Control of Wheat Root Elongation Growth

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PRITCHARD ◽  
A. D. TOMOS ◽  
R. G. WYN JONES
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Elongation Growth

scholarly journals Multiwalled carbon nanotubes in alfalfa and wheat: toxicology and uptake

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3514-3527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pola Miralles ◽  
Errin Johnson ◽  
Tamara L. Church ◽  
Andrew T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Multiwalled Cnts

Data on the bioavailability and toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the environment, and, in particular, on their interactions with vascular plants, are limited. We investigated the effects of industrial-grade multiwalled CNTs (75 wt% CNTs) and their impurities on alfalfa and wheat. Phytotoxicity assays were performed during both seed germination and seedling growth. The germinations of both species were tolerant of up to 2560 mg l −1 CNTs, and root elongation was enhanced in alfalfa and wheat seedlings exposed to CNTs. Remarkably, catalyst impurities also enhanced root elongation in alfalfa seedlings as well as wheat germination. Thus the impurities, not solely the CNTs, impacted the plants. CNT internalization by plants was investigated using electron microscopy and two-dimensional Raman mapping. The latter showed that CNTs were adsorbed onto the root surfaces of alfalfa and wheat without significant uptake or translocation. Electron microscopy investigations of internalization were inconclusive owing to poor contrast, so Fe 3 O 4 -functionalized CNTs were prepared and studied using energy-filter mapping of Fe 3 O 4 . CNTs bearing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were detected in the epidermis of one wheat root tip only, suggesting that internalization was possible but unusual. Thus, alfalfa and wheat tolerated high concentrations of industrial-grade multiwalled CNTs, which adsorbed onto their roots but were rarely taken up.

Effects of aging and reduction processes on Cr toxicity to wheat root elongation in Cr(VI) spiked soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 118784
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yemian Peng ◽  
Yibing Ma ◽  
Guojun Chen ◽  
Fangbai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Microtubule dynamics is required for root elongation growth under osmotic stress in Arabidopsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Liu ◽  
Bochu Wang ◽  
Yungang Zhang ◽  
Yichuan Wang ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Elongation Growth

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana root elongation growth is sensitive to lunisolar tidal acceleration and may also be weakly correlated with geomagnetic variations

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Barlow ◽  
Joachim Fisahn ◽  
Nima Yazdanbakhsh ◽  
Thiago A. Moraes ◽  
Olga V. Khabarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
Tidal Acceleration

Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Kapulnik ◽  
Yaacov Okon ◽  
Yigel Henis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Cd, Sp7, the local isolate Cd-1, and with other types of bacteria. Inoculation with 105 to 106 colony-forming units of Azospirillum caused the largest root elongation and total root surface of seedlings whereas 108 to 109 colony-forming units of Azospirillum caused inhibition of root development. Similar effects were obtained in 10 different cultivars of wheat inoculated with Azospirillum. Scanning electron micrographs of inoculated wheat root segments showed denser and longer root hairs as compared with the control inoculated with dead cells. This effect was less apparent in more mature roots. In inoculated roots bacteria were located mainly on the cell elongation area and on the bases of root hairs, but fewer bacterial cells were present on the root cap or adsorbed to root hairs. Cross sections of Azospirillum-inoculated roots showed prominent alterations of the cell arrangement in the layers of the cortex. The results suggest the existence of critical numbers of sites for Azospirillum colonization on the roots, to such an extent that root growth is affected.

scholarly journals Synergistic Phytotoxic Effects of Culmorin and Trichothecene Mycotoxins

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wipfler ◽  
McCormick ◽  
Proctor ◽  
Teresi ◽  
Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects

Species of the fungus Fusarium cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereal crops and contaminate grain with sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins, including culmorin (CUL) and trichothecenes. While the phytotoxicity of trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), and their role in virulence are well characterized, less is known about the phytotoxicity of CUL and its role in the development of FHB. Herein, we evaluated the phytotoxic effects of purified CUL and CUL-trichothecene mixtures using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth and Triticum aestivum (wheat) root elongation assays. By itself, CUL did not affect growth in either system. However, mixtures of CUL with DON, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, or NX-3, but not with nivalenol, inhibited growth in a synergistic manner. Synergistic phytotoxic effects of CUL and DON were also observed on multiple plant varieties and species. The severity of wheat FHB caused by 15 isolates of Fusarium graminearum was negatively correlated with the CUL/DON ratio, but positively correlated with the sum of both CUL and DON. Additionally, during the first week of infection, CUL biosynthetic genes were more highly expressed than the TRI5 trichothecene biosynthetic gene. Furthermore, genomic analysis of Fusarium species revealed that CUL and trichothecene biosynthetic genes consistently co-occur among species closely related to F. graminearum.

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