scholarly journals Toxic effect of commercial formulations of neem oil, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., in pupae and adults of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Carla Lauer Schneider ◽  
Camila Vieira da Silva ◽  
Hélio Conte
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Multiple Abnormalities ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the toxic effect of commercial formulations of neem oil, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, pre-pupae (PP), young pupae (YP) and old pupae (OP) of Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were sprayed with the diluted extract in distilled water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. The neem extract caused concentration-dependent effects on mortality of pupae, and the pupae that failed to emerge in adults had multiple abnormalities. The longevity of pupae that emerged in adults (YP and OP group) did not differ from the control group. The abnormalities found in adults were related to mortality in all treatments, except at the concentration of 1.0%. Fertility was assessed according to the oviposition of adult females from the YP group that showed no abnormalities, through the evaluation of the number of deposited eggs and the rate of undeveloped eggs. The results showed a reduction in the number of eggs laid and an increase in the percentage of undeveloped eggs. These results show that neem oil has a high potential to control the toughest stage of the sugarcane borer and also reduces the further development. Therefore, commercial formulations of neem oil have a toxic effect on pupae and adults of D. saccharalis.

scholarly journals Performance of insecticides in control of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Feitosa da Silva ◽  
Marina Funichello ◽  
Diego Miranda de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Lower Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Phytosanitary Products

ABSTRACT The population of the caterpillar Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has increased in the crop of sugarcane in recent years. Although the control of this insect is traditionally carried out through biological control, the use of phytosanitary products has still been necessary. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of different insecticides in sugarcane borer control, as well as the effect on productivity and total recoverable sugar (TRS). The experiment was conducted in a randomized experimental delineation of blocks, with six treatments and four blocks. Treatments consisted of five insecticides and one control group (without application of insecticide). For calculating the D. saccharalis infestation index, monthly samplings were performed every 30 days, for 12 months. After this period, the final D. saccharalis infestation index was evaluated and calculated for each treatment. In order to compare productivity among procedures, four central lines were collected from each plot. Thus, the samples were weighed for the productivity calculation (TCH) and sent to the laboratory for the total recoverable sugar (TRS) analysis. The chloranthraniliprole (350) insecticide provided a lower index of sugarcane borer infestation, in addition to greater productivity when compared to the other insecticides. There was no significant difference in the parameter of total recoverable sugar (TRS) among treatments.

Antioxidative Role of Azadirachta Indica Vit. E in Restoration of Histopathological changes in Acetaminophen induced liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3211-3213
Author(s):  
Jawad Mumtaz Sodha ◽  
Aftab Abbasi ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Pathan ◽  
Umair Ali Soomro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Aim: To study the comparative effect of Acetaminophen induced liver toxicity with aqueous extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and vitamin E on the basis of liver Histopathology. Methods: Sixty Wistar Rats of both sexes were split into four groups. Each group contained 15 animals. The control group was group A, Group B was treated orally with single dose of Paracetamol 2 mg / kg by weight, Group C was administrated orally with aqueous Neem extract 500 mg/kg +2 mg/Kg by weight oral Paracetamol, and Group D was given orally paracetamol+Neem extract+Vitamin E with 100mg/Kg/body weight for 15 days. Rats from all groups were decapitated, the liver was sliced, and liver tissues were taken for histological examination. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedding in paraffin followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin dye (H&E) and observed under 400x magnification with a digital microscope. Results: On Histopathological examination of the rat`s liver in we found that the control group had a normal appearance, colour, and uniform surface without any necrosis. Group B showed severe necrosis and haemorrhagic patches. In comparison, Group C revealed normal appearance, colour, and smooth surface with no necrotic alterations. Livers from the group D looked virtually normal in terms of colour, undersurfaces, and organ weight. However, hepatoprotective effects were observed in the Group C and D. Therefore, we can conclude that Azadirachta indica and Vitamin E could serve as a good medication for defence against liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings showed thatextract of Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E exhibited hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Acetaminophen. Key words: Azadirachta Indica leaf extract, Vitamin E, hepatoprotective Paracetamol, Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) Oil on the Immune System of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucelio P Duarte ◽  
Luiza R Redaelli ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Silva ◽  
Simone M Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract The insect immune system includes several mechanisms responsible for defending against pathogens, parasites, and parasitoids. Some botanical insecticides, such as Azadirachta indica oil, cause changes in the immune system of various insect species. Spodoptera frugiperda is an important agricultural pest; thus, knowledge about the effect of neem oil on the immune system of this species can assist in its management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. indica oil on the immune system of S. frugiperda. Caterpillars (2–3 mg) were placed individually in containers (50 ml) with approximately 10 g of diet, containing 125, 250, and 500 ppm of neem oil with propanone; the control group received only the propanone diet. In four experiments, the total number of hemocytes, the phagocytic activity, the activity of lysozyme-like enzymes, and phenoloxidase activity were measured in caterpillars at the end of the sixth instar. The total number of hemocytes in insects exposed to neem oil was 21% lower than in the control group. The percentage of cells that phagocyted the latex beads was similar among the caterpillars that ingested the different concentrations. The mean diameter of cell lysis halos was reduced only at concentrations of 125 and 250 ppm. Absorbance did not differ between treatments. Knowing that this oil reduces the number of circulation cells and the activity of lysozyme-like enzymes is of great importance to design control strategies, once the neem oil could be added to other biological agents for mortality reducing the chances of this insect surviving in the environment.

scholarly journals Potential of Regular Consumption of Cameroonian Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) Oil for Prevention of the 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Breast Cancer in High-Fat/Sucrose-Fed Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Stephane Zingue ◽  
Kevine Kamga Silihe ◽  
Innocent Fouba Bourfane ◽  
Ali Boukar ◽  
Alain Brice Tueche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Regular Consumption

