Evidence of a Glucose-Insulin Imbalance and Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Level in Chickens Selected for High Abdominal Fat Content

Abstract Context Recent evidence has related circulating branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs) to ectopic fat distribution. Objective To investigate the associations of changes in plasma BCAAs induced by weight-loss diet interventions with hepatic fat and abdominal fat, and potential modification by different diets. Design, Setting, and Participants The current study included 184 participants from the 2-year Preventing Overweight and Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial with repeated measurements on plasma BCAAs, hepatic fat, and abdominal fat over 2 years. Main Outcome Measures Repeated measurements of hepatic fat, abdominal fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT). Results Over 2 years, a decrease in total plasma BCAAs was significantly associated with improvement in hepatic density (a marker for hepatic fat; P = 0.02) and reductions in abdominal fat, including VAT, SAT, and TAT (all P < 0.05) in the main analyses. Additionally, we observed that decreases in BCAAs were associated with decreased insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides, independent of weight loss (all P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that dietary protein intake significantly modified the relation between changes in total plasma BCAAs and hepatic density at 6 months (Pinteraction = 0.01). Participants with a larger decrease in total BCAAs showed a greater increase in hepatic density when consuming a high-protein diet, compared with those with a smaller decrease or increase in total BCAAs. Conclusions Our findings indicate that weight-loss diet-induced decrease in plasma BCAAs is associated with reductions of hepatic and abdominal fat. In addition, dietary protein intake may modify these associations.

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Effect of Dietary Thyroxine on Muscle Protein Metabolism and Abdominal Fat Content in Broiler Chicken in Hot and Moderate Environments

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.61.1107 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1107-1112

Author(s):

Kunioki HAYASHI ◽

Shunichi KUKITA ◽

Michiko MUKAI ◽

Masaaki TOYOMIZU ◽

Yuichiro TOMITA

Keyword(s):

Protein Metabolism ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Muscle Protein Metabolism

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Studies on the effect of dietary protein and fat content upon DDT metabolism in rat liver

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1080/15287398209530226 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mitsuru Ando

Keyword(s):

Rat Liver ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Fat Content

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Adherence to a plant-based diet in relation to adipose tissue volumes and liver fat content

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 354-363

Author(s):

Ilka Ratjen ◽

Jakub Morze ◽

Janna Enderle ◽

Marcus Both ◽

Jan Borggrefe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Liver Fat Content ◽

Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Better adherence to plant-based diets has been linked to lower risk of metabolic diseases but the effect on abdominal fat distribution and liver fat content is unclear. Objectives We aimed to examine the association between different plant-based diet indices and measures of abdominal fat distribution and liver fat content. Methods In a population-based sample of 578 individuals from Northern Germany (57% male, median age 62 y), diet was assessed with a validated FFQ and an overall, a healthy, and an unhealthy plant-based diet index were derived. Participants underwent MRI to assess volumes of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and liver signal intensity (LSI), a measure of liver fat content. Fatty liver disease (FLD) was defined as log LSI ≥3.0. Cross-sectional associations of the plant-based diet indices with visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes, LSI, and FLD were assessed in linear and logistic regression analyses. The most comprehensive model adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, energy intake, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI. Results Higher overall and healthy plant-based diet indices both revealed statistically significant associations with lower visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue volumes and with lower odds of FLD in multivariable-adjusted models without BMI. Upon additional adjustment for BMI, only the association of the healthy plant-based diet with visceral adipose tissue remained statistically significant (per 10-point higher healthy plant-based diet index, percentage change in visceral adipose tissue: −4.9%, 95% CI: −8.6%, −2.0%). None of the plant-based diet indices was associated with LSI. The unhealthy plant-based diet index was unrelated to any of the abdominal or liver fat parameters. Conclusions Adherence to healthy plant-based diets was associated with lower visceral adipose tissue. None of the other examined associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for BMI.

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Comparative Effects of Dietary Protein and Cholesterol-Fat Content on Genetically Lean and Obese Pigs

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/116.6.1116 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 1116-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wilson G. Pond ◽

Jong-Tseng Yen ◽

Harry J. Mersmann ◽

Wanda M. Haschek

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Fat Content

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Effect of Dietary Protein on the Fat Content of Feces

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.175.2.310 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 175 (2) ◽

pp. 310-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. F. Magee ◽

K. S. Kim ◽

A. C. Ivy

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Fat Content

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Quality and Physicochemical Traits of Carcasses and Meat from Geese Fed with Lupin-Rich Feed

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 519 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Kuźniacka ◽

Marcin Hejdysz ◽

Mirosław Banaszak ◽

Jakub Biesek ◽

Sebastian Kaczmarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

White Lupin ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 1

The aim of the study was to analyze the quality of geese meat receiving feed with soybean meal (group 1), yellow lupin (group 2), narrow-leaved lupin (group 3), or white lupin (group 4). In total, 400 male White Kołuda® geese were randomly assigned to four groups, with 10 replicates and 10 birds each, during the 77-day rearing period. After the end of the rearing period, 10 birds from each group were slaughtered and dissected. Meat quality traits were measured. Based on the production results, it can be concluded that geese use fodder with yellow and white lupin to the same degree as in the case of the control group and higher body weight gain was recorded in the first rearing period. In contrast, the use of narrow-leaved lupin in mixtures for geese worsened the feed used. Meat traits were similar in all groups, including the content of muscles and fat in the carcass (p > 0.05), excluding abdominal fat. The weight of abdominal fat and its proportion in the carcass were higher (p < 0.05) in geese from group 4. A higher (p < 0.05) pH was found in group 1. The protein and intramuscular fat content in breast muscles was highest (p < 0.05) in geese from group 4, and a higher water content was found in group 1. The protein content in leg muscles was higher in group 3, and the fat content was higher in group 4 (p < 0.05). The color and water-holding capacity of meat were comparable in all groups (p > 0.05). The analysis revealed a positive effect of replacing soybean meal with alternative protein sources, especially yellow and white lupin, on the growth performance and quality of goose meat.

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