‘British Values Are Also Values All Around the World’: Teaching Fundamental British Values through a Human Rights Lens

Author(s):  
Alison E C Struthers ◽  
Julie Mansuy

Abstract Since 2014, the promotion of Fundamental British Values (FBV) has been a requirement across formal schooling in England. The agenda has, however, faced criticism from various stakeholders. Much of this denunciation has been directed at the opaque nature of FBV, but the agenda is problematic for more concerning reasons. It is arguable that, in light of the current threat from ethno-nationalism, frameworks such as FBV that focus on a particular definition and formulation of national values run the risk of being interpreted in a manner that is exclusionary and liable to ‘other’ different ethnic groups in the classroom. The FBV framework furthermore overlooks the fact that the UK isalready subject to numerous international human rights obligations, including many that mandate the provision of holistic and effective human rights education at all levels of formal education. This article therefore draws upon the findings of a pilot study conducted with Year 5 learners in four primary schools in the West Midlands showing that teaching about human rights through the FBV agenda is possible, by linking discussion of values at the national level to broader human rights principles. Such an approach satisfies the government’s desire for children to learn about FBV, whilst highlighting that these values also exist in a global context. This, in turn, is likely to be a more effective way of encouraging learners to be global citizens who will contribute to the building of a broader culture that is respectful of human rights.

Author(s):  
Merris Amos

In this article the evolution of the relationship between the UK and the European Court of Human Rights is examined. With strong human rights protection through law now present at the national level, it is concluded that the relationship has moved from a dynamic to static. The implications of this for the protection of human rights in the UK are considered and evaluated.En este artículo se examina la evolución de la relación entre el Reino Unido y el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Teniendo en cuenta que ya existe a nivel nacional una importante garantía y protección de los derechos fundamentales, se observa que la relación ha cambiado de dinámica a estática. Las implicaciones que este paradigma tiene para el caso particular del Reino Unido será objeto de examen y discusión.


Author(s):  
Diego Iturralde ◽  
Ana María Rodino

Since the year 2000, the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights (IIHR) has been developing a new research methodology on human rights based on a system of progress indicators about three groups of rights: access to justice, political participation and human rights education. The approach was initially applied in 6 countries of the region, and produced the Progress Maps on Human Rights. This experience set the foundations for the annual preparation of the Inter-American Report on Human Rights Education, which IIHR distributes every December 10th, since 2002. The paper explains the oldest and more widely used approaches for research on human rights: (i) the registration of violations and (ii) the analysis of human rights situations. Then, it introduces the approach of measuring progress, its tools (progress indicators), the main methodological considerations, and the application of this approach, up to date, in 19 countries of the American continent that subscribed and/or ratified the San Salvador Protocol. Such application constitutes the first two Inter-American Reports on Human Rights Education, which are part of a series of 4 reports. El main objective of the series is to investigate the variations produced regarding the incorporation of Human Rights Education in formal and non-formal education, in the selected countries, during the period 1990-2002/03. The I Report (2002) focused on the legal developments of Human Rights Education at the national level, and the II Report (2003) examined the advanced in the curriculum and the textbooks in the elementary and high school levels of the formal education system. The conclusions and recommendations of both Reports are transcribed in the appendices.


Author(s):  
Madeline Baer

Chapter 5 provides a case study of the human rights-based approach to water policy through an analysis of the Bolivian government’s attempts to implement the human right to water and sanitation. It explores these efforts at the local and national level, through changes to investments, institutions, and policies. The analysis reveals that while Bolivia meets the minimum standard for the human right to water and sanitation in some urban areas, access to quality water is low in poor and marginalized communities. While the Bolivian government expresses a strong political will for a human rights approach and is increasing state capacity to fulfill rights, the broader criteria for the right to water and sanitation, including citizen participation and democratic decision-making, remain largely unfulfilled. This case suggests political will and state capacity might be necessary but are not sufficient to fulfill the human right to water and sanitation broadly defined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-456
Author(s):  
María Julia Ochoa Jiménez

Abstract:In Latin America, conflict-of-law norms have not appropriately considered the cultural diversity that exists in their legal systems. However, developments towards the recognition of Indigenous peoples’ human rights, at the international and national levels, impose the task of considering such diversity. In that regard, within the conflict-of-law realm, interpersonal law offers a useful perspective. This article proposes a conflict-of-law rule that can contribute to clarity and legal certainty, offering a sound way of dealing at the national level with Indigenous peoples’ claims for restitution of property with a cultural value for them, which is framed in international instruments on human rights.


