DNA Synthesis Index: Higher for Human Gallbladders With Cholesterol Gallstones Than With Pigment Gallstones23

1983 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Pigment Gallstones

Black pigment gallstones with cholesterol gallstones in the same gallbladder

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cetta ◽  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Peter F. Malet
Keyword(s):  
Black Pigment ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Pigment Gallstones

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SOUTH INDIAN GALLSTONES BY PIXE

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ASHOK ◽  
S. NARAYANA KALKUPA ◽  
V. J. KENNEDY ◽  
A. MARKWITZ ◽  
V. JAYANTHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
North India ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Pigment Gallstones ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) was used to analyse the elemental concentration of gallstones collected from different parts of south India. Cholesterol gallstones are predominant in north India, whereas pigment gallstones are predominant in south India. The black pigment gallstones are common in hemolytic anemia or in presence of infected bile. PIXE has revealed the elemental profile in each sample. The experimental subjects of the different groups displayed significant variation in their levels of certain trace elements such as copper, zinc, and iron. The concentration of copper was found to be predominant in pigment gallstones investigated in the present study.

Isolation of a calcium-regulatory protein from black pigment gallstones: Similarity with a protein from cholesterol gallstones

Hepatology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okido ◽  
Shuji Shimizu ◽  
J. Donald Ostrow ◽  
Fumio Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Black Pigment ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Pigment Gallstones

scholarly journals Determination of Gallstone Composition using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: An Ex-vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Seonghyun Wee ◽  
Young Hwan Lee ◽  
Youe Ree Kim ◽  
Kwon Ha Yoon ◽  
Dong-Eun Park
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Pigment Gallstones ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Calculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Attenuation Values

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether ex-vivo gallstones are distinguishable by type using dualenergy computed tomography (DECT).Materials and Methods: A total of 124 gallstones from 65 patients with acute or chronic calculous cholecystitis were evaluated using DECT. The extracted gallstones were submerged in distilled water in an acrylic container and scanned at tube voltages of 80/140 kVp and 100/140 kVp. The images were grouped into three sets: 80, 100, and 140 kVp. Qualitative analyses of DECT sensitivity and attenuation patterns in each image set were performed, and quantitative analyses included calculation of mean attenuation values and measurement of the gallstone size. Semi-quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used as the reference standard to confirm the chemical composition of the gallstones.Results: FTIR spectroscopy identified 66 gallstones from 33 patients as cholesterol gallstones and 58 gallstones from 32 patients as pigment gallstones. Qualitative analysis indicated that DECT sensitivity for cholesterol gallstones was greatest at 80 kVp. Most cholesterol gallstones (79%) showed low attenuation at 80 kVp and high attenuation (65%) at 140 kVp. Pigment gallstones demonstrated high attenuation at all image sets. On quantitative analysis, the mean calculated attenuation values of cholesterol gallstones were -17 ± 50 Hounsfield Units (HU), -5.1 ± 43 HU, and 19.2 ± 39 HU at 80, 100, and 140 kVp, respectively, and 342 ± 173 HU, 286 ± 116 HU, and 195 ± 91 HU, respectively, for pigment stones.Conclusions: Ex-vivo gallstones were distinguishable as cholesterol or pigment gallstones by using DECT.

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

Use of Antibody to aid Visualization of Protein at the Termini of Bacteriophage Ø29 DNA

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Dwight Anderson ◽  
Charlene Peterson ◽  
Gursaran Notani ◽  
Bernard Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Antibody Labeling ◽  
Subtilis Bacteriophage

The protein product of cistron 3 of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Ø29 is essential for viral DNA synthesis and is covalently bound to the 5’-termini of the Ø29 DNA. When the DNA-protein complex is cleaved with a restriction endonuclease, the protein is bound to the two terminal fragments. The 28,000 dalton protein can be visualized by electron microscopy as a small dot and often is seen only when two ends are in apposition as in multimers or in glutaraldehyde-fixed aggregates. We sought to improve the visibility of these small proteins by use of antibody labeling.

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