Conflict resolution as cultural brokerage: how refugee leaders mediate disputes in Uganda’s refugee settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Vancluysen ◽  
Bert Ingelaere
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Local Integration ◽  
Cultural Brokerage

Abstract Looking through the lens of disputes and their resolution, this article examines the efforts undertaken by refugees to guarantee peaceful coexistence within and around settlements in northern Uganda. Based on extensive fieldwork, we examine which disputes occur within and around the settlements and which actors intervene to mediate and solve them. We identify a hierarchy among the different formal and informal actors involved in the resolution of disputes and show how refugee leaders operate as brokers between Ugandan law and South-Sudanese customs, between here and there, a recent past and imagined future in the home country. This finding comes to clarify the process of local integration, by foregrounding the link between law and culture. Some of the dispute-settlement outcomes facilitate the refugees’ integration into Uganda as a host country, while other resolution strategies are geared towards a long-awaited return to South-Sudan.

scholarly journals FDI and Exports in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Majeed ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Relationship

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) not only generate global flows of foreign direct investment, but are also extremely for global trade flows. UNCTAD (2004) estimates that MNEs account for around two-thirds of world exports. Since MNEs are responsible for a large proportion of world trade, one may infer that there is a close relationship between flows of FDI and trade. An MNE network, consisting of a parent and a network of affiliates, generates simultaneous flows of goods and investments. In this context the pool of knowledge and associated models, which explain international trade, has grown substantially in the recent past, but there is less theoretical consensus about the relationship between trade flows and FDI. The fact that exporting and local production are alternative ways for an MNE to serve the demand in a foreign market suggests a substitutability relationship between FDI and trade. MNE production in the host country implies that local production is a substitute for exports from the home country. On the other hand, MNE affiliates’ production in a host country can generate a demand for intermediate goods from the parent, resulting in a complementary relationship between flows of FDI and trade (exports). Theoretical reasoning therefore supports both these possibilities, providing a strong incentive for empirical analysis

General Principles for Integration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Resolution Function ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prior Analysis

This chapter reviews the broader principles in the international intellectual property (IP) system that fulfil an indirect integration or conflict resolution function, with a focus on those emanating from and applicable to the Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. In focusing on Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS, the chapter builds on prior analysis about the role of these provisions in establishing an agreed, common object and purpose of the principal global IP treaty with relevance beyond TRIPS. In light of the origins and negotiation history of Articles 7 and 8 TRIPS, the chapter shows how these provisions can be applied to integrate ‘external’ objectives and interests via interpretation and implementation. Next, this chapter reviews their very poor record of application in the first twenty years of World Trade Organisation (WTO) dispute settlement. It concludes with suggestions for an appropriate recognition of external norms, objectives, and interests via Articles 7 and 8.

Too Old to Forget: The Dynamics of Political Trust among Immigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172098089
Author(s):  
Chiara Superti ◽  
Noam Gidron
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Age At Migration ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Point Of Reference

Scholars have argued that immigrants’ trust in institutions is the result of the exposure to host-country institutions but also shaped by past experiences in the country of origin. These experiences create a “home-country point of reference,” a political/institutional memory that becomes the relevant comparison for any political/institutional interaction in the host country. We develop further this concept and unpack its key determinants—the age at migration and the historical conditions of the home country at the specific time of migration. Only those immigrants who were too old to forget the historical and contextual features of the country-of-origin institutions at the time of migration will rely on this comparison when interacting with institutions in the host country. Across time, there is both a continuous positive/negative accumulation of trust for the host-country institutions among those with less/more democratic points of reference. We examine immigrants’ political trust using survey evidence from Israel.

scholarly journals DIASPORA NETWORKS, NON-ECONOMIC REMITTANCES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM SOME ECONOMIES IN LATIN AMERICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550005 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIR KSHETRI ◽  
DIANA ROJAS-TORRES ◽  
MARLENY CARDONA ACEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Diaspora Networks

Diaspora networks' non-economic remittances in the forms of social, political, cultural and technical contributions to their homeland play important roles in entrepreneurship and economic development. In this paper, we examine the effects of such remittances on entrepreneurship development in economies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We analyze how factors such as migrants' skills and education and characteristics of the host country are likely to affect non-economic remittances and their contribution to entrepreneurship and economic development. We offer some examples of initiatives taken in the home country and the host country to maximize the potential non-economic remittances and their impacts on entrepreneurship development in the home country. A key lesson and take-away that we can gain from entrepreneurially successful efforts of some economies is that the primary focus of diaspora policies need to be centered on utilizing various forms of non-economic remittances in stimulating the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial activity.

