First Report of Adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistance to Pyrethroids in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Harburguer ◽  
Paula V Gonzalez ◽  
Eduardo Zerba
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Abstract Severe human arboviral diseases can be transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Adult control using spatial sprays with adulticides is recommended only when dengue outbreaks occur. In Argentina, mainly pyrethroids, like cis-permethrin, have been used as an adulticide, especially since 2008. The evolution and spread of resistance to insecticides is a major concern for vector control. This study reports for the first time pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti adults from Argentina, in the city of Salvador Mazza (Salta). WHO discriminating doses of 0.75% were used for permethrin, 0.05% for deltamethrin, and 5% for malathion. Also the discriminating dose for cis-permethrin (0.6%) was calculated and evaluated for the first time. We found a resistance ratio 50 (RR50) of 10.3 (9.7–10.4) for cis-permethrin, which is considered as high resistance. Our results also indicated resistance to deltamethrin (22.6% mortality) and permethrin (53.6% mortality), and a total susceptibility to malathion (100% mortality). Results from this study highlight the importance of the correct use of insecticides within an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) approach and of early detection of resistance to enable Ae. aegypti control in Argentina. More studies are needed to determine the spread of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids.

Insecticide Resistance Patterns and Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Across Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Reveal Emergent Pyrethroid Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien Yao Konan ◽  
Welbeck Achille Oumbouke ◽  
Urbain Garhapié Silué ◽  
Ibrahima Zanakoungo Coulibaly ◽  
Jean-Claude Tokou Ziogba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The City

Abstract From 2008 to 2017, the city of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire experienced several Aedes-borne disease epidemics which required control of the vector mosquito population based on the reduction of larval habitats and insecticidal sprays for adult mosquitoes. This study was undertaken to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in the city of Abidjan. Immature Ae. aegypti were sampled from several larval habitats within seven communes of Abidjan and reared to adults. Three to five days old F1 emerged adults were tested for susceptibility using insecticide-impregnated papers and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) following WHO bioassay guidelines. The results showed that Ae. aegypti populations from Abidjan were resistant to 0.1% propoxur, and 1% fenitrothion, with mortality rates ranging from 0% to 54.2%. Reduced susceptibility (93.4–97.5% mortality) was observed to 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 5% malathion, and 0.8% chlorpyrifos-methyl. This reduced susceptibility varied depending on the insecticide and the collection site. The restoration of mortality when the mosquitoes were pre-exposed to the synergist PBO suggests that increased activity of oxidases could be contributing to resistance. Three kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I, and F1534C) were present in populations tested, with low frequencies for the Leu410 (0.28) and Ile1016 (0.32) alleles and high frequencies for the Cys1534 allele (0.96). These findings will be used to inform future arbovirus vector control activities in Abidjan.

scholarly journals A Field Efficacy Evaluation of In2Care Mosquito Traps in Comparison with Routine Integrated Vector Management at Reducing Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Eva A. Buckner ◽  
Katie F. Williams ◽  
Samantha Ramirez ◽  
Constance Darrisaw ◽  
Juliana M. Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is the predominant vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. This mosquito is difficult to control with conventional methods due to its container-inhabiting behavior and resistance to insecticides. Autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF), a potent larvicide, has shown promise as an additional tool to control Aedes species in small-scale field trials. However, few large-scale field evaluations have been conducted. We undertook a 6-month-long large-scale field study to compare the effectiveness and operational feasibility of using In2Care Mosquito Traps (In2Care Traps, commercially available Aedes traps with PPF and Beauveria bassiana) compared to an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy consisting of source reduction, larviciding, and adulticiding for controlling Ae. aegypti eggs, larvae, and adults. We found that while the difference between treatments was only statistically significant for eggs and larvae (P < 0.05 for eggs and larvae and P > 0.05 for adults), the use of In2Care Traps alone resulted in 60%, 57%, and 57% fewer eggs, larvae, and adults, respectively, collected from that site compared to the IVM site. However, In2Care Trap deployment and maintenance were more time consuming and labor intensive than the IVM strategy. Thus, using In2Care Traps alone as a control method for large areas (e.g., >20 ha) may be less practical for control programs with the capacity to conduct ground and aerial larviciding and adulticiding. Based on our study results, we conclude that In2Care Traps are effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti and have the most potential for use in areas without sophisticated control programs and within IVM programs to target hotspots with high population levels and/or risk of Aedes-borne pathogen transmission.

