scholarly journals Effect of Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) Oil on the Immune System of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucelio P Duarte ◽  
Luiza R Redaelli ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Silva ◽  
Simone M Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The insect immune system includes several mechanisms responsible for defending against pathogens, parasites, and parasitoids. Some botanical insecticides, such as Azadirachta indica oil, cause changes in the immune system of various insect species. Spodoptera frugiperda is an important agricultural pest; thus, knowledge about the effect of neem oil on the immune system of this species can assist in its management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. indica oil on the immune system of S. frugiperda. Caterpillars (2–3 mg) were placed individually in containers (50 ml) with approximately 10 g of diet, containing 125, 250, and 500 ppm of neem oil with propanone; the control group received only the propanone diet. In four experiments, the total number of hemocytes, the phagocytic activity, the activity of lysozyme-like enzymes, and phenoloxidase activity were measured in caterpillars at the end of the sixth instar. The total number of hemocytes in insects exposed to neem oil was 21% lower than in the control group. The percentage of cells that phagocyted the latex beads was similar among the caterpillars that ingested the different concentrations. The mean diameter of cell lysis halos was reduced only at concentrations of 125 and 250 ppm. Absorbance did not differ between treatments. Knowing that this oil reduces the number of circulation cells and the activity of lysozyme-like enzymes is of great importance to design control strategies, once the neem oil could be added to other biological agents for mortality reducing the chances of this insect surviving in the environment.

scholarly journals Ação de Inseticidas Botânicos sobre a Preferência Alimentar e sobre Posturas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Milho

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Mazzonetto ◽  
Flávia Coradini ◽  
Renato Zapparoli Corbani ◽  
Alexandre Barcellos Dalri
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito de diferentes extratos de origem vegetal na preferência alimentar e na postura da lagarta do cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) em folhas de milho. Extratos aquosos a 10% p/v de Chenopodium ambrosioides (Linnaeus) (Erva de Santa Maria), Corymbia citriodora (Hill & Johnson) (Eucalipto Cheiroso), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Linnaeus) (Crisântemo) e Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (Nim) foram aplicados em discos de folhas de milho e oferecidos às lagartas em testes com e sem chance de escolha. A atratividade das lagartas pelos discos com os extratos não diferiu da testemunha no teste com chance de escolha, porém os extratos de Nim e Crisântemo apresentaram efeito fagodeterrente a S. frugiperda. Nos testes sem chance de escolha, o tratamento que mais repeliu as lagartas foi utilizando extrato de Nim, representando possível alternativa para o controle das lagartas desta espécie. Nenhum dos extratos aquosos das espécies vegetais testadas apresentou efeito ovicida. Action of Botanical Insecticides on the Preference of Food and on Postures of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize Abstract. This study compares the effect of different extracts of vegetal origin in food preference and posture of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in maize leaves. Aqueous extracts 10% w/v of Chenopodium ambrosioides (Linnaeus), Corymbia citriodora (Hill & Johnson), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Linnaeus, 1753) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) were applied to leaf discs of maize and offered to caterpillars tests with and without choice. The attractiveness of the caterpillars for discs with the extracts did not differ from the control test-choice, but extracts of A. indica and C. leucanthemum showed antifeedant activity to S. frugiperda. In no-choice tests, the treatment was more repelled the larvae using A. indica extract, representing possible alternative for the control of caterpillars of this species. None of the aqueous extracts of the plant species tested showed ovicidal effect.

scholarly journals Eficiência de produtos vegetais no controle da lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Souza Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonia Railda Roel ◽  
Eduardo José Arruda ◽  
Ana Souza Marques
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Quassia Amara

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de produtos vegetais no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith, 1797) na cultura do milho. Os experimentos foram instalados, nos anos de 2002 e 2004, com a pulverização dos produtos vegetais em cinco tratamentos, e quatro repetições. No ano de 2002, os produtos testados foram: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (extrato aquoso 2%), e óleo a 1%; Melia azedarach L. (extrato aquoso 2%); Quassia amara L. (extrato aquoso 2%); óleo de nim, Azadirachta indica 1 e 2%. No ano de 2004, os produtos testados foram: A. indica (extrato aquoso 5%), e óleo a 2%, M. azedarach (extrato aquoso 5%), Trichilia pallida Sw. (extrato aquoso 5%). As avaliações, porcentagem de infestação da lagarta-do-cartucho por parcela, foram efetuadas aos três, sete e dez dias após a pulverização dos extratos. Conclui-se que extratos aquosos das plantas A. indica 2%, T.pallida 5%, Q. amara 2% e M. azedarach 2% e 5% e óleo de A. indica 1% e 2% com adição de tenso ativo não iônico, não possuem eficiência necessária como único método de controle da largarta-do-cartucho S. frugiperda em condições de campo. Os produtos começam a afetar o desenvolvimento da lagarta após alguns dias da ingestão das folhas pulverizadas, observado na avaliação efetuada aos sete dias após a aplicação dos extratos.

scholarly journals Grapevine defoliation by Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orcial Ceolin Bortolotto ◽  
Aline Pomari-Fernandes ◽  
Gilberto Rostirolla Batista de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest that causes losses in several crops. The knowledge of host plants is essential for establishing management and control strategies. The present study reported the first occurrence of S. frugiperda in Brazilian grapevines. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out in the laboratory to understand the biological aspects of the damage to different structures (leaves and grapes). This information will be essential to assess the potential of S. frugiperda damage to vines.

Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) on the serotonin rhythm of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Erick Oyarzabal-Armendariz ◽  
Jesús Alquicira-Mireles ◽  
Beatriz Zúñiga-Ruíz ◽  
José Luis Arreola-Ramírez ◽  
Patricia Guevara-Fefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Crépin T. S. Aniwanou ◽  
Antonio A. C. Sinzogan ◽  
Jean M. Deguenon ◽  
Rachidatou Sikirou ◽  
David A. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since become a serious threat to maize/cereal production on the continent. Current control of the pest relies on synthetic chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact the environment and promote the development of resistance when used indiscriminately. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, several biorational products and a semi-synthetic insecticide were evaluated. Two household soaps (“Palmida” and “Koto”) and a detergent (“So Klin”) were first tested for their efficacy against the larvae under laboratory conditions. Then, the efficacy of the most effective soap was evaluated in field conditions, along with PlantNeem (neem oil), Dezone (diatomaceous earth), and Emacot 19 EC (emamectin benzoate), in two districts, N’Dali and Adjohoun, located, respectively, in northern and southern Benin. The soaps and the detergent were highly toxic t second-instar larvae with 24 h lethal concentrations (LC50) of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.37% for So Klin, Koto, and Palmida, respectively. In field conditions, the biorational insecticides produced similar or better control than Emacot 19 EC. However, the highest maize grain yields of 7387 and 5308 kg/ha were recorded, respectively, with Dezone (N’Dali) and Emacot 19 EC (Adjohoun). A cost-benefit analysis showed that, compared to an untreated control, profits increased by up to 90% with the biorational insecticides and 166% with Emacot 19 EC. Therefore, the use of Palmida soap at 0.5% concentration, neem oil at 4.5 L/ha, and Dezone at 7.5 kg/ha could provide an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable management of S. frugiperda in maize.

scholarly journals Efeito de Extrato Aquoso de Azadirachta indica e de Trichilia pallida sobre Lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Milho.

BioAssay ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. Conceschi ◽  
Thiago Felipe Ansante ◽  
Fábio Mazzonetto ◽  
José Djair Vendramim ◽  
Vera Lúcia Monelli Sossai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals POTENTIATION OF COPAÍBA OIL-RESIN WITH SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL OF FALL ARMYWORM

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066
Author(s):  
WALDIANE ARAÚJO DE ALMEIDA ◽  
IGOR HONORATO LEDUÍNO DA SILVA ◽  
ANA CLÁUDIA VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
AURÉLIO PAES BARROS JÚNIOR ◽  
ADALBERTO HIPÓLITO DE SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Copaiba Oil ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been carried out mainly with pyrethroids and organophosphates insecticides. The continuous and indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides, for decades, has led to the selection of resistant populations and has caused concerns for human health and the environment. An alternative is the use of botanical insecticides, including through the mixtures with synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of copaiba oil-resin mixtures (COR) with deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, methomyl, triazophos and chlorpyrifos for S. frugiperda. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory using newly hatched caterpillars on a contaminated surface (filter paper). Initially, concentration-mortality curves were established for each insecticide and COR. Based on the results, experiments were conducted to verify the effect of the COR mixtures with synthetic insecticides in the proportions of 1:1 (LC25 + LC25) on larvae of S. frugiperda. Additionally, COR concentration-response curves were established by adding 1/8 of the recommended rate of each insecticide. Notably, the use of this concentration for all insecticides was previously determined in bioassays, and no significant toxicity was found for S. frugiperda caterpillars. It was found that the toxicity of COR increased substantially by adding synthetic insecticides, especially with lower mixtures with beta-cypermethrin, methomyl and triazophos.

scholarly journals The effect of sub-lethal doses of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) oil on the midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Railda Roel ◽  
Doroty M. Dourado ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Karla R. A. Porto ◽  
Aline V. Bednaski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Lethal Doses

scholarly journals Toxic effect of commercial formulations of neem oil, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., in pupae and adults of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Carla Lauer Schneider ◽  
Camila Vieira da Silva ◽  
Hélio Conte
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Multiple Abnormalities ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the toxic effect of commercial formulations of neem oil, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, pre-pupae (PP), young pupae (YP) and old pupae (OP) of Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were sprayed with the diluted extract in distilled water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. The neem extract caused concentration-dependent effects on mortality of pupae, and the pupae that failed to emerge in adults had multiple abnormalities. The longevity of pupae that emerged in adults (YP and OP group) did not differ from the control group. The abnormalities found in adults were related to mortality in all treatments, except at the concentration of 1.0%. Fertility was assessed according to the oviposition of adult females from the YP group that showed no abnormalities, through the evaluation of the number of deposited eggs and the rate of undeveloped eggs. The results showed a reduction in the number of eggs laid and an increase in the percentage of undeveloped eggs. These results show that neem oil has a high potential to control the toughest stage of the sugarcane borer and also reduces the further development. Therefore, commercial formulations of neem oil have a toxic effect on pupae and adults of D. saccharalis.

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