scholarly journals Multicancer Early Detection: Learning From the Past to Meet the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Etzioni ◽  
Roman Gulati ◽  
Noel S Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Histories

Abstract Multicancer early detection (MCED) tests may soon be available to screen for many cancers using a single blood test, yet little is known about these tests beyond their diagnostic performance. Taking lessons from the history of cancer early detection, we highlight 3 factors that influence how performance of early detection tests translates into benefit and benefit-harm trade-offs: the ability to readily confirm a cancer signal, the population testing strategy, and the natural histories of the targeted cancers. We explain why critical gaps in our current knowledge about each factor prevent reliably projecting the expected clinical impact of MCED testing at this point in time. Our goal is to communicate how much uncertainty there is about the possible effects of MCED tests on population health so that patients, providers, regulatory agencies, and the public are well informed about what is reasonable to expect from this potentially important technological advance. We also urge the community to invest in a coordinated effort to collect data on MCED test dissemination and outcomes so that these can be tracked and studied while the tests are rigorously evaluated for benefit, harm, and cost.

Reflections on the Public Interpretation of Regional Environmental History In Western Pennsylvania

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Chris J. Magoc
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Public History ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Interpretation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
Western Pennsylvania

This essay attempts to counter the scarcity of efforts to address issues of natural resource extraction and environmental exploitation in public history forums. Focused on western Pennsylvania, it argues that the history of industrial development and its deleterious environmental impacts demands a regional vision that not only frames these stories within the ideological and economic context of the past, but also challenges residents and visitors to consider this history in light of the related environmental concerns of our own time. The essay explores some of the difficult issues faced by public historians and practitioners as they seek to produce public environmental histories that do not elude opportunities to link past and present in meaningful ways.

Veronicas and Artists

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Artists

Chapter One deals with several central issues with regard to understanding the role of religious motifs in contemporary art. Besides being a repetition of imagery from the past, religious motifs embedded in contemporary artworks become a means to problematise not only the way different periods in the history of art are delimited, but larger and seemingly more rigid distinctions as those between art and non-art images. Early religious images differ significantly from art images. The two types are regulated according to different sets of rules related to the conditions of their production, display, appreciation and the way images are invested with the status of being true or authentic instances of art or sacred images. Chapter One provides a discussion of the important motif of the image not made by an artist’s hand, or acheiropoietos, and its survival and transformation, including its traces in contemporary image-making practices. All images are the result of human making; they are fictions. The way the conditions of these fictions are negotiated, or the way the role of the maker is brought to visibility, or concealed, is a defining feature of the specific regime of representation. While the cult image concealed its maker in order to maintain its public significance, and the later art image celebrated the artist as a re-inventor of the old image, contemporary artists cite religious images in order to reflect on the very procedures that produce the public significance and status of images.

“Tanked up Yobs” and “Self-Pity City”. Deconstructing the Myths of the Hillsborough Disaster

STADION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Alan McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
British History ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Government Legislation

On 15 April 1989, Liverpool FC played Nottingham Forest in an FA Cup semi-final at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield in northern England. Catastrophic errors by the police and other organisations led to the deaths of 96 Liverpool supporters, crushed against the perimeter fences on the Leppings Lane terrace. Though the horrific facts of the disaster were quickly and widely known, they were lost beneath another narrative, promoted by the police, numerous politicians, and large sections of the media. This narrative blamed the disaster on “tanked up yobs”: drunk and aggressive Liverpool supporters, who turned up late and forced their way into the ground. Over the subsequent years and decades, as Hillsborough campaigners vainly sought justice for the disaster’s victims in a series of trials and inquests, the destructive allegation remained in the public realm. It was reinforced by establishment dismissal of Liverpool as a “self-pity city”, home to a community incapable of accepting official verdicts or of leaving the past in the past. This essay uncovers the history of the myths of the Hillsborough disaster. It first shows how these myths were established - how false narratives, with powerful backers, shifted responsibility for the disaster from the police to supporters, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. It then examines how these myths were embedded in public discourse - how Liverpool was demonised as an aggressively sentimental city where people refused to admit to “killing their own”. It finally analyses how these myths were overturned through research, media mobilisation, and grassroots activism, a process that culminated in the 2016 inquest verdict, which ruled that the 96 Hillsborough victims were unlawfully killed. In doing so, the essay shows how Hillsborough became a key event in modern British history, influencing everything from stadium design to government legislation.