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a tree from the Meliaceae family native to India, where it is considered as one of the most important plants worldwide. The anticancer effects of neem oil on breast cancer cells have been recently reported; however, its in vivo effects have not been studied. This prompted us to investigate the protective effects of neem oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in high-fat/sucrose-fed Wistar rats. Juvenile female Wistar rats were treated either with neem oil at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight at 3 different frequencies, 2 times/week (Neem 1), 4 times/week (Neem 2), and every day (Neem 3), or with tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg body weight), starting 1 week prior to DMBA treatment and lasting 12 weeks. Incidence, burden, volume, and histological analysis of mammary tumors were measured. Further toxicological parameters have been assessed. No tumors were detected in rats from the normal group, while all the rats from the negative control group (100%) developed mammary tumors. The regular consumption of neem oil at a dose of 3 mL/kg (2 or 4 times/week) significantly (p < 0.01) and in a dose-dependent manner reduced tumor incidence (80%), burden [35.78% (2 times/week) and 36.09% (4 times/week)], and weight. Neem consumption protected rats against DMBA-induced breast hyperplasia, with an optimal effect when taken 4 times weekly. Interestingly, all the animals that received a daily dose of 3 mL/kg died at the third week of the experiment. Further, animals that took the neem oil 4 times per week developed hepatotoxicity, evidenced by an increase of liver wet weight, transaminase (ALT and AST) activity, and histological abnormalities in liver. This study brings insight into the use of neem oil, which is greatly appreciated in traditional medicine. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that the regular consumption of neem oil prevents breast cancer, but its excessive consumption is toxic.

Effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Oil against Decay Fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Rawat ◽  
◽  
Uttam Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Nagaraj Hegde ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Mycelia Growth

The enormous use of metallic wood preservatives has caused destructive impact on environment as well as human health. Therefore realizing the urgency of switching to Environment friendly options such as natural oils are being tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed at investigating potential of Neem oil against the growth ofdecaying fungi. The ability of Neem oil to inhibit mycelia growth of Schizophyllum commune, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Coniophora puteana and Alternaria alternata was tested at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10%. Results of the study revealed Neem oil concentrations above 2% were significantly inhibitory to all the tested fungi.

scholarly journals Laboratory Bioassay of Beauveria Bassiana, Spinosad, Garlic, and Neem-Derived Products for Control of Grasshoppers

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
Nihat Demirel ◽  
Whitney Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Trials were conducted with adult, field collected migratory grasshoppers to determine susceptibility to ingestion expo sure to Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA (BotaniGard WP), spinosad (Conserve SC) a garlic-derived insecticide/repellent (Garlic Barrier), neem oil (Tril ogy) and a neem extract (BioNeem). Field collected late instar grasshoppers were confined, 8 per petri dish (100 mm X 15 mm), with 6 petri dishes usetl per treatment. Treatments involved dipping alfalfa leaves into the insecticide solutions and allowing them to air dry before feeding these to the grasshop pers. After the originally treated foliage were consumed, untreated foliage was used to maintain grasshoppers in all treatments. Mortality was assessed a 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hirose ◽  
Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽  
João A. C. Zequi ◽  
Luís H. Martins ◽  
Cristiane H. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas Multibion<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Neem oil in leafhopper nymphs Empoasca kraemeri (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Maria Jéssica dos Santos CABRAL ◽  
Rodrigo Almeida PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Empoasca Kraemeri

A cigarrinha-verde Empoasca kraemeri (Ross e Moore, 1957) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), tem sido relatada como uma das principais pragas que atacam I. batatas. O Neem Azadirachta indica é uma alternativa viável no controle de insetos pragas, pois é um produto natural, não polui o meio ambiente e não causa resistência. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a bioatividade do óleo de Neem sobre ninfas de E. kraemeri. Para constatação do efeito folhas de Ipomea batatas foram pulverizados nas concentrações 6,0; 3,0; 1,5; 0,75 e 0,25 ul l-1. Foram fornecidas a ninfas e as testemunhas foram pulverizadas com água destilada. O experimento foi mantido, em laboratório, a 25 ± 2°C; UR de 50 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 h. O período de incubação, para todos os tratamentos inclusive as testemunhas, foi de três dias. As concentrações 1,5, 3,0 e 6,0 ul foram as que atingiram mortalidade de 92%, 100% e 100% nas ninfas de E. kraemeri, demonstrando o potencial da Azadirachta indica para controle da cigarrinha. Portanto, conclui-se que, o óleo de Neem ocasionou significativa mortalidade sobre as ninfas de Cigarrinha E. kraemeri .

scholarly journals Complexity of EEG Signals in Schizophrenia Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Илья Кутепов ◽  
Ilya Kutepov ◽  
Вадим Крысько ◽  
Vadim Krysko ◽  
Антон Крысько ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Chaotic Signals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

In the present study, 45 patients with schizophrenia syndromes and 39 healthy subjects are studied with electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The study groups were of different genders. For each of the two groups, the signals were analyzed using 16 EEG channels. Multiscale entropy, Lempel-Ziv complexity and Lyapunov exponent were used to study the chaotic signals. The data were compared for two groups of subjects. Entropy was compared for each of the 16 channels for all subjects. As a result, topographic images of brain areas were obtained, illustrating the entropy and complexity of Lempel-Ziv. Lempel-Ziv complexity was found to be more representative of the classification problem. The results will be useful for further development of EEG signal classification algorithms for machine learning. This study shows that EEG signals can be an effective tool for classifying participants with symptoms of schizophrenia and control group. It is suggested that this analysis may be an additional tool to help psychiatrists diagnose patients with schizophrenia.

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