The Effects of Soil Water and Atmospheric Vapour Pressure Deficit on Stomatal Behaviour and Photosynthesis in the Oil Palm

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour

High vapour pressure deficit and low soil water availability enhance shoot growth responses of a C4 grass (Panicum coloratum cv. Bambatsi) to CO2 enrichment

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman P. Seneweera ◽  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Shoot Mass

The hypothesis that shoot growth responses of C4 grasses to elevated CO2 are dependent on shoot water relations was tested using a C4 grass, Panicum coloratum (NAD-ME subtype). Plants were grown for 35 days at CO2 concentrations of 350 or 1000 µL CO2 L-1. Shoot water relations were altered by growing plants in soil which was brought daily to 65, 80 or 100% field capacity (FC) and by maintaining the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at 0.9 or 2.1 kPa. At 350 µL CO2 L-1, high VPD and lower soil water content depressed shoot dry mass, which declined in parallel at each VPD with decreasing soil water content. The growth depression at high VPD was associated with increased shoot transpiration, whereas at low soil water, leaf water potential was reduced. Elevated CO2 ameliorated the impact of both stresses by decreasing transpiration rates and raising leaf water potential. Consequently, high CO2 approximately doubled shoot mass and leaf length at a VPD of 2.1 kPa and soil water contents of 65 and 80% FC but had no effect on unstressed plants. Water use efficiency was enhanced by elevated CO2 under conditions of stress but this was primarily due to increases in shoot mass. High CO2 had a greater effect on leaf growth parameters than on stem mass. Elevated CO2 increased specific leaf area and leaf area ratio, the latter at high VPD only. We conclude that high CO2 increases shoot growth of C4 grasses by ameliorating the effects of stress induced by either high VPD or low soil moisture. Since these factors limit growth of field-grown C4 grasses, it is likely that their biomass will be enhanced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

An assessment of potato sap flow as affected by soil water status, solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
D. M. Brown ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
M. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Water-use of three field-grown potato cultivars (Atlantic, Monona and Norchip) was examined using a commercially available sap flow monitoring system over three consecutive growing seasons. The objectives of the investigation were to utilize the sap flow system to assess the water use of three field-grown potato cultivars. This included an assessment of the relationship between environmental conditions, water status and measured sap flow including the plant-to-plant variation in sap flow and an evaluation of relative transpiration in relation to the soil water status.Each cultivar maintained daily sap flow close to the atmospheric potential transpiration until approximately 70% of the available water was depleted. Under conditions where the soil was drier (>70% depleted), Monona potato plants exhibited a more rapid decline in transpiration than Norchip and Atlantic.Hourly sap flow rates were closely related to solar irradiance, especially under well-watered conditions, with no apparent light saturation point. Vapour pressure deficit effects on sap flow were less pronounced, although maximum vapour pressure deficits encountered were only 2 kPa. Key words: Water use, sap flow, transpiration, potato

Limited-transpiration rate under high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit: a trait for developing genotypes for water-deficit conditions.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (057) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Edmond Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Specific Trait

Abstract Water deficits are the major limitation in increasing crop yields in many regions of the world. Various plant traits that might result in yield increases in water-limited environments have been discussed for decades. Conservative use of soil water is an important breeding strategy in drought-prone environments that can be achieved by traits based on partial stomatal closure under specific environmental conditions to limit transpiration rate (TR). The focus of this review is on a specific trait for conservative soil water that results in partial stomatal closure that can be supported by a plant. This limit on TR is expressed in terms of the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at which partial stomatal closure occurs. The review provides the physiological background of partial stomatal closure under elevated VPD. Simulation studies that analyse the potential benefits of this trait are also discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the various research that has been made in the identification of genetic variability of this trait in major crops.

