scholarly journals Optimizing Pest Management Practices to Conserve Pollinators in Turf Landscapes: Current Practices and Future Research Needs

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Larson ◽  
Adam Dale ◽  
David Held ◽  
Benjamin McGraw ◽  
Douglas S. Richmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Current Practices

Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems and Water Quality in the Northern Great Plains: Review of Current Practices and Future Research Needs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Faust ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
David W. Archer ◽  
John R. Hendrickson ◽  
Scott L. Kronberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Current Practices

scholarly journals Industrial hemp and its potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNAB BHOWMIK
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Wide Range

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging high-value specialty crop that can be cultivated foreither fiber, seed, or cannabidiol (CBD). The demand for hemp and its products has been consistently onthe rise in the 21st century. The United States of America has reintroduced hemp and legalizedits production as an agricultural commodity through the 2018 Federal Farm Bill. Although thereis a renewed interest in the adoption of hemp due to the emerging market, its production in theUnited States remains limited partly because of unclear agronomic guidance and fertilizationrecommendations. This review article provides information on the current agronomic managementpractices that are available in the literature and identifies the future research needs for cultivating thismultipurpose crop to address the growing market demands. Hemp production could be beneficialif managed properly. Hemp fertilizer requirements vary in accordance with the type of hempgrown (seed, fiber, or CBD), soil, environmental conditions and requires a wide range of macro- andmicronutrients. Integrating management practices in hemp cultivation intended to build soil health ispromising since the hemp cropping system is suitable for crop rotation, cover cropping, and livestockintegration through animal waste applications. Hemp also has significant environmental benefitssince it has the potential to remediate contaminated soils through phytoremediation, convert highamounts of atmospheric CO2 to biomass through bio-sequestration, and hemp biomass for bioenergyproduction. This review identifies that most of the agronomic research in the past has been limitedto hemp fiber and, to some extent, hemp seed but not CBD hemp. With the increase in the globalmarkets for hemp products, more research needs to be conducted to provide agronomic guidelinesfor sustainable hemp production.

Fertility in Adolescents With Klinefelter Syndrome: A Survey of Current Clinical Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1883-e1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Zganjar ◽  
Ajay Nangia ◽  
Rebecca Sokol ◽  
Anna Ryabets ◽  
Mary K Samplaski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Endocrine Society ◽  
Current Practices

Abstract Context Progress has been made in determining the fertility timeline and potential in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome; however, medical professionals are currently without protocols to guide treatment. Objective To evaluate the current practices regarding fertility and andrology care in adolescent males with Klinefelter syndrome. Design A 24-question survey was developed to elicit practitioner background/expertise and management practices. This was distributed to members of the Society for the Study of Male Reproduction, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the Endocrine Society. Setting N/A. Patients Adolescent males with Klinefelter syndrome. Intervention None. Main Outcome Measured Current practices regarding fertility and andrology care. Results 232 responses were received from 133 (57%) adult endocrinologists, 60 (26%) pediatric endocrinologists, and 39 (17%) urologists. Among these, 69% of respondents were in academics, 62% practiced for > 10 years, and 65% received formal training in Klinefelter syndrome. All specialties encouraged sperm banking in late puberty, however most disagreed with the practice in early puberty. Seventy-eight percent agreed that testicular biopsy should be offered if no sperm was found in the ejaculate. The perceived optimal age for testicular biopsy varied among specialists. Clinical symptoms of hypogonadism (28%), rising gonadotropin levels (15%), and testosterone levels (15%) were the most commonly cited reasons for initiation of testosterone replacement therapy. Conclusion Fertility preservation practices in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome vary greatly within and among the specialties caring for these patients. These findings should guide future research and highlight the importance of establishing clinical practice guidelines.

Restoration challenges for urban rivers

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. D'Arcy ◽  
T. Rosenqvist ◽  
G. Mitchell ◽  
R. Kellagher ◽  
S. Billett
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Persistent Pollutants ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pollution Loads

Urban sources account for significant quantities of important diffuse pollutants, and urban watercourses are typically badly polluted. As well as toxic metals, hydrocarbons including PAHs, and suspended matter, priority urban pollutants include faecal pathogens and nutrients. Can urban watercourses be restored by sufficient reductions in pollution loads? Case studies in the UK and Sweden provide insights and some grounds for optimism. A major trans-Atlantic review of the performance of best management practices (BMPs) is informing BMP planning. New approaches such as the maximisation of self-purification capacity in the receiving waters may also need to be developed, alongside BMPs at source. Other initiatives in Europe, USA and China, including collaborative projects, are trying to address the intractable issues such as persistent pollutants from transport and urban infrastructure. The challenge is daunting, but there are clear ways forward and future research needs are evident.

