Population Genetics of Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Brazilian Pantanal: Molecular Evidence for Demographic Connectivity on a Regional Scale

Resumen: En este estudio se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de documentos históricos de la época de contacto con los europeos para evaluar la presencia histórica del jaguar (Panthera onca) en la Patagonia. Dado que no existen registros escritos con anterioridad a la llegada del hombre europeo, entonces se buscó evidencia suplementaria en restos fósiles, etnografía, topónimos y nombres indígenas para la especie. La evidencia disponible señala que la especie pudo haber alcanzado la región del Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. Aunque la información es escasa para permitir un análisis del patrón de distribución pasado en Patagonia, a escala regional se identificaron tres áreas de ocupación: noroeste de Patagonia, sur continental de Chile, y áreas cercanas a puertos naturales de la costa Atlántica. El jaguar sobrevivió en el norte de la Patagonia Argentina y el Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile, hasta fines del siglo XIX, y se extirpó de la región centro-sur de Chile durante el siglo XVII. Se discuten brevemente los probables factores que contribuyeron a la declinación y extinción del jaguar en la Patagonia.Palabras clave: Presencia histórica, Panthera onca, Patagonia. Abstract: An exhaustive review of written historical documents from the time of European contact was completed in order to examine the historic presence of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Patagonia. Since prior to the arrival of the Europeans there are no written records, therefore supplementary evidence has been sought in fossil remains, ethnography, toponyms and indigenous names for the species. There is evidence to suggest that the species may have occurred as far south as the Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. Although the available evidence is scarce to enable an analysis of the former distribution pattern in Patagonia, at a regional scale three main areas of occupation can be identified: north-western Patagonia, southern continental Chile, and the vicinity of natural ports in the Atlantic coast. It is known that the jaguar survived in northern Argentine Patagonia and the Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile, until the late 19th century, and was extirpated in south-central Chile during the 17th century. Probable factors contributing to the decline and extinction of the jaguar in Patagonia are briefly discussed.Key words: Historical occurrence, Panthera onca, Patagonia.

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Space use and movement of jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mammalia-2017-0040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 540-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Roy T. McBride ◽

Jeffrey J. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Home Range ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Density Estimator ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Core Areas ◽

Brazilian Pantanal

AbstractHome range and core area size were estimated for jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay in the Dry Chaco, Humid Chaco and Pantanal using an autocorrelated kernel density estimator. Mean home range size was 818 km2(95% confidence interval: 425–1981) in the Dry Chaco and 237 km2(95% confidence interval: 90–427) in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal. Core areas, defined as the home range area where use was equal to expected use, was consistent across sexes and systems represented on average by the 59% home range isopleth (range: 56–64%). Males had a higher probability of larger home ranges and more directional and greater daily movements than females collectively and within systems. The large home ranges in the Dry Chaco are attributable to the relatively low productivity of that semi-arid ecosystem and high heterogeneity in resource distribution while larger than expected home ranges in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal compared to home range estimates from the Brazilian Pantanal may be due to differences in geomorphology and hydrological cycle. The large home ranges of jaguars in western Paraguay and a low proportional area of protected areas in the region demonstrate the importance of private ranchland for the long-term conservation of the species.

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Antagonistic interactions between predator and prey: mobbing of jaguars (Panthera onca) by white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari)

acta ethologica ◽

10.1007/s10211-020-00335-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 45-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lilian E. Rampim ◽

Leonardo R. Sartorello ◽

Carlos E. Fragoso ◽

Mario Haberfeld ◽

Allison L. Devlin

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Group Living ◽

Video Camera ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Behavioral Interactions ◽