The effect of variation in soil water availability, vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen nutrition on carbon isotope discrimination in wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Condon ◽  
RA Richards ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Plant Parts

Carbon isotope discrimination (-) is an integrative measure of leaf transpiration efficiency and has been proposed as a select criterion for greater water-use efficiency in breeding programs for water-limited environments. Here we assess the effects of variation in soil water status, vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen nutrition on the value of - measured in plant dry matter and the relative magnitudes of environmental and genotypic variation in - among conventional wheat cultivars. Experiments were done using container- and field-grown plants. Two genotypes, cv. Cleopatra and Yaqui 50E, were grown in large (23 L) containers to simulate field conditions. Plants were subjected to contrasting watering regimes, to different levels of atmospheric demand (by growing the plants outdoors and varying sowing time) and to two levels of nitrogen nutrition (equivalent to 150 and 30 kg N ha-1). A field experiment using eight genotypes was conducted at Moombooldool in south-west New South Wales, which has an annual rainfall total and distribution typical of much of the south-east wheat belt. Changes in - over the course of the season were followed by sampling recently expanded plant parts. In field-grown plants A measured in dry matter fell by 5x10-3 between early-formed leaves and the grain. A similar change (7x10-3) was observed in container-grown plants. For both field- and container-grown plants, environmental effects on - were attributed to stomatal closure in response to declining soil water and/or increasing vapour-pressure deficit. Low nitrogen nutrition of container-grown plants, which reduced above-ground dry matter at maturity and leaf area at flag leaf emergence by 30%, had a small but variable effect on thevalue of -. In the field experiment, variation among genotypes in - of different plant parts was always significant, and was typically c. l.8 x l 0-3 . Genotype ranking for - changed with different plant parts, but the magnitude of genotype x environment interaction was small in relation to genetic variation in -. Changes in ranking mainly occurred in the latter half of the season. These were attributed primarily to differences in the rate and extent of soil drying among genotypes. Variation in the extent of soil water depletion measured at anthesis was positively correlated with - of plant parts laid down early in the season.

scholarly journals The dependence of water potential in shoots of <i>Picea abies</i> on air and soil water status

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sellin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Water Losses

Abstract. Where there is sufficient water storage in the soil the water potential (Ψx) in shoots of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is strongly governed by the vapour pressure deficit of the atmosphere, while the mean minimum values of Ψx usually do not drop below –1.5 MPa under meteorological conditions in Estonia. If the base water potential (Ψb) is above –0.62 MPa, the principal factor causing water deficiency in shoots of P. abies may be either limited soil water reserves or atmospheric evaporative demand depending on the current level of the vapour pressure deficit. As the soil dries the stomatal control becomes more efficient in preventing water losses from the foliage, and the leaf water status, in turn, less sensitive to atmospheric demand. Under drought conditions, if Ψb falls below –0.62 MPa, the trees' water stress is mainly caused by low soil water availability. Further declines in the shoot water potential (below –1.5 MPa) can be attributed primarily to further decreases in the soil water, i.e. to the static water stress.Key words. Hydrology (evapotranspiration · plant ecology · soil moisture).

Vapour pressure deficit aids the interpretation of cotton canopy temperature response to water deficit

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Conaty ◽  
James R. Mahan ◽  
James E. Neilsen ◽  
Greg A. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Water Fraction

Crop canopy temperature (Tc) is coupled with transpiration, which is a function of soil and atmospheric conditions and plant water status. Thus, Tc has been identified as a real-time, plant-based tool for crop water stress detection. Such plant-based methods theoretically integrate the water status of both the plant and its environment. However, previous studies have highlighted the limitations and difficulty of interpreting the Tc response to plant and soil water stress. This study investigates the links between cotton Tc, established measures of plant water relations and atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPDa). Concurrent measures of carbon assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water potential (Ψl), soil water (fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW)) and Tc were conducted in surface drip irrigated cotton over two growing seasons. Associations between A, gs, Ψl, FTSW and Tc are presented, which are significantly improved with the inclusion of VPDa. It was concluded that utilising the strong associations between Ψl, VPDa and Tc, an adjustment of 1.8°C for each unit of VPDa should be made to the critical Tc for irrigation. This will improve the precision of irrigation in Tc based irrigation scheduling protocols. Improved accuracy in water stress detection with Tc, and an understanding of the interaction the environment plays in this response, can potentially improve the efficiency of irrigation.

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