scholarly journals Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in woody organs, but not leaves, of temperate and tropical tree angiosperms are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ plant economic spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Ramirez ◽  
D. Craven ◽  
J.M. Posada ◽  
B. Reu ◽  
C.A. Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
As Species ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground and AimsCarbohydrate reserves play a vital role in plant survival during periods of negative carbon balance. Considering active storage of reserves, there is a trade-off between carbon allocation to growth and to reserves and defense. A resulting hypothesis is that allocation to reserves exhibits a coordinated variation with functional traits associated with the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum.MethodsWe tested the relationship between non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of tree organs and functional traits using 61 angiosperm tree species from temperate and tropical forests with phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models.Key ResultsOur results provide evidence that NSC concentrations in woody organs and plant functional traits are largely decoupled, meaning that species’ resilience is unrelated to their position on the ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum. In contrast, we found that variation between NSC concentrations in leaves and the fast-slow continuum was coordinated, as species with higher leaf NSC had traits values associated with resource conservative species such as lower SLA, lower Amax, and high wood density. We did not detect an influence of leaf habit on the variation of NSC concentrations in tree organs.ConclusionsEfforts to predict the response of ecosystems to global change will need to integrate a suite of plant traits, such as NSC concentrations in woody organs, that are independent of the ‘fast-slow’ spectrum and that capture how species respond to a broad range of global change factors.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

scholarly journals The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Delei Yang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Qingbin Cui ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Xian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mimetic Isomorphism

Megaproject citizenship behavior (MCB) has been confirmed to a play vital role on megaproject performance. Although current research has argued that institution elements have had an impact on MCB diffusion, limited studies have empirically investigated the distinct effectiveness of various institution elements on driving MCB’s widespread diffusion in construction megaprojects. Based on institution theory, this study proposes a theoretical model comprising institutional elements (i.e., normative and mimetic isomorphism), owner’s support, relationship-based trust, and their effect or impact on MCB’s diffusion. Based on 171 industrial questionnaires collected from managers of contractors and designers in megaprojects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the established model. The results indicated that both normative and mimetic isomorphism have positive effects on facilitating MCB diffusion, and owner’s support has shown partial mediation in promoting MCB diffusion through normative isomorphism, as well as full mediation in the promoting of MCB diffusion through mimetic isomorphism. Meanwhile, relationship-based trust exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between mimetic isomorphism and MCB. This study extends current literature on driving MCB diffusion from the perspective of institutional theory, contributing by providing four implications for megaprojects managers to “buy in” more extensive MCB.

The relationship between performance appraisal system and employees' voice behavior through the mediation-moderation mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Rasheed Memon ◽  
Bilqees Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Appraisal System ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate and articulate the performance appraisal process as a tool, used for the development of voice behavior through the fostering of trustworthiness and empowering culture in the organization.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected through survey instruments, filled by employees and their coworkers. The study proposes and tests a new model based on the relationship between performance appraisal and voice behavior through the moderation-mediation mechanism. Data analysis has been performed using SEM through SMART PLS 3.FindingsResults show that a strong and positive relationship exists between performance appraisal and voice behavior through the mediating variable of psychological empowerment. The moderators, empowering leadership and perceived fairness have played vital role in boosting psychological empowerment and strengthening the relationship with performance appraisal.Research limitations/implicationsThe study presents the performance appraisal system as one of the antecedents of employees' voice behavior generated through psychological empowerment (mediator) and perceived fairness and empowering leadership (moderators) since the appraisal system is to be implemented through the leader.Originality/valueThe study presents a unique and innovative idea while it tries to explore and measure the different effects/impacts of the relationship between performance appraisal and voice behavior.

Zebrafish embryos exposed to deltamethrin exhibit abnormalities despite induced expression of related genes (you, you-too, momo and u-boot)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Kuder Reshma Shabnam ◽  
Dharmapuri Gangappa ◽  
Gundala Harold Philip
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluation of the toxic effects of a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), was carried out in this study. This pesticide is preferred for pest control because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. We investigated the expression pattern of four genes, namely, you ( you), yot ( you-too), momo ( mom) and ubo ( u-boot) during early development of zebrafish, that is, from 12 hpf to 48 hpf stages. These stages are selected as most of the important developmental aspects take place during this period. All four genes are known to play a vital role in development of notochord and somites. To understand the effect of DM on development, embryos of 4 hpf stage were exposed to two concentrations (100 and 200 µg/L) of DM, and observations were made at 12, 24 and 48 hpf stages. Our earlier studies have shown phenotypic abnormalities such as notochord bending, tail deformation, yolk sac and pericardial edema, lightening of body and eye pigmentation and interfered in somite patterning, during these stages of development. Understanding the relationship of phenotypic abnormalities with these four genes has been our primary objective. These four genes were analyzed by Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction and intensity of the bands has shown induction in their expression after exposure to the toxicant. In spite of the expression of genes, it was noticed that DM caused abnormalities. It can be said from the results that translational pathway could have been affected.

