scholarly journals Is Myotis lavali (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) endemic to the South American dry diagonal?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1888
Author(s):  
Marcelo M Weber ◽  
Roberto Leonan M Novaes ◽  
Mariana Delgado-Jaramillo ◽  
Eder Barbier ◽  
Vinícius C Cláudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
The South ◽  
The Core ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract Myotis lavali was described from the M. nigricans complex based on museum specimens from the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Current records of the species from about 10 localities suggest that M. lavali seems to occur throughout the South American dry corridor, with peripheral records in the Atlantic Forest. Based on new distribution records, we assess if M. lavali is endemic to the South American dry diagonal corridor through species distribution modeling using an ensemble approach. We obtained 35 occurrences for the species and built a consensus scenario based on 12 algorithms to model its distribution. Even using different thresholds to assign presence and absence of M. lavali, 95–99% of its predicted distribution is within the dry corridor, with few areas in the boundary of the Atlantic Forest, especially in deciduous forests. Therefore, our results support that M. lavali is indeed very likely restricted to the dry diagonal and, although it occupies forested areas, the core of its distribution lies in the Caatinga and in the Cerrado regions of Brazil.

Reconstruction of the last three millennia South American Monsoon variability over the Amazon basin using speleothem isotope records 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Eduarda Della Libera de Godoy ◽  
Valdir F. Novello ◽  
Francisco William Cruz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Core Region ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Core

<p>South American Monsoon System (SAMS) and its main feature, the South American Convergence Zone (SACZ) are responsible for the major distribution of moisture in South America. The current work presents a novel high-resolution oxygen isotope record (δ<sup>18</sup>O) based on speleothems from southwest Amazon basin (Brazil), right at SAMS' core region and SACZ onset, where there is still a gap of high resolution paleoclimate records. The novel δ<sup>18</sup>O record presents an average of 3 year-resolution, composed by 1344 stable isotope analysis performed in two speleothems with a well-resolved chronology (37 U/Th ages) with average errors <1%. This work aims to describe the rainfall variability of the core region of the South American monsoon for the last 3k years and to take a broader look at precipitation patterns over Amazon basin. The Rondônia δ18O record shows three main stages throughout this time period. The first is from -1000 to ~400 CE, where it’s in accordance with most of other paleorecords from the Amazon basin. the second segment  is from ~400 to 1200 CE, when there is a continuous increase in the δ18O record until it reaches its highest values around 850 CE during the MCA (800-1200 CE), which is in accordance with western Amazon records, whilst the record in eastern Amazon presents an opposite trend. Thus, a precipitation dipole over Amazon emerges from ~400 CE onwards, majorly triggered by anomalous climate changes such as MCA, where western (eastern) Amazon is drier (wetter). During LIA (1450-1800 CE), on the other hand, Rondônia record presents its lowest values, also agreeing with western records and with records under the influence of SACZ whilst on eastern Amazon a drier period is established. Therefore, with this novel paleoclimate record located at the core region of SAMS, it's possible to evidence the dynamics of the precipitation dipole over the Amazon region, as well as understand the SACZ intensity variations.</p>

scholarly journals Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Fazenda Lontra/Saudade, Itanagra, Northern Coast of Bahia, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márlon Paluch ◽  
Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke ◽  
Lucílio Matos Linhares ◽  
Diego Carvalho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Record ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Butterfly Community ◽  
Forested Areas

The Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Fazenda Lontra/Saudade (FLS), located in the Northern Coast of Bahia state, Brazil, is the largest (1,377.33 ha) preserved Atlantic Forest area between Paraguaçu and São Francisco rivers in Bahia and Sergipe, respectively. A list of 260 species belonging to six families of butterflies is presented herein, being recorded 4 species of Papilionidae, 16 of Pieridae, 29 of Lycaenidae, 41 of Riodinidae, 87 of Nymphalidae and 83 of Hesperiidae. The butterfly community was composed mainly by widespread species commonly found in open habitats. There were also many species typical of forested areas, as such Morpho telemachus richardusFruhstorfer, 1898 (Nymphalidae: Morphini), a new record to the Northeastern Brazil.

A new endangered species of Psidium (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) from Bahia, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMÉLIA CARLOS TULER ◽  
ARIANE LUNA PEIXOTO ◽  
CAROLYN E.B. PROENÇA
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

This paper describes a new, very distinctive, endangered species of Psidium (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) occurring in Bahia in Northeastern Brazil, in the Diamantina Atlantic Forest center of endemism, considered in the Atlantic Forest domain although transitional with the Caatinga domain. It is a small tree up to 5m tall. The species, that we have named Psidium rotundidiscum, is promptly recognized by the combination of petioles 4–7mm long, young leaves that are densely ferrugineous pubescent, spathulate and strongly revolute and mature leaves that are glabrescent, revolute, with an inconspicuous venation. The inflorescences are terminal precocious (auxotelic) racemes with 1–2 pairs of flowers or solitary flowers on new growth. Floral buds are nearly closed, ca. 7–10mm long and densely ferruginous pubescent; specimens with open flowers are unknown. The oblate fruits, with a rounded disk with relatively few staminal scars and rather thick, explanate calyx lobes are also distinctive. The species is known from only three late 20th/early 21st century collections from deciduous forests, semi-deciduous forests, liana forests and xerophytic forests along a North to South extension of ca. 700 km in inland Bahia. Images of collections in bud and in fruit are furnished as well as a geographic distribution map.

