Autoregulation and Nitrate Inhibition of Nodule Formation in Soybean cv. Enrei and its Nodulation Mutants

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
PERIGIO B. FRANCISCO ◽  
SHOICHIRO AKAO
Keyword(s):  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Nodulation Mutants ◽  
Nitrate Inhibition

scholarly journals Nitrate inhibits nodule organogenesis through inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieshun Lin ◽  
Yuda Purwana Roswanjaya ◽  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Jens Stougaard ◽  
Dugald Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Nitrate Inhibition

AbstractLegumes balance nitrogen acquisition from soil nitrate with symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation requires establishment of a new organ, which is a cytokinin dependent developmental process in the root. We found cytokinin biosynthesis is a central integrator, balancing nitrate signalling with symbiotic acquired nitrogen. Low nitrate conditions provide a permissive state for induction of cytokinin by symbiotic signalling and thus nodule development. In contrast, high nitrate is inhibitory to cytokinin accumulation and nodule establishment in the root zone susceptible to nodule formation. This reduction of symbiotic cytokinin accumulation was further exacerbated in cytokinin biosynthesis mutants, which display hypersensitivity to nitrate inhibition of nodule development, maturation and nitrogen fixation. Consistent with this, cytokinin application can rescue nodulation and nitrogen fixation of biosynthesis mutants in a concentration dependent manner. These inhibitory impacts of nitrate on symbiosis occur in a Nlp1 and Nlp4 dependent manner and contrast with the positive influence of nitrate on cytokinin biosynthesis that occurs in non-symbiotic species. Altogether this shows that legumes, as exemplified by Lotus japonicus, have evolved a different cytokinin response to nitrate compared to non-legumes.One sentence summaryCytokinin biosynthesis is suppressed by nitrate in Lotus japonicus, providing a mechanism for nitrate inhibition of symbiotic nodule organogenesis.

scholarly journals Nitrate inhibition of nodule formation in Medicago truncatula is mediated by ACC SYNTHASE 10

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van Zeijl ◽  
Kerstin Guhl ◽  
Ting Ting Xiao ◽  
Defeng Shen ◽  
René Geurts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
One Step ◽  
Nitrate Inhibition ◽  
Nodule Initiation ◽  
Rate Limiting

ABSTRACTLegumes form a mutualistic endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These rhizobia are housed intracellularly in specialised lateral root organs, called nodules. Initiation of these nodules is triggered by bacterial derived signalling molecules, lipochitooligosaccharides (LCO). The process of nitrogen fixation is highly energy-demanding and therefore nodule initiation is tightly regulated. Nitrate is a potent inhibitor of nodulation. However, the precise mechanisms by which nitrate inhibits nodulation is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that in Medicago truncatula nitrate interferes with the transcriptional regulation of the ethylene biosynthesis gene ACC SYNTHASE 10. ACSs commit the rate limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis and in M. truncatula ACS10 is highly expressed in the zone of the root where nodulation occurs. Our results show that a reduction in ACS10 expression in response to LCO exposure correlates with the ability to form nodules. In addition, RNAi-mediated knockdown of ACS10 confers nodulation ability under otherwise inhibitory nitrate conditions. This discovery sheds new light on how ethylene is involved in the inhibition of nodulation by nitrate, bringing us one step closer to understanding how plants regulate their susceptibility towards rhizobia.

Biochemical Pathways and Myometrial Cell Differentiation Leading to Nodule Formation Containing Collagen and Fibronectin

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Feng ◽  
Friederike Jayes ◽  
Lauren Johnson ◽  
David Schomberg ◽  
Phyllis Leppert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Myometrial Cell ◽  
Biochemical Pathways

scholarly journals Chickpea shows genotype-specific nodulation responses across soil nitrogen environment and root disease resistance categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Plett ◽  
Sean L. Bithell ◽  
Adrian Dando ◽  
Jonathan M. Plett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in supporting growth and grain production. A number of factors can affect this symbiotic relationship including abiotic conditions, plant genotype, and disruptions to host signalling/perception networks. In order to support improved nodule formation in chickpea, we investigated how plant genotype and soil nutrient availability affect chickpea nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Further, using transcriptomic profiling, we sought to identify gene expression patterns that characterize highly nodulated genotypes. Results A study involving six chickpea varieties demonstrated large genotype by soil nitrogen interaction effects on nodulation and further identified agronomic traits of genotypes (such as shoot weight) associated with high nodulation. We broadened our scope to consider 29 varieties and breeding lines to examine the relationship between soilborne disease resistance and the number of nodules developed and real-time nitrogen fixation. Results of this larger study supported the earlier genotype specific findings, however, disease resistance did not explain differences in nodulation across genotypes. Transcriptional profiling of six chickpea genotypes indicates that genes associated with signalling, N transport and cellular localization, as opposed to genes associated with the classical nodulation pathway, are more likely to predict whether a given genotype will exhibit high levels of nodule formation. Conclusions This research identified a number of key abiotic and genetic factors affecting chickpea nodule development and nitrogen fixation. These findings indicate that an improved understanding of genotype-specific factors affecting chickpea nodule induction and function are key research areas necessary to improving the benefits of rhizobial symbiosis in chickpea.