scholarly journals Evaluating the influential factors for life preserver donning tests

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246705
Author(s):  
Ruiliang Yang ◽  
Zijiang Wu ◽  
Xiaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
The Relationship

Life preservers often play a vital role in ensuring passenger safety in water-related accidents, while the difficulty of donning life preservers has been repeatedly proved even in a donning test. To evaluate the influencing factors for life preserver donning tests, 109 college students and 42 villagers were chosen as subjects. A total of fourteen variables with seven categorical variables and seven continuous variables were considered as potential influencing factors. T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, for three or more categories) were used to judge whether grouping in categorical variables had a significant effect on the donning performance. Then all variables were offered into the stepwise linear regression (SLR) to evaluate the influential factors for life preserver donning tests. Results showed that four of fourteen variables, including gender, instruction condition, age group, and tool test time (representing the subject’s flexibility), had a significant effect on the donning performance. To evaluate the relationship between the donning performance and influencing factors, models of the retrieving time, the opening time, and the donning time were built based on the SLR analysis. The paper also highlights recommendations for modification of the donning test procedure, which helps to improve the validation and reliability of life preserver donning tests.

scholarly journals Organisational Culture and Corporate Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olu Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research article is to examine various concepts on organisational culture and strives to ascertain the importance of the relationship between organisational culture and corporate performance in a business context. The study adopted survey research design. The population of this study is the entire employees of Nigerian commercial banks. Primary data were used for this study. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was administered to the selected respondents, The two hypotheses proffered were tested and relevant recommendations were made. The conclusion drawn from the study is that organisational culture plays a vital role in an organisation’s general performance. This study contributes to organisational culture’s literature by showing that employees would commit themselves to organisational goals and work actively in achieving those goals when they buy into cultural norms of the organisation and thus increase organisational performance.

scholarly journals China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Analytical overview on Socio-Cultural Romance between China and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-508
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Majid Ali ◽  
Abdoulaye M’Begniga ◽  
Zhou Guoqing ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Relationship

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an important Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project that integrates many countries. The CPEC project will play a vital role to make more strong relationship between China and Pakistan. CPEC project will enhance cooperation between Pakistan and China in field of socio-cultural and regional Bilateral Cooperation and exchange. Despite growth between two countries in the economic and trade field, there is a vital area to explore the cultural exchange, cooperation, and communication needed to improve from both sides. In this theoretical study method, the data has been obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources consisted of books, official databases of China and Pakistan, MoU signed b/w both countries, etc., as the secondary sources consisted of research papers, newspapers, journals, online databases, etc. This paper has an analytical overview of the time value and general cultural and artistic exchanges between China and Pakistan. Further, the paper discussed the relationship between literature, art, and economics. In this paper, researchers have also examined the significant role of people-to-people contact for socio-cultural exchange and cooperation between China and Pakistan.

scholarly journals PD-1 Suppresses the Osteogenic and Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Dental Apical Papilla via Targeting SHP2/NF-κB axis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Zehan Li ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
Yanqiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Odontogenic Differentiation ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Effect Of Pd ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundStem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are important for tooth root development and regeneration of root dentin. Here, we examined the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in SCAPs and investigated the effect of PD-1 on odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation and the relationship between PD-1 and cell differentiation and SHP2/NF-κB signals.MethodsSCAPs were obtained culture in the related medium. The proliferation ability was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 and 5‐ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining, western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Alizarin Red S staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteo/odontogenic potential and the involvement of SHP2/NF-κB pathways. Besides, we transplanted SCAPs component into mouse calvaria defects to evaluate osteogenesis in vivo. ResultsWe found that human SCAPs expressed PD-1 for the first time. PD-1 knockdown enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs by suppressing SHP2 pathway and activating NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of PD-1 inhibited the osteogenesis and odontogenesis of SCAPs via activation of SHP2 signal and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. ConclusionPD-1 activated SHP2 signal to block NF-κB signal and then played a vital role in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.

Production Parameters Optimization of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yong Sheng Ding ◽  
Kuang Rong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Precursor Fiber ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

Polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber as the as-spun fiber of carbon fiber plays a vital role in carbon fiber performances. In order to optimize the production process and the fiber performances of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber, a production parameters optimization approach is proposed to find the relationship between the initial input and the final output of this fiber production and help to determine the production parameters according to the fiber performances required. Because fiber production is a complex industry process with a lot of parameters working together and them all have effect on the final performances, so this optimization is a multi-objective optimization which is based on particle swarm optimization formulas and production data. This approach can maintain the diversity of solutions, improve the accuracy of production parameters determining and provide a optimization of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber.

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