Preventing War and Providing the Peace?

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Bilateral Negotiations

I explore whether international organizations (IOs) promote peaceful conflict management. Using territorial claims data, I find that organizations with interventionist capabilities encourage disputing members to attempt peaceful conflict resolution. Then, to more fully uncover the causal relationship between IOs and conflict management, I investigate the influence of IOs on bilateral dispute settlement separately from third party settlement.The analyses reveal that institutions do not promote bilateral negotiations between members, indicating that the socialization and trust-building capabilities of IOs are limited. However, institutions foster multilateral talks, demonstrating that IOs broker bargaining with third party diplomatic intervention.

scholarly journals “Boundary-Maintenance” or “Boundary-Crossing”? Name-Giving Practices among Immigrants in Germany

Names ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Jurgen Gerhards ◽  
Julia Tuppat
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Origin Group ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Symbolic Boundary

This study investigates why some immigrants choose names for their children that are common in their home country whereas others opt for names used by natives in the host country. Drawing on the sociological literature on symbolic boundaries, the first strategy can be described as boundary-maintenance whereas the second can be classified as boundary-crossing. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and applying bivariate and multivariate methods, two broader explanations for name-giving practices are tested: (1) cultural proximity and the permeability of the symbolic boundary between home and host country; and (2) immigrants’ levels of linguistic, structural, social, and emotional integration in the host country. Overall, the theoretical model explains the differences very satisfactorily. Whilst both sets of factors proved relevant to immigrants’ name-giving practices, the immigrants’ level of integration in the host country was less important than the cultural proximity between the origin group and host country.

Evaluating Foreign Direct Investment Projects

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-239
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
At Home

As explained in the foregoing chapter, once the relevant cash outflows and inflows associated with a foreign direct investment project are estimated so as to calculate the net cash flows, the desirability of the investment project should then be determined in terms of its economic profitability. Therefore, in this chapter the methods widely used in evaluating investment projects are discussed and their advantages as well as shortcomings are highlighted. Later in the chapter, evaluating foreign direct investment projects from the viewpoint of the parent company is elaborated in terms of profit and/or income transferred to the home country. The same investment evaluation techniques were applied to the net cash flows transferred to the home country of the parent company. The possible income and/or dividends to be remitted to the home country of a parent company are identified and discussed so as to reflect the viewpoints of investing parent companies when planning foreign direct investments. This two-level evaluation approach is generally followed in practice to make sure that direct investments are profitable at both host and home country levels, since an investment project that is not profitable at host country level would not be profitable at home country level either or a project that is profitable at host country level may not be profitable at home country level.

Characteristics Acquired by European and Non-European Immigrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Rocio Aliaga Isla
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Creation

Studies on immigrant entrepreneurship have focused on some groups of immigrants according their ethnicity and citizenship. Nonetheless, there is a configuration of immigrants inside Spain that has been neglected in research arenas. This study analyzes which factors at individual level influence the creation of businesses by EU and non-EU immigrants. Factors acquired in home and host country are considered. Hypotheses are tested using multivariate analysis. Employing data from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain – ENI-2007, the findings showed immigrants who owned or managed a business in their home country have higher probability to create a business. Among factors acquired in Spain, the experience in occupation was the more relevant for EU immigrants. However, the experience in construction sector was significant for non-EU immigrants. Furthermore, the exposure to Spanish context and social contacts were significant, increasing the probability of creating a business by non-EU immigrants in Spain.

Substantive Provisions of the East Asian Trilateral Investment Agreement and their Implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-242
Author(s):  
Won-Mog Choi
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The Korea–China–Japan Investment Promotion, Facilitation and Protection Agreement is the first treaty in the economic field that binds the three Northeast Asian countries together under a single legal instrument. The existence of effective dispute settlement procedures under the treaty will contribute to the creation of a favourable investment climate in the host country. Nevertheless, there have been fears about frivolous or vexatious claims that could inhibit legitimate regulatory actions by governments. How to compose an investment chapter of the Korea–China–Japan FTA that is being negotiated is a pressing demand for all in the region. Any pertinent answers to such a quest require a thorough comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of any development of relevant rules and governance. In the end, a quest for better international investment governance in Northeast Asia in the future requires sound evaluation of lessons from the past and present.

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