scholarly journals The Effect of the Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus on Food Consumption in Its Adult Host, the Common House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Rachimi ◽  
John P Burand ◽  
Chris Geden ◽  
John G Stoffolano
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

Abstract The Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) substantially enlarges the house fly’s salivary glands and prevents or delays ovarian development in its adult host, but the effect that MdSGHV has on the house fly’s food consumption is currently unknown. Using house flies from a laboratory-reared colony, we evaluated the effect of MdSGHV infection on food consumption over a 7-d period. Both treatment (virus-infected) and control (saline-injected) flies were provided with a choice of 8% sucrose solution and 4% powdered milk solution to determine food preferences. Quantities of each solution consumed were measured every 24 h for each fly to measure food consumptions. Infected house flies were shown to consume less overall of both solutions than house flies injected with saline. The largest consumption discrepancy was seen between female house flies. Healthy female flies with developing ovaries continued to consume a sugar and protein diet, whereas infected female flies fed predominantly on a sugar diet. Additionally, infected male and female flies consumed significantly lower quantities of protein and sucrose than control flies. This suggests that MdSGHV has a negative consumption effect (e.g., hunger, starvation) on its host. Thus, differences in food consumption of infected and control flies probably represent differences in the nutritional requirements of flies resulting from viral infection.

scholarly journals Disease Dynamics and Persistence of Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Infections in Laboratory House Fly (Musca domestica) Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena-Ulrike Lietze ◽  
Christopher J. Geden ◽  
Melissa A. Doyle ◽  
Drion G. Boucias
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

ABSTRACTPast surveys of feral house fly populations have shown thatMusca domesticasalivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) has a worldwide distribution, with an average prevalence varying between 0.5% and 10%. How this adult-specific virus persists in nature is unknown. In the present study, experiments were conducted to examine short-term transmission efficiency and long-term persistence of symptomatic MdSGHV infections in confined house fly populations. Average rates of disease transmission from virus-infected to healthy flies in small populations of 50 or 100 flies ranged from 3% to 24% and did not vary between three tested geographical strains that originated from different continents. Introduction of an initial proportion of 40% infected flies into fly populations did not result in epizootics. Instead, long-term observations demonstrated that MdSGHV infection levels declined over time, resulting in a 10% infection rate after passing through 10 filial generations. In all experiments, induced disease rates were significantly higher in male flies than in female flies and might be explained by male-specific behaviors that increased contact with viremic flies and/or virus-contaminated surfaces.

scholarly journals Tissue tropism of the Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena-Ulrike Lietze ◽  
Tamer Z. Salem ◽  
Pannipa Prompiboon ◽  
Drion G. Boucias
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DALAM BENTUK LILIN AROMATIK TERHADAP JUMLAH LALAT RUMAH (Musca domestica) YANG TERTOLAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Rika Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research Type

House fly is one of diseases vector that can bring some pathogens bacteria to human such as typoid, cholera, dysentery, and wormy, so it is necessary to control its efforts with citrus leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) vegetable leaf insecticide into aromatic candle. This study aims to determine the difference of various concentration of citrus leaves extract (Citrus aurantifolia) into aromatic candle to the number of house flies (Musca domestica) rejected, with concentrations of 0,4%, 0,6%, 0,8%, and control. This research type is experiment, samples were musca domestica flies as much as 525 flies, with 6 replications and 3 treatments, The sampling technique used is random sampling, and data collection techniques with calculated the percentage of the number of flies rejected and measured the temperature and humidity of the room, the observed duration of 60 minutes observed every minute, this study used Kruskal-Wallis and T Test analysis. The percentage of houseflies rejected at concentration 0.4% is 81.98%, at a concentration 0.6% is 86.43%, and at a concentration 0.8 % is 92.82%. Kruskal-Wallis statistical test result p ≤ α (0,045 ≤ 0,05), then there is a difference of citrus leaves extract concentration (Citrus aurantifolia) into aromatic candle to number of house flies (Musca domestica) rejected, it is recommended that community use the citrus leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) into aromatic candle to deny the house flies, especially in street food.

scholarly journals Analysis of transcripts from predicted open reading frames of Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Z. Salem ◽  
Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak ◽  
Verena-U. Lietze ◽  
James E. Maruniak ◽  
Drion G. Boucias
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Putative Orfs ◽  
Single Transcript ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

The Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) is a large dsDNA virus that infects and sterilizes adult houseflies. The transcriptome of this newly described virus was analysed by rapid amplification of cDNA 3′-ends (3′-RACE) and RT-PCR. Direct sequencing of 3′-RACE products revealed 78 poly(A) transcripts containing 95 of the 108 putative ORFs. An additional six ORFs not amplified by 3′-RACE were detected by RT-PCR. Only seven of the 108 putative ORFs were not amplified by either 3′-RACE or RT-PCR. A series of 5′-RACE reactions were conducted on selected ORFs that were identified by 3′-RACE to be transcribed in tandem (tandem transcripts). In the majority of cases, the downstream ORFs were detected as single transcripts as well as components of the tandem transcripts, whereas the upstream ORFs were found only in tandem transcripts. The only exception was the upstream ORF MdSGHV084, which was differentially transcribed as a single transcript at 1 and 2 days post-infection (days p.i.) and as a tandem transcript (MdSGHV084/085) at 2 days p.i. Transcriptome analysis of MdSGHV detected splicing in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and extensive heterogeneity in the polyadenylation signals and cleavage sites. In addition, 23 overlapping antisense transcripts were found. In conclusion, sequencing the 3′-RACE products without cloning served as an alternative approach to detect both 3′-UTRs and transcript variants of this large DNA virus.