Tayassu Pecari ◽

Behavioral Interaction ◽

In The Wild ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

Ambush Predators

Abstract Ambush predators rely on stealth to successfully secure prey. Mobbing is a rarely observed anti-predation strategy used by group-living prey species whereby several individuals distract or harass a predator until it either ends the pursuit or leaves the area. Herein, we present three unique cases of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) mobbing jaguars (Panthera onca) in the wild. White-lipped peccaries and jaguars co-occur within the study area, a large-scale ecotourism and working cattle ranch in the Brazilian Pantanal. Two cases of mobbing were recorded by video camera trap during routine surveys, and a third case was directly observed by one of the authors during telemetry triangulation of a GPS-collared individual jaguar. Our observations provide direct empirical evidence of antagonistic behavioral interactions between jaguars and white-lipped peccaries that have previously been limited to anecdotes within academic literature. We discuss the implications of this behavioral interaction for the proximate and ultimate fitness of both predator and prey.

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The numbers of the beast: Valuation of jaguar ( Panthera onca ) tourism and cattle depredation in the Brazilian Pantanal

Global Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.gecco.2017.05.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 106-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Fernando R. Tortato ◽

Thiago J. Izzo ◽

Rafael Hoogesteijn ◽

Carlos A. Peres

Keyword(s):

Panthera Onca ◽

Brazilian Pantanal

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Mercury content in the fur of jaguars (Panthera onca) from two areas under different levels of gold mining impact in the Brazilian Pantanal

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201720170190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2 suppl 1) ◽

pp. 2129-2139 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

JOARES A. MAY JÚNIOR ◽

HOWARD QUIGLEY ◽

RAFAEL HOOGESTEIJN ◽

FERNANDO R. TORTATO ◽

ALLISON DEVLIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Mining ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Mining Impact ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

Different Levels

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Is reintroduction a tool for the conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca? A case study in the Brazilian Pantanal

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000460 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Rose Lilian Gasparini-Morato ◽

Leonardo Sartorello ◽

Lilian Rampim ◽

Carlos Eduardo Fragoso ◽

Joares Adenilson May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Daily Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Species Survival ◽

Movement Parameters ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

Daily Activity Patterns

Abstract To evaluate the feasibility of reintroduction as a tool for conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca, we adapted the IUCN soft release protocol to reintroduce two jaguars in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. After being kept at rescue centres for 13 months, the jaguars were moved to a 1-ha enclosure with native vegetation on a 53,000 ha ranch in the Pantanal, where hunting is not allowed and prey is abundant. In the enclosure, the animals were fed with meat, dead animals (roadkill) and then, progressively, live wild prey. After 11 months, the jaguars were fitted with collars equipped with GPS/VHF (recording one location per hour) and accelerometers, and released in the same area. The animals established residence near the enclosure, with home ranges, movement parameters, daily activity patterns and prey consumption similar to that recorded in previous studies. Social interaction and reproduction indicated the reintroduction was successful, and that it can be a tool for the species' survival in areas where the jaguar population is in decline.

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Space use and movement of jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay

10.1101/119412 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Roy T McBride ◽

Jeffrey J Thompson

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Density Estimator ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Core Areas ◽

Utility Distribution ◽

Brazilian Pantanal

AbstractWe estimated home range and core area size for jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay in the Dry Chaco, Humid Chaco and Pantanal using an autocorrelated kernel density estimator. Mean home range size was 818 km2 (95% CI:425-1981) in the Dry Chaco and 237 km2 (95% CI:90-427) in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal. Core areas, defined as the home range area where use was equal to expected use, was consistent across sexes and systems represented on average by the 59% utility distribution isopleth (range:56-64%). Males had a higher probability of larger home ranges and more directional and greater daily movements than females collectively and within systems. The large home ranges in the Dry Chaco are attributable to the relatively low productivity of that semi-arid ecosystem and high heterogeneity in resource distribution while larger than expected home ranges in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal compared to home range estimates from the Brazilian Pantanal may be due to differences in geomorphology and hydrological cycle. The large home ranges of jaguars in western Paraguay and a low proportional area of protected areas in the region demonstrate the importance of private ranchland for the long-term conservation of the species.

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How is the jaguar Panthera onca perceived by local communities along the Paraguai River in the Brazilian Pantanal?