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Peter A. C. Maple

In the UK, population virus or antibody testing using virus swabs, serum samples, blood spots or oral fluids has been performed to a limited extent for several diseases including measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis and HIV. The collection of population-based infection and immunity data is key to the monitoring of disease prevalence and assessing the effectiveness of interventions such as behavioural modifications and vaccination. In particular, the biological properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its interaction with the human host have presented several challenges towards the development of population-based immunity testing. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 immunity requires the development of antibody assays of acceptable sensitivity and specificity which are capable of accurately detecting seroprevalence and differentiating protection from non-protective responses. Now that anti-COVID-19 vaccines are becoming available there is a pressing need to measure vaccine efficacy and the development of herd immunity. The unprecedented impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic and social disruption has mobilized a national scientific effort to learn more about this virus. In this article, the challenges of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in relation to population-based immunity testing, will be considered and examples given of relevant national level studies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110124
Author(s):  
Catherine V Hayes ◽  
Charlotte V Eley ◽  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
Magda Hann ◽  
Cliodna AM McNulty

Background: The UK 5-year antimicrobial resistance (AMR) National Action Plan highlights the need to prevent community infections through education of children. Activities around infection prevention (IP) and antibiotics were piloted by UK youth groups in 2016–2018, prompting Public Health England (PHE) to develop a standardised programme. The aim of the study was to develop and pilot an educational programme on IP and antibiotics for use by community youth groups in the UK. Methods: A working group, including youth group volunteers interested in IP and AMR, agreed on the programme content through consensus, informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour model (COM-B). The Antibiotic Guardian Youth Badge (AGYB) included learning through interactive e-Bug activities on IP and prudent antibiotic use, action setting through Antibiotic Guardian pledges and consolidation through poster development. The programme was piloted and evaluated with conveniently recruited youth groups in 2019, including quantitative and qualitative questionnaire feedback from community leaders and children. Results: Fourteen youth group leaders and 232 children from uniformed Girlguiding/Scout groups in England and Scotland participated in the pilot evaluation, as well as two primary schools. Leaders reported alignment to the themes of their youth organisation, but struggled to teach antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Children reported enjoyment and intentions to improve hygiene behaviour. Conclusion: Community youth groups are a suitable setting for IP and antibiotics education. The AGYB was officially launched in March 2020 and promoted for use with home-schooling children and remote youth group meetings to educate about IP during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlan Mao ◽  
Maria Fernandes-Jesus ◽  
Evangelos Ntontis ◽  
John Drury

Abstract Background Community engagement and volunteering are essential for the public response to COVID-19. Since March 2020 a large number of people in the UK have been regularly doing unpaid activities to benefit others besides their close relatives. Although most mutual aid groups emerged from local neighbourhoods and communities, official public institutions also fostered community volunteering, namely through the community champions scheme. By considering a broad definition of COVID-19 volunteering, this article describes a systematic review of the literature focused on one broad question: What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering both at the UK national level and the more local community level? Methods A rapid review of the literature in peer-reviewed databases and grey literature was applied in our search, following the PRISMA principles. The search was conducted from 10 to 16 of October 2020, and sources were included on the basis of having been published between January and October 2020, focusing on COVID-19 and addressing community groups, volunteering groups, volunteers, or community champions in the UK. Results After initial screening, a total of 40 relevant sources were identified. From these, 27 were considered eligible. Findings suggest that food shopping and emotional support were the most common activities, but there were diverse models of organisation and coordination in COVID-19 volunteering. Additionally, community support groups seem to be adjusting their activities and scope of action to current needs and challenges. Volunteers were mostly women, middle-class, highly educated, and working-age people. Social networks and connections, local knowledge, and social trust were key dimensions associated with community organising and volunteering. Furthermore, despite the efforts of a few official public institutions and councils, there has been limited community engagement and collaboration with volunteering groups and other community-based organisations. Conclusions We identified important factors for fostering community engagement and COVID-19 volunteering as well as gaps in the current literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards deepening knowledge on sustaining community engagement, collaboration and community participation over time, during and beyond this pandemic.


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