scholarly journals Impact of House Fly Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) on a Heterologous Host, Stomoxys calcitrans

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Geden ◽  
A. Garcia-Maruniak ◽  
V. U. Lietze ◽  
J. Maruniak ◽  
D. G. Boucias
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Heterologous Host ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

scholarly journals Evaluation of light-traps with coloured glue-boards for sampling and control of the house fly Musca domestica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Colacci ◽  
G. Spina ◽  
M. Boccamazzo ◽  
A. Sciarretta ◽  
P. Trematerra
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Neon Lamp ◽  
And Control

Results regarding the combination of light-traps and coloured glue-boards for the trap and control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are reported. Monitoring was performed using as basic structure PRO 80S UV fluorescent fly traps in a confinement swine farm in the south of Italy. During the trials, neon traps with a combination of glue-boards (yellow vs black and yellow vs white) and neon vs LED traps with yellow glue-boards were evaluated. Results indicated that yellow and black glue-boards were equally attractive to flies, with no significant differences. Light-traps captured significantly more flies when a white glue-board was used rather than a yellow panel. The neon lamp attracted significantly more flies than the LED lamp. According to our results, light-traps with white panels have potential to be employed in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for monitoring and controlling house flies in livestock farms and in food processing, reducing risks in dissemination of pathogens which have the potential to affect humans or animals.

scholarly journals Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pannipa Prompiboon ◽  
Verena-Ulrike Lietze ◽  
John S. S. Denton ◽  
Christopher J. Geden ◽  
Tove Steenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus

ABSTRACT The housefly, Musca domestica, is a cosmopolitan pest of livestock and poultry and is of economic, veterinary, and public health importance. Populations of M. domestica are naturally infected with M. domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV), a nonoccluded double-stranded DNA virus that inhibits egg production in infected females and is characterized by salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms. MdSGHV has been detected in housefly samples from North America, Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and the southwestern Pacific. In this study, houseflies were collected from various locations and dissected to observe SGH symptoms, and infected gland pairs were collected for MdSGHV isolation and amplification in laboratory-reared houseflies. Differences among the MdSGHV isolates were examined by using molecular and bioassay approaches. Approximately 600-bp nucleotide sequences from each of five open reading frames having homology to genes encoding DNA polymerase and partial homology to the genes encoding four per os infectivity factor proteins (p74, pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3) were selected for phylogenetic analyses. Nucleotide sequences from 16 different geographic isolates were highly homologous, and the polymorphism detected was correlated with geographic source. The virulence of the geographic MdSGHV isolates was evaluated by per os treatment of newly emerged and 24-h-old houseflies with homogenates of infected salivary glands. In all cases, 24-h-old flies displayed a resistance to oral infection that was significantly greater than that displayed by newly eclosed adults. Regardless of the MdSGHV isolate tested, all susceptible insects displayed similar degrees of SGH and complete suppression of oogenesis.

Involvement of Follicular Patency in the Ovarian Developmental Block in Virus-infected, MdSGHV, House Flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawheen Fagan ◽  
Arianna Ramirez ◽  
Sara Serdy ◽  
John G Stoffolano
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Dye Staining ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy

Abstract The Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) is known to have marked effects on the female Musca domestica L. (or common house fly) reproductive system, particularly regarding the size and functionality of the ovaries. Examination of the terminal ovarian follicles can help determine if and how MdSGHV mechanistically causes the block in ovarian development. In this study, terminal ovarian follicle lengths were measured and monitored for patency using Trypan blue dye staining. We examined the effect of MdSGHV infection on female house fly ovarian follicles and attempted to rescue the diminished ovarian follicles in MdSGHV-infected house flies through the application of a hormonal treatment (i.e., methoprene). Comparison of patency in control saline-injected females, virus-injected females with no methoprene application, and virus-injected females with topical methoprene application revealed that none of the virus-infected flies showed an increase in terminal follicular length beyond stage 3 follicles (staging according to Adams 1974). Additionally, none showed evidence of patency. In control, saline-injected females, we found the threshold length of the terminal follicles for the onset of patency to be 600 µm. When examined at 48, 72, and 96 h post-eclosion, average follicle length for infected females seldom reached 250 µm and they also failed to display patency. Thus, the virus is somehow involved in shutting down the mechanism involved in follicular patency. The lack of patency in infected follicles may also be one of the determining factors preventing vertical transmission of the pathogen.

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