scholarly journals First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to controlling arboviral diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kasai ◽  
Beniamino Caputo ◽  
Takashi Tsunoda ◽  
Tran Chi Cuong ◽  
Yoshihide Maekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Introduction Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector of arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus disease. Monitoring insecticide resistance and mechanisms by which the mosquito develops resistance is crucial to minimise disease transmission. Aim To determine insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in Ae. albopictus from different geographical regions. Methods We sampled 33 populations of Ae. albopictus from Asia, Europe and South America, and tested these for susceptibility to permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. In resistant populations, the target site for pyrethroids, a voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) was genotyped. Three resistant sub-strains, each harbouring a resistance allele homozygously, were established and susceptibilities to three different pyrethroids (with and without a cytochrome P450 inhibitor) were assayed. Results Most populations of Ae. albopictus tested were highly susceptible to permethrin but a few from Italy and Vietnam (4/33), exhibited high-level resistance. Genotyping studies detected a knockdown resistance (kdr) allele V1016G in Vssc for the first time in Ae. albopictus. Two previously reported kdr alleles, F1534C and F1534S, were also detected. The bioassays indicated that the strain homozygous for the V1016G allele showed much greater levels of pyrethroid resistance than other strains harbouring F1534C or F1534S. Conclusion The V1016G allele was detected in both Asian and Italian Ae. albopictus populations, thus a spread of this allele beyond Italy in Europe cannot be ruled out. This study emphasises the necessity to frequently and regularly monitor the V1016G allele in Ae. albopictus, particularly where this mosquito species is the main vector of arboviruses.

scholarly journals Ultra-Low Volume Application of Spinosad (Natular 2EC) Larvicide as a Residual in a Tropical Environment Against Aedes and Anopheles Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
Kenneth J. Linthicum ◽  
Robert L. Aldridge ◽  
Frances V. Golden ◽  
Arissara Pongsiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Anopheles Dirus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Low Volume

ABSTRACT We investigated the efficacy of a liquid larvicide, Natular 2EC® (spinosad), applied with ultra-low volume sprayer as a residual application during the dry season in southeastern Thailand against 4 medically important species—Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles dirus, and An. minimus. We found that this larvicide could be applied as a residual to dry areas known to collect water and potentially still be effective after rains or irrigation, which could increase the flexibility and efficiency of an integrated vector management program targeting these species. This investigation also demonstrated, for the 1st time, efficacy of spinosad against An. minimus and An. dirus.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular-based identification of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), a main vector of Dengue Fever, the first record in Iran after decades.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayat Dorzaban ◽  
Aboozar Soltani ◽  
Hamzeh Alipour ◽  
Jafar Hatami ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaber Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background : Aedes aegypti is an important vector for transmission of some dangerous arboviral diseases including Dengue Fever. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran in order to survey the existence of this invasive species in oriental parts of the country located near the Persian Gulf during August 2017 to January 2020. Methods : Different sampling methods were used to collect all stages of mosquitoes in five selected cities of Hormozgan province, south of Iran. After morphological identification, a molecular study based on Cytochrome Oxidase (CO1) gene-specific primers was performed to identify them more precisely. Then, the CO1 gene were sequenced via the Sanger method. Results : Totally, 4560 adults and 3520 larvae were collected from all sampling areas. Thirty-one Aedes aegypti specimens were identified from Bandar Khamir and Bandar Lengeh seaports. Conclusion : Based on the biology and ecology of Aedes aegypti , the possibility of establishment of this species in this region is very high due to the tropical climate of this region. Considering the detection of this invasive vector, high incidence of some arboviral diseases in the neighboring countries, and continuous movements of the settlers of these areas, some potential outbreaks of arboviral diseases can be predicted. Thus, planning and implementing an immediate preventative and surveillance program is vital in order to prevent the establishment of this invasive vector in this area. Keywords : Aedes aegypti , Dengue Fever, vector surveillance, CO1 Gene, Iran

scholarly journals The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene Mutations in the Resistance of Aedes aegypti L. to Pyrethroid Permethrin in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Islami ◽  
Anggi Puspa Nur Hidayati ◽  
Heri Wibowo ◽  
Din Syafruddin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
A Current

Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector that could transmit various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Several human diseases transmitted by Ae. aegypti mosquito are dengue fever (DHF), Chikungunya, Yellow Fever and Zika. The occurance of resistance to various insecticides, including pyrethroid, is a current problem faced by various countries. In this research, a WHO bioassay test on Palembang and Jakarta Ae. aegypti was conducted using 0.25% permethrin pyrethroid insecticide. VGSC gene fragments associated with pyrethroid resistance (L982, S989, I1011, L1014, V1016 and F1534) of resistant and sensitive strains were amplified and analyzed. The test showed the presence of resistance in Ae. aegypti isolates from Palembang and Jakarta. From the results of VGSC gene fragment analyses, it was known that there were mutations (S989P and/or V1016G) on isolates from Palembang and (S989P and/or V1016G) on resistant isolates from Jakarta.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Lao PDR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaki Shimono ◽  
Seiji Kanda ◽  
Pheophet Lamaningao ◽  
Yuki Murakami ◽  
Andrew Waleluma Darcy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Vector Management

Abstract Background Aedes aegypti, which is widely distributed in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), is the primary vector of arboviral diseases. Chemical insecticides have been intensively used to eliminate mosquito-borne diseases, resulting in the development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the insecticide resistance of mosquito populations in Lao PDR and the mechanisms responsible for it, which have important implications for vector management programs. Here, we examined the phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR. Methods Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from four sites in Lao PDR, and their susceptibility to temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was tested using larval bioassays. Synergistic tests were also conducted to evaluate the activity of insecticide-metabolizing enzymes in the larvae. Deltamethrin-resistant and Deltamethrin-susceptible larvae were then genotyped for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations to determine the associations between each genotype and resistance. Results Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were considered to be “resistant” (<98% mortality) to organophosphates and pyrethroids. The bio-insecticide Bti remains effective against such larvae. The resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti larvae were found to vary among populations, especially for pyrethroid resistance. Kdr mutations were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti from the Xaythany population. In contrast, synergist assays with piperonyl butoxide suggested that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases played an important role in the resistance seen in the Khounkham and Thakhek populations. Conclusion This study obtained information that will aid the design and implementation of insecticide-based vector management of Ae. aegypti in central Lao PDR. Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were highly susceptible to Bti, while they were resistant to temephos at a diagnostic dose of 0.0286 mg/L. Given the limited number of insecticides that are approved for vector control, it is important to alternate between temephos and other larvicides, such as Bti and pyriproxyfen. The differences in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms seen among the Ae. aegypti populations highlight the need to tailor vector-control strategies to each region to increase the success of dengue control in Lao PDR.

scholarly journals TRUCK-MOUNTED NATULAR 2EC (SPINOSAD) ULV RESIDUAL TREATMENT IN A SIMULATED URBAN ENVIRONMENT TO CONTROL AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS IN NORTH FLORIDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Aldridge ◽  
Frances V. Golden ◽  
Seth C. Britch ◽  
Jessika Blersch ◽  
Kenneth J. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Treatment Application

ABSTRACT Preemptive treatment of dry habitats with an ultra-low volume (ULV) residual larvicide may be effective in an integrated vector management program to control populations of container-inhabiting Aedes mosquitoes, key vectors of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. We exposed dry, artificial containers placed in exposed and protected locations to Natular 2EC (spinosad) larvicide applied with a truck-mounted ULV sprayer in a simulated urban setting in North Florida, and later introduced water and Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus larvae to conduct bioassays. Up to 50% mortality was observed in bioassays, indicating further analysis of spinosad as a residual treatment application.

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