Can the scaling of plant nitrogen to phosphorus be altered by global change? An empirical test

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Long ◽  
Juanjuan Zhang ◽  
Zhengyi Liu ◽  
Luyao Zhou ◽  
Fanglong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Element Balance ◽  
Precipitation Reduction

Abstract Aims Global change may cause unparalleled supplies of soil nutrients and further lead to stoichiometric imbalance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in terrestrial plants. While previous studies had reported the effects of global change factors on plant N, P contents and their ratios, few had examined whether or how these factors may influence the scaling of these two elements. Methods Taking advantage of a manipulative experiment with altered precipitation, warming and N addition, and using the general scaling function N = βPα, we examined how the scaling of plant N to P may respond to global change factors in a Loess grassland in northwestern China. Important Findings We found that precipitation reduction (PR) and warming decreased plant P concentrations, while N addition increased plant N concentrations, resulting in increased N:P ratios. The slopes of the linear regressions between plant N and P (i.e. log-transformed N versus P) did not change significantly, whereas the intercepts increased significantly under PR, warming and N addition. These results indicate that global change factors may not affect the synergistic variation of plant N and P, showing a closely coupled relationship between them. Our findings may help to better understand plant nutrient dynamics and element balance in a changing world.

scholarly journals Effects of global change factors and living roots on root litter decomposition in a Qinghai-Tibet alpine meadow

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Shu ◽  
Qingzhou Zhao ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Root Decomposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Root Litter ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractRoots account for a major part of plant biomass in Tibetan alpine meadows. Understanding root decomposition with global change is key to predict carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yet, few experiments have carefully examined root decomposition as influenced by global change. We conducted a field study to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) addition, air warming, precipitation change, and the presence/absence of living roots on root decomposition in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Our results showed that N addition increased the mass and C remaining, and induced N accumulation in the litter. Increased precipitation significantly amplified the positive effect of N addition on litter mass remaining. The presence of alive roots in the litterbags decreased root litter C remaining but significantly increased N and phosphorus remaining of the litter. However, we did not find any significant effects of air warming on the litter decomposition. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, N deposition is predicted to increase and precipitation regime is predicted to change. Our results suggest that the interaction between increased N and precipitation may reduce root decomposition in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future, and that the large stock of living roots exert a dominant impact on nutrient dynamics of root decomposition in the Tibetan alpine systems.

scholarly journals Global change factors influence different aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Zheng ◽  
Mingming Cui ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Shilin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Amf Communities

Abstract BackgroundThe functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF) affects the resistance and resilience of plant communities to environmental stresses. However, considerable uncertainty remains about how the complex interactions among elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eCO 2 ), nitrogen deposition (eN), increased precipitation (eP), and warming (eT) affect AMF communities. These global change factors (GCFs) always occur simultaneously, and their interactions likely affect AMF community structure and assembly processes. In this study, the interactive effects of these four GCFs on AMF communities were explored in an open-top chamber field experiment in a semiarid grassland. ResultsElevated CO 2 , eN, eT, and eP and their interactions did not affect AM fungal biomass. The relative abundance of Paraglomus increased with N addition across treatment combinations, whereas that of Glomus decreased with N addition, especially combined with eT and eCO 2 . Precipitation, T, and N affected AMF phylogenetic α-diversity, and the three-way interaction among CO 2 , T, and N affected taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity. Nitrogen addition significantly affected the β-diversity of AMF communities. Both variable selection and dispersal limitation played major roles in shaping AMF communities, whereas homogeneous selection and homogenizing dispersal had almost no influence on AMF community assembly. The contribution of variable selection decreased under eCO 2 , eN and eT, but not under eP. The contribution of dispersal limitation decreased under eCO 2 , eT, and eP but it increased under eN. The assembly of AMF communities under the sixteen GCF combinations was strongly influenced by dispersal limitation, variable selection and ecological drift. ConclusionsElevated CO 2 , warming, N addition, and increased precipitation influenced different aspects of AMF communities. The interactive effects of the four GCFs on AMF communities were limited. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that AMF communities in semiarid grasslands can resist changes in the global climate.

