivity and population structure of this threatened vulture species is critical for accurately assessing their conservation status, and for appropriately managing local populations through captive breeding programmes or translocations. Previous genetic assessments of the species were mainly focused on the European and Asian populations and included limited representation of the geographically isolated southern African population. A single mitochondrial study, which focused on the African populations of the bearded vulture, detected limited genetic differentiation between populations in Ethiopia and southern Africa, with reduced haplotype diversity in the southern Africa population. In this study, we extend the previous genetic assessments of the species by examining the phylogeography and genetic connectivity of globalG. barbatuspopulations using a panel of 14 microsatellite loci.ResultsAnalyses revealed spatially correlated genetic differentiation between regional populations and low levels of gene flow between these population fragments. In contrast to the mitochondrial data, the microsatellite data support the management of genetically different populations as separate entities.ConclusionsLow genetic diversity and geographic isolation are known to adversely affect the evolutionary potential of a species in the long-term. The high inbreeding found in the southern AfricanG. barbatusand, to a lesser extent, the northern African populations highlights the need for conservation programmes to effectively manage populations of this species and maintain extant genetic diversity.

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