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605314000349 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Grasiela Porfirio ◽

Pedro Sarmento ◽

Stephanie Leal ◽

Carlos Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Economic Losses ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Livestock Depredation ◽

Perceptions And Attitudes ◽

Habitat Conversion ◽

Human Perceptions ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Main Activity ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

Pantanal Wetland

AbstractRapid habitat conversion, hunting as a retaliatory response to livestock depredation and, potentially, lack of knowledge regarding the species’ ecological role are the main factors influencing conservation of the Near Threatened jaguar Panthera onca in the Pantanal wetland of Brazil. Investigation of people's perceptions and attitudes towards a species is an important element of conservation initiatives but most information concerning human perceptions of jaguars in the Pantanal comes from conflict with ranchers, who typically perceive this species negatively as a result of economic losses. No information is available concerning perceptions of the jaguar by other inhabitants, particularly along riversides where the main activity is professional and recreational fishing. We used semi-structured questionnaires to interview 50 riverside inhabitants on how they perceive the jaguar and to investigate the influence of education and age on such perceptions compared to local people from rural properties in the Pantanal and other Brazilian biomes. ‘Dangerous’ was the predominant perception. We found that the negative perceptions of jaguars related to people's safety and not to economic losses from livestock depredation. We highlight environmental education programmes, ecotourism and better strategies to reduce livestock losses as useful tools for minimizing the perception that jaguars are dangerous in all situations.

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Bridging population genetics and the metacommunity perspective to unravel the biogeographic processes shaping genetic differentiation of Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54725-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jorge García-Girón ◽

Pedro García ◽

Margarita Fernández-Aláez ◽

Eloy Bécares ◽

Camino Fernández-Aláez

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Environmental Filtering ◽

Dispersal Limitation ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Spatial Genetic Variation ◽

Myriophyllum Alterniflorum

AbstractThe degree to which dispersal limitation interacts with environmental filtering has intrigued metacommunity ecologists and molecular biogeographers since the beginning of both research disciplines. Since genetic methods are superior to coarse proxies of dispersal, understanding how environmental and geographic factors influence population genetic structure is becoming a fundamental issue for population genetics and also one of the most challenging avenues for metacommunity ecology. In this study of the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC., we explored the spatial genetic variation of eleven populations from the Iberian Plateau by means of microsatellite loci, and examined if the results obtained through genetic methods match modern perspectives of metacommunity theory. To do this, we applied a combination of robust statistical routines including network analysis, causal modelling and multiple matrix regression with randomization. Our findings revealed that macrophyte populations clustered into genetic groups that mirrored their geographic distributions. Importantly, we found a significant correlation between genetic variation and geographic distance at the regional scale. By using effective (genetic) dispersal estimates, our results are broadly in line with recent findings from metacommunity theory and re-emphasize the need to go beyond the historically predominant paradigm of understanding environmental heterogeneity as the main force driving macrophyte diversity patterns.

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Molecular zoogeography of Antarctic euphausiids and notothenioids: from species phylogenies to intraspecific patterns of genetic variation

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102000000328 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Luca Bargelloni ◽

Lorenzo Zane ◽

Nicolas Derome ◽

Guillaume Lecointre ◽

Tomaso Patarnello

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Southern Ocean ◽

Species Distributions ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Species Divergence ◽

Species Diversification ◽

Historical Factors ◽

Physical Barriers

Published and unpublished data are used to investigate possible mechanisms of species diversification in two key groups of Antarctic organisms: the Notothenioidei and the Euphausiidae. Species distributions are mapped onto molecular phylogenies, and this evidence is interpreted in light of the various ecological and historical factors which characterize the Southern Ocean. The joint effect of diverse agents (vicariance, “jump” dispersal) appears to be determinant in several cases for species divergence. A review of results from population genetics studies, together with new molecular evidence, confirm the importance of physical barriers (oceanographic fronts) in reducing migration, thereby promoting speciation, at least in notothenioids.

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