Globally limited individual and combined effects of multiple global change factors on allometric biomass partitioning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Peng ◽  
Dario A. Fornara ◽  
Kai Yue ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in woody organs, but not leaves, of temperate and tropical tree angiosperms are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ plant economic spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Ramirez ◽  
D. Craven ◽  
J.M. Posada ◽  
B. Reu ◽  
C.A. Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
As Species ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground and AimsCarbohydrate reserves play a vital role in plant survival during periods of negative carbon balance. Considering active storage of reserves, there is a trade-off between carbon allocation to growth and to reserves and defense. A resulting hypothesis is that allocation to reserves exhibits a coordinated variation with functional traits associated with the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum.MethodsWe tested the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of tree organs and functional traits using 61 angiosperm tree species from temperate and tropical forests with phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models.Key ResultsOur results provide evidence that NSC concentrations in woody organs and plant functional traits are largely decoupled, meaning that species’ resilience is unrelated to their position on the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum. In contrast, we found that variation between NSC concentrations in leaves and the fast-slow continuum was coordinated, as species with higher leaf NSC had traits values associated with resource conservative species such as lower SLA, lower Amax, and high wood density. We did not detect an influence of leaf habit on the variation of NSC concentrations in tree organs.ConclusionsEfforts to predict the response of ecosystems to global change will need to integrate a suite of plant traits, such as NSC concentrations in woody organs, that are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ spectrum and that capture how species respond to a broad range of global change factors.

A synthesis of soil nematode responses to global change factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 108538
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jingxing Huang ◽  
Xiongjie Sheng ◽  
Xiaolin Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Multifactor controls on terrestrial N<sub>2</sub>O flux over North America from 1979 through 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Xu ◽  
H. Q. Tian ◽  
G. S. Chen ◽  
M. L. Liu ◽  
W. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Factor Interaction

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas which also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone (O3). However, the magnitude and underlying mechanisms for the spatiotemporal variations in the terrestrial sources of N2O are still far from certain. Using a process-based ecosystem model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) driven by multiple global change factors, including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), tropospheric O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion, this study examined the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial N2O flux over North America and further attributed these variations to various driving factors. From 1979 to 2010, the North America cumulatively emitted 53.9 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N (1 Tg = 1012 g), of which global change factors contributed 2.4 ± 0.9 Tg N2O-N, and baseline emission contributed 51.5 ± 0.6 Tg N2O-N. Climate variability, N deposition, O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion increased N2O emission while the elevated atmospheric CO2 posed opposite effect at continental level; the interactive effect among multiple factors enhanced N2O emission over the past 32 yr. N input, including N fertilizer application in cropland and N deposition, and multi-factor interaction dominated the increases in N2O emission at continental level. At country level, N fertilizer application and multi-factor interaction made large contribution to N2O emission increase in the United States of America (USA). The climate variability dominated the increase in N2O emission from Canada. N inputs and multiple factors interaction made large contribution to the increases in N2O emission from Mexico. Central and southeastern parts of the North America – including central Canada, central USA, southeastern USA, and all of Mexico – experienced increases in N2O emission from 1979 to 2010. The fact that climate variability and multi-factor interaction largely controlled the inter-annual variations in terrestrial N2O emission at both continental and country levels indicate that projected changes in the global climate system may substantially alter the regime of N2O emission from terrestrial ecosystems during the 21st century. Our study also showed that the interactive effect among global change factors may significantly affect N2O flux, and more field experiments involving multiple factors are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Interactive global change factors mitigate soil aggregation and carbon change in a semi‐arid grassland

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 5320-5332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongshuo Bai ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Steven J. Hall ◽  
Fuwei Wang ◽  
Chenglong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Carbon Change ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Beneficial soil-borne bacteria and fungi: a promising way to improve plant nitrogen acquisition

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (15) ◽  
pp. 4469-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia Dellagi ◽  
Isabelle Quillere ◽  
Bertrand Hirel
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant productivity, thus, it is abundantly applied to the soil in the form of organic or chemical fertilizers that have negative impacts on the environment. Exploiting the potential of beneficial microbes and identifying crop genotypes that can capitalize on symbiotic associations may be possible ways to significantly reduce the use of N fertilizers. The best-known example of symbiotic association that can reduce the use of N fertilizers is the N2-fixing rhizobial bacteria and legumes. Bacterial taxa other than rhizobial species can develop associative symbiotic interactions with plants and also fix N. These include bacteria of the genera Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Bacillus, some of which are commercialized as bio-inoculants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are other microorganisms that can develop symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants, favoring access to nutrients in a larger soil volume through their extraradical mycelium. Using combinations of different beneficial microbial species is a promising strategy to boost plant N acquisition and foster a synergistic beneficial effect between symbiotic microorganisms. Complex biological mechanisms including molecular, metabolic, and physiological processes dictate the establishment and efficiency of such multipartite symbiotic associations. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge and future prospects regarding plant N nutrition improvement through the use of beneficial bacteria and fungi associated with plants, individually or in combination.

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