Phylogenetic analysis of the South American sharpshooter genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with implications for conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-508
Author(s):  
AFONSO H. LEAL ◽  
ANTONIO J. CREÃO-DUARTE ◽  
GABRIEL MEJDALANI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
South American ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
The One

Scopogonalia is a leafhopper genus with 17 described species, all of them from South America. In this work, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus was conducted based on 59 morphological and colour pattern characters of head, thorax, abdomen, male and female genitalia. Analyses with equal weights resulted in 12 equally most parsimonious trees (length = 137) including a monophyletic Scopogonalia in all of them. An implied weights (k = 15) analysis recovered two trees, one of them equal to the one obtained with a single round successive weighting procedure, which was chosen for discussion. The trees support the existence of three main clades, which are here called Early Green Clade, Late Green Clade, and Yellow-Brown Clade. The origin and diversification of each clade is discussed under available biogeographical knowledge of South America. Little variation was observed in the female genitalia, but their characters were useful to reinforce the monophyly of the Yellow-Brown Clade, which we associate to ecological adaptations. This clade supports a past connection of the Cerrado biome and savannah enclaves in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. This conclusion highlights the necessity of conserving this open vegetation environment inside the most fragmented portion of the Atlantic Forest, in northeastern Brazil. 

scholarly journals Projected End-of-Century Changes in the South American Monsoon in the CESM Large Ensemble

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 7859-7874
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Thome Sena ◽  
Gudrun Magnusdottir
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
South American Monsoon ◽  
The Mean

AbstractProjected changes in the South American monsoon system by the end of the twenty-first century are analyzed using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LENS). The wet season is shorter in LENS when compared to observations, with the mean onset occurring 19 days later and the mean retreat date 21 days earlier in the season. Despite a precipitation bias, the seasonality of rainfall over South America is reproduced in LENS, as well as the main circulation features associated with the development of the South American monsoon. Both the onset and retreat of the wet season over South America are delayed in the future compared to current climate by 3 and 7 days, respectively, with a slightly longer wet season. Central and southeastern Brazil are projected to get wetter as a result of moisture convergence from the strengthening of the South Atlantic low-level jet and a weaker South Atlantic subtropical high. The Amazon is projected to get drier by the end of the century, negatively affecting rain forest productivity. During the wet season, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is found over most of South America, and especially over northeastern and southern Brazil and La Plata. Meanwhile, during the dry season an increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days is found over northeastern Brazil and the northern Amazon.

Five new species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

Neodiversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Earl Chagas ◽  
◽  
James Costa-Lima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Five new species of Ruellia from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil are described: Ruellia curupira, R. fulozinha, R. insurrecta, R. jiboia, and R. taboleirana. Ruellia curupira (from the States of Alagoas and Bahia), R. fulozinha (Alagoas and Pernambuco), R. insurrecta (Alagoas), and R. jiboia (Alagoas and Bahia) occur exclusively in forested areas, whereas R. taboleirana is restricted to “Tabuleiros litorâneos” (Tabuleiro savanna) vegetation from Rio Grande do Norte to Alagoas. Due to the restricted distribution, resulting from high fragmented areas and the imminent threats, the five new species here proposed are provisionally considered under some degree of threat in accordance with the IUCN criteria. We provide morphological descriptions, comments on morphological affinities, data on habitat and distribution, as well as illustrations and photographs of living plants.

scholarly journals Evolution of Dendrocolaptes platyrostris (Aves: Furnariidae) between the South American open vegetation corridor and the Atlantic forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO S. CABANNE ◽  
FERNANDO M. D'HORTA ◽  
DIOGO MEYER ◽  
JOSÉ M. C. SILVA ◽  
CRISTINA Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Daily Precipitation Statistics for South America: An Intercomparison between NCEP Reanalyses and Observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane B. S. Silva ◽  
Vernon E. Kousky ◽  
R. Wayne Higgins
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Monsoon System ◽  
Dry Bias

Abstract In this study, the authors document the extent to which the precipitation statistics of the new CFS reanalysis (CFSR) represent an improvement over the earlier reanalyses: the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (R1) and the NCEP–DOE Second Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (R2). An intercomparison between the CFSR, R1, R2, and observations over South America was made for the period 1979–2006. The CFSR shows notable improvements in the large-scale precipitation patterns compared with the previous reanalyses (R1 and R2). In spite of these improvements, the CFSR has substantial biases in intensity and frequency of occurrence of rainfall events. Over west-central Brazil, the core region of the South American monsoon system (SAMS), the CFSR displays a dry bias during the onset phase of the SAMS wet season and a wet bias during the peak and decay phases of the SAMS wet season. The CFSR also displays a dry bias along the South American coast near the mouth of the Amazon and along the east coast of northeastern Brazil. A wet bias exists in all seasons over southeast Brazil and over the Andes Mountains.

scholarly journals Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael P. Leitão ◽  
Érica P. Caramaschi ◽  
Jansen Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Forest Streams

Following behavior is a widespread feeding tactic among marine fishes, but remains poorly documented for freshwater fishes. The present study describes such association between two freshwater species: the minute armored catfish Parotocinclus maculicauda and the South American darter Characidium sp. During underwater observations in an Atlantic Forest stream, we recorded Characidium sp. closely following P. maculicauda (<5cm), catching the particles dislodged by this catfish's grazing activity. The following behavior displayed by the darter is considered opportunistic and possibly favors the capture of preys associated to the periphyton. This study is one of the few records of nuclear-follower feeding association between freshwater fishes and the first one in Atlantic Forest streams.

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