scholarly journals Environmental values of California winegrape growers and the use of barn owl nest boxes as a tool for integrated pest management

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-275
Author(s):  
Brooks R. Estes ◽  
Matthew D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Nest Boxes

Synthetic pesticides from agriculture pose threats to biodiversity, and the adoption of alternative pest management is vital to meet rising crop demands while protecting native species. For example, the use of nest boxes for barn owls (Tyto furcata and T. alba) may help control rodent pests and reduce the use of rodenticides. However, the environmental perceptions of farmers and how receptive they are to alternative pest management practices remains uncertain. Traditionally, agricultural policies and programs have focused largely on the economic self-interest of farmers, but these narrow approaches have proven insufficient to describe and predict conservation behaviors, and the study of environmental value orientations (EVOs) may better explain farmers’ adoption of novel wildlife-friendly practices. The study of EVOs can help identify people as “mutualists”, meaning those who value the environment for its own sake, and “utilitarians,” meaning those who value the environment for the services it can provide. We surveyed 71 California winegrape growers in order to better understand how their underlying environmental values relate to the use of barn owl boxes and other sustainable practices. Overall, most winegrape growers had mutualist value orientations (64%). However, there was a disconnect between the use of barn owl boxes and EVOs, with most respondents (80%) reporting the use of owl boxes regardless of underlying values. This opens the door for future research to examine whether this is true of other wildlife-friendly farming practices.

scholarly journals Influences of Stored Product Insect Movements on Integrated Pest Management Decisions

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuji Jian
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Insect Movement

Insect movement inside and outside grain bulks and processed products influences pest management decisions. Movement allows insects to find essential food resources, shelters (refuges), warmer and/or humid locations, mating and egg-laying sites, even when they are rare in fields, buildings, mills, warehouses, and inside grain masses. This review discussed the advantages and disadvantages of stored product insect movements, and the influence of insect mobility on some integrated pest management practices. Insect movement (1) results in clumped insect spatial distributions and thus makes large sample sizes necessary for monitoring; (2) makes trapping more efficient, but is influenced by many factors; (3) allows control methods to be effective, but requires pest management programs to be area-wide; (4) makes eradication of quarantine pests difficult and commodities are quickly re-infested; and (5) results in a diverse genetic pool and speeds the development of resistance to pesticides. Any element of an IPM approach should use the knowledge of insect movement. Reasons for the difficult interpretation of cryptic movement behaviours of insects were provided and future research areas were suggested.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge and Practices in the Management of Insect Pests of Leafy Amaranth in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther L Nampeera ◽  
Gail R Nonnecke ◽  
Sue L Blodgett ◽  
Sharon M Tusiime ◽  
Dorothy M Masinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Amaranth (Amaranthus L.) species are grown for their grain or leaves and contribute to farmers’ livelihoods and nutritional food security. Leafy amaranth (LA) is consumed widely as a vegetable in Kenya. An assessment of current farmers’ knowledge of pest management practices provides information about future educational needs. Six-hundred LA farmers were interviewed, focus group discussions with farmers, and interviews with key informants were completed in four Kenyan counties. The majority (71%) of survey respondents grew LA on less than 0.25 acre (<0.1 ha) and 59.2% were female. Constraints of LA production differed by counties surveyed. Farmers indicated insects and birds were important in Kiambu and Kisumu counties, whereas in Vihiga and Kisii, capital, markets, and land area for production were important. Farmers stated and ranked importance of the insects they observed during LA production. Eighty-seven percent stated aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as a major pest and 96.8% ranked aphids as the number-one insect pest of LA in all four counties. Two other pests of LA included cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (0.8%) and spider mites, Tetranychus spp (Trombidiformes; Tetranychidae) (0.7%). Forty-two percent of all LA farmers managed aphids, with 34% using synthetic insecticides and 8% using nonsynthetic methods. Biological controls and host-plant resistance were not mentioned. Educational programs that train farmers about integrated pest management (IPM) in LA production are needed. Future research should determine successful IPM strategies for aphids on LA to reduce insecticide use and improve sustainability and nutritional food security for small-landholder farmers and consumers.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

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