scholarly journals Zinc Absorption From Agronomically Biofortified Wheat Is Similar to Post-Harvest Fortified Wheat and Is a Substantial Source of Bioavailable Zinc in Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Signorell ◽  
Michael B Zimmermann ◽  
Ismail Cakmak ◽  
Rita Wegmüller ◽  
Christophe Zeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Tracer Ratio

ABSTRACT Background Limited data exist on human zinc absorption from wheat biofortified via foliar (FBW) or root (hydroponically fortified wheat, HBW) zinc application. Stable isotope labels added at point of consumption (extrinsic labeling) might not reflect absorption from native zinc obtained by intrinsic labeling. Objectives We measured fractional and total zinc absorption (FAZ, TAZ) in FBW and HBW wheat, compared with control wheat (CW) and fortified wheat (FW). The effect of labeling method was assessed in HBW (study 1), and the effect of milling extraction rate (EXR, 80% and 100%) in FBW (studies 2 and 3). Methods Generally healthy adults (n = 71, age: 18–45 y, body mass index: 18.5–25 kg/m2) were allocated to 1 of the studies, in which they served as their own controls. In study 1, men and women consumed wheat porridges colabeled intrinsically and extrinsically with 67Zn and 70Zn. In studies 2 and 3, women consumed wheat flatbreads (chapatis) labeled extrinsically. Zinc absorption was measured with the oral to intravenous tracer ratio method with a 4-wk wash-out period between meals. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results In study 1 there were no differences in zinc absorption from extrinsic versus intrinsic labels in either FW or HBW. Similarly, FAZ and TAZ from FW and HBW did not differ. TAZ was 70–76% higher in FW and HBW compared with CW (P < 0.01). In studies 2 and 3, TAZ from FW and FBW did not differ but was 20–48% higher compared with CW (P < 0.001). Extraction rate had no effect on TAZ. Conclusions Colabeling demonstrates that extrinsic zinc isotopic labels can be used to accurately quantify zinc absorption from wheat in humans. Biofortification through foliar zinc application, root zinc application, or fortification provides higher TAZ compared with unfortified wheat. In biofortified wheat, extraction rate (100–80%) has a limited impact on total zinc absorption. These studies were registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01775319).

scholarly journals Effect of zinc fertilisation on yield and selected qualitative parameters of broccoli

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šlosár Miroslav ◽  
Mezeyová Ivana ◽  
Hegedüsová Alžbeta ◽  
Andrejiová Alena ◽  
Kováčik Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

Three treatments were used in two-year (2014–2015) field experiments with broccoli cv. Bejo 2914 F1: (1) untreated control; (2) Zn<sub>0.75</sub> – Zinkuran SC as foliar fertiliser at the rate of 0.75 L/ha (375 g Zn/ha); (3) Zn<sub>1.50</sub> – Zinkuran SC as foliar fertiliser at the rate of 1.50 L/ha (750 g Zn/ha). The statistically significant differences of individual broccoli parameters were found after zinc applications. In both experimental years the yield of broccoli with additional zinc fertilisation was significantly higher by about 8.2–14.4% (Zn<sub>0.75</sub>) and 12.5–17.5% (Zn<sub>1.50</sub>), respectively, than in the control. Foliar zinc application significantly increased the sulforaphane content in broccoli florets by about 19.8–32.9% (Zn<sub>0.75</sub>) and 37.2–49.3% (Zn<sub>1.50</sub>), respectively, compared to the control. By contrast, the content of total polyphenolics (of about 9.0–12.5% (Zn<sub>0.75</sub>) and 33.9–35.2% (Zn<sub>1.50</sub>)) and antioxidant activity (Zn<sub>0.75</sub> (3.7–4.2%) and Zn<sub>1.50</sub> (5.3–7.0)) decreased as a result of zinc fertilisation. The investigations pointed to zinc as a very important micronutrient with strong influence on the yield and chosen qualitative, health promoting parameters of broccoli.

Response of irrigated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) yield to foliar zinc application in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Valenciano ◽  
M. M. Miguélez‐Frade ◽  
V. Marcelo ◽  
B. Reinoso
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

scholarly journals Effects of foliar application of micronutrients on concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in wheat landraces and cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Jingli Ma ◽  
Lina Jiang ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Yongqu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

AbstractFoliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain. To explore the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on the concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in grain in wheat cultivars and landraces, field experiments were carried out using 65 wheat cultivars and 28 landraces to assess the effects of foliar application of zinc (iron) on phytic acid concentrations, zinc (iron) concentrations and their molar ratios. The results indicated that mean grain zinc concentration of landraces (44.83 mg kg−1) was 11.13% greater than that of cultivars (40.34 mg kg−1) on average across seasons, while grain iron concentration did not differ significantly between landraces (41.00 mg kg−1) and cultivars (39.43 mg kg−1). Foliar zinc application significantly improved the concentration and bioavailability of zinc in grains in both cultivars and landraces, while landraces had almost two-fold more increase in grain zinc and also greater improvement in zinc bioavailability compared to cultivars. While foliar iron application did not significantly affect iron concentration and bioavailability in grains in either cultivars or landraces. Our study showed that, with foliar application of zinc but not iron, wheat landraces had better performance than cultivars in terms of the increases in both concentration and bioavailability of micronutrient in grains.

scholarly journals Soil and foliar zinc application to biofortify broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.): effects on the zinc concentration and bioavailability

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Angelica Rivera-Martin ◽  
Martin R Broadley ◽  
Maria J Poblaciones
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