The Lost Lullaby and Other Stories about Being an Armenian in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Armenian Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Different Cultures

Nınçir mangig im sirasun, Oror yem asum, Baydzar lusinn e meğm hayum, Ko ororotsum.By analyzing the transmission of Armenian lullabies within the changing contexts of identity and cultural politics in Turkey, this paper addresses displacement and loss as two interrelated experiences shaping the sense of being an Armenian in Turkey. I criticize the liberal multiculturalist perspective that represents cultures in a way that cuts the link between the past and the present, by dissociating different cultures from the history of their presence in Anatolia and the destruction of that presence. I argue that in such a context where cultures are detached from lived experiences and memory, it becomes impossible to share the stories of violence and pain in the public sphere; hence, the loss itself becomes the experience of being Armenian. Finally, I try to explain how today young generations of Armenians in İstanbul, in their search for an Armenian identity, have developed a certain way of belonging to the space and culture, a way of belonging that is very much shaped by the experience of loss.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Periodontitis in Public Health Centres in Malang: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanum Nurma Azuro ◽  
Moch Yunus ◽  
Rara Warih Gayatri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Based on the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018, the incidence of periodontitis in Indonesia was reported at 74.1%, which makes it one of the most common oral health problems in the country. Overall, 2,759 patients, aged 19–64 years underwent periodontal examinations at the Public Health Centres in Malang between January and September 2019. The present study aimed to determine the description of periodontitis patients at the Public Health Centres, Malang, by conducting an early detection of periodontitis against the risk of the disease. This study used a cross-sectional design and a proportional random sampling technique. In total, 277 respondents visited the Public Health Centres in Malang during the study period. The early detection result is based on the number of questionnaire scores on signs, symptoms, and exposures to risk factors for periodontitis, which are divided into three categories: high, moderate, and low risks. The instrument used in this study is a modification of the previous research instrument by Renatus. The result showed that 58 respondents had moderate (21%), 4 (1.4%) had high, and 215 (77.6%) had low risks of periodontitis. Respondents who had a lower risk of periodontitis were more than the respondents who had high and moderate risks of periodontitis. Keywords: periodontitis, history of gingivitis, heredity (family history), oral hygiene, history of tobacco use

scholarly journals Kildesikring og kaoskontroll – om bevaringsideologier og forvaltningsstrategier i en digital tidsalder

1970 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Wenche Brun ◽  
Kristine Orestad Sørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Collection Management ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Improve Access

Norwegian museums have been the subject of a great deal of public attention in recent years. Unfortunately, this is not because of their interesting, compelling and thought-provoking exhibitions, but because of poor preservation practices and deteriorating collections. Previous reports have highlighted numerous failings in the management of these collections. A large portion of the collections has suffered through decades of poor storage. Some objects have even been damaged as a result of unacceptable storage conditions. Proper management of the collections has been hampered still further by the lack of common management systems. In the past ten to fifteen years, several projects have been launched in order to enhance collection management and to make the collections more accessible to the public. In this paper, we give a brief outline of the history of collections. We also provide a critical review of the projects and offer some suggestions as to what museums can do to further improve access to and the preservation of collections. 

The Oxford Handbook of Music Listening in the 19th and 20th Centuries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Musical Cultures ◽  
History Of

This handbook takes on the task of examining the history of music listening over the past two hundred years. It uses the “art of listening” as a leitmotif encompassing an entanglement of interdependent practices and discourses about a learnable mode of perception. The art of listening first emerged around 1800 and was adopted and adapted across the public realm to suit a wide range of collective listening situations from popular to serious art forms up to the present day. Because this is a relatively new subject in historical research, the volume combines case studies from several disciplines in order to investigate whether, how, and why practices of music listening changed. Focusing on a diverse set of locations and actors and using a range of historical sources, it attempts to historicize and reconstruct the evolution of listening styles to show the wealth of variants in listening. In doing so, it challenges the inherited image of the silent listener as the dominant force in musical cultures.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gargola
Keyword(s):  
Political Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

From as far in the past as we can see, Romans viewed their political order spatially through the lens provided by their city and its magistrates. They represented the history of their polity in terms of the deeds of exemplary figures, most of whom were magistrates; they linked institutions and the public and sacred structures and spaces in which they met and acted with their supposed creators; and they connected Rome’s empire with its most successful commanders. Laws, edicts, and decrees exhibit great concern for the proper duties of magistrates, the tasks to which they ought to devote themselves while in office, and their movements away from Rome. Indeed, many spaces were constructed through magistrates who had been given tasks that involved, more or less directly, the performance of operations with respect to them....

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