Agronomic zinc (Zn) biofortification of crops could help to alleviate dietary Zn deficiency, which is likely to affect more than one billion people worldwide. To evaluate the efficiency of agronomic Zn biofortification of broccoli, four application treatments were tested: no Zn application (control); soil application of 5 mg/kg ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7 H<sub>2</sub>O (soil); two sprays (15 mL/pot each) of 0.25% (w/v) ZnSO<sub>4</sub>·7 H<sub>2</sub>O (foliar); and soil + foliar combination. Soil Zn application increased Zn-DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) concentration by 3.7-times but did not affect plant growth or plant Zn concentration. Foliar Zn application increased stem + leaves and floret Zn concentration by 78 and 23 mg Zn/kg, respectively, with good bioavailability based on phytic acid concentration. Boiling decreased mineral concentration by 19%, but increased bioavailability by decreasing the phytic acid concentration. The entire broccoli could constitute a good nutritional source for animals and humans. An intake of 100 g boiled florets treated with the foliar treatment will cover about 36% of recommended dietary intake (RDI) of Zn, together with 30% of Ca, 94% of K, 32% of Mg, 6% of Na, 55% of P, 60% of S, 10% of Cu, 22% of Fe, 43% of Mn, and 35% of Se RDIs.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Small Transportation Company’s Start-Up with Limited Data during Economic Recession

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Fang ◽  
Jake Ansell ◽  
Weiya Chen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Simple Regression Model

This paper presents a modeling method for analyzing a small transportation company’s start-up and growth during a global economic crisis which had an impact on China which is designed to help the owners make better investment and operating decisions with limited data. Since there is limited data, simple regression model and binary regression model failed to generate satisfactory results, so an additive periodic time series model was built to forecast business orders and income. Since the transportation market is segmented by business type and transportation distance, a polynomial model and logistic curve model were constructed to forecast the growth trend of each segmented transportation market, and the seasonal influence function was fitted by seasonal ratio method. Although both of the models produced satisfactory results and showed very nearly the same of goodness-of-fit in the sample, the logistic model presented better forecasting performance out of the sample therefore closer to the reality. Additionally, by checking the development trajectory of the case company’s business and the financial crisis in 2008, the modeling and analysis suggest that the sample company is affected by national macroeconomic factors such as GDP and import & export, and this effect comes with a time lag of one to two years.

Quantifying NH3 and CH4 emissions from a dairy housing using backward Lagrangian stochastic modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Häni ◽  
Marcel Bühler ◽  
Sabine Schrade ◽  
Michael Zähner ◽  
Simon Wyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Deposition Mechanism ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Tracer Ratio

&lt;p&gt;Inverse dispersion modelling (IDM) using a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) dispersion model has been successfully applied to quantify emissions from confined ground sources e.g. as for ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) loss after manure spreading. The most widely used bLS model for emission measurements of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) from agricultural sources such as lagoons and livestock buildings is based on Flesch et al. (2004). For such applications, the model assumptions of a diffusive ground source within a homogeneous turbulence field, which implies absence of obstacles as e.g. buildings disturbing the flow, is clearly not fulfilled. It remains unclear to what extend these violations introduce bias into the emission estimates. Further, the model by Flesch et al. does not include deposition removal, which for NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, can induce an underestimation of the emission from the source (H&amp;#228;ni et al., 2018). H&amp;#228;ni et al. extended the standard bLS calculation model with an optional dry deposition mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a field campaign between mid-September and mid-December 2018, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from a natural ventilated dairy housing with 40 cows were quantified using the IDM method with the bLS model by H&amp;#228;ni et al. (2018). From the three-month period, results for 63 measurement days at 30-minute resolution were evaluated and thereof 71% of the data points were discarded from the emission calculation due to inapplicable turbulence conditions or instrument failure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations were analysed with open-path instruments (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;: miniDOAS,; CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;: GasFinder, Boreal Laser, Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) (aligned in parallel) with 50&amp;#160;m path lengths (distance between sensor and reflector). During part of the field campaign (24 days), simultaneous in-house measurements of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions using the tracer ratio method (iTM) (SF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; and SF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;CF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Mohn et al., 2018) were conducted and results compared with the estimates retrieved by the IDM method. Overall, the results from the IDM method compare well to the results of the in-house measurements, with mean daily emissions of 18.3 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/d (IDM) and 17.9 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/d (iTM) and 1.08 kg NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/d (IDM) and 1.56 kg NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/d (iTM), respectively. Regarding NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, the IDM method was run without the inclusion of a dry deposition mechanism. First results from IDM calculations with the inclusion of dry deposition indicate, that dry deposition modelling may explain the difference in NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions between the IDM method and the iTM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flesch, T. K., Wilson, J. D., Harper, L. A., Crenna, B. P., and Sharpe, R. R.: Deducing ground-to-air emissions from observed trace gas concentrations: A field trial, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 487&amp;#8211;502, 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;H&amp;#228;ni, C., Flechard, C., Neftel, A., Sintermann, J., and Kupper, T.: Accounting for Field-Scale Dry Deposition in Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Dispersion Modelling of NH3 Emissions, Atmosphere, 9, 146, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mohn, J., Zeyer, K., Keck, M., Keller, M., Z&amp;#228;hner, M., Poteko, J., Emmenegger, L., and Schrade, S.: A dual tracer ratio method for comparative emission measurements in an experimental dairy housing, Atmospheric Environment, 179, 12&amp;#8211;22, 2018.&lt;/p&gt;

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