A Fatal Case of Powassan Virus Encephalitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1239-1243
Author(s):  
Qiqi Yu ◽  
Eduard Matkovic ◽  
Sarah Reagan-Steiner ◽  
Amy M Denison ◽  
Rebecca Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Powassan Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Autopsy Tissues

Abstract Powassan virus (POWV) is a flavivirus of the tick-borne encephalitis serogroup that causes a rare and potentially life-threatening neuroinvasive disease. Viral transmission occurs during zoonotic spillover from mammals by the bite of an infected tick in endemic regions of North America. The number of reported POWV cases has recently increased in the United States. We report a fatal case of POWV meningoencephalomyelitis in Northern Wisconsin following a documented tick bite. Histologic examination of the brain demonstrated widespread intraparenchymal and perivascular lymphohistocytic infiltration, microglial nodule formation, and marked neuronal degeneration, most severely involving the substantia nigra, anterior horn of spinal cord and cerebellum. Although no viral inclusions were seen in routine light microscopy, electron microscopy identified multiple neurons containing cytoplasmic clusters of virus particles ∼50 nm in diameter. POWV infection was confirmed using immunohistochemical analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This report demonstrates in detail regional central nervous system involvement and ultrastructural characteristics of Powassan viral particles by transmission electron microscopy, while highlighting the utility of evaluating fixed autopsy tissues in cases of unexplained meningoencephalomyelitis.

scholarly journals Rock-Solubilizing Microbial Inoculums Have Enormous Potential as Ecological Remediation Agents to Promote Plant Growth

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Jia ◽  
Miaojing Meng ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Lu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Anthropogenic overexploitation poses significant threats to the ecosystems that surround mining sites, which also have tremendous negative impacts on human health and society safety. The technological capacity of the ecological restoration of mine sites is imminent, however, it remains a challenge to sustain the green restorative effects of ecological reconstruction. As a promising and environmentally friendly method, the use of microbial technologies to improve existing ecological restoration strategies have shown to be effective. Nonetheless, research into the mechanisms and influences of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums on plant growth is negligible and the lack of this knowledge inhibits the broader application of this technology. We compared the effects of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums on two plant species. The results revealed that rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums significantly increased the number of nodules and the total nodule volume of Robinia pseudoacacia L. but not of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. The reason of the opposite reactions is possibly because the growth of R. pseudoacacia was significantly correlated with nodule formation, whereas L. bicolor’s growth index was more closely related to soil characteristics and if soil nitrogen content was sufficient to support its growth. Further, we found that soil sucrase activity contributed the most to the height of R. pseudoacacia, and the total volume of root nodules contributed most to its ground diameter and leaf area. Differently, we found a high contribution of total soil carbon to seedling height and ground diameter of L. bicolor, and the soil phosphatase activity contributed the most to the L. bicolor’ s leaf area. Our work suggests that the addition of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums can enhance the supply capacity of soil nutrients and the ability of plants to take up nutrients for the promotion of plant growth. Altogether, our study provides technical support for the practical application of rock-solubilizing microbes on bare rock in the future.

The outcome of seven patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songul Gokay ◽  
Pembe Soylu Ustkoyuncu ◽  
Fatih Kardas ◽  
Mustafa Kendirci
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽  
Hereditary Tyrosinemia ◽  
Biochemical Imaging

AbstractBackground:Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare, inborn error of tyrosine metabolism. It is a fatal disorder without treatment. Early treatment may prevent acute liver failure, renal dysfunction, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and improves survival. The aim of the present study is to describe the clinical, biochemical, imaging and follow-up of seven patients with HT1 and to define the consequences of the late and interrupted treatment.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out with seven HT1 patients.Results:The median age at onset of clinical symptoms was 11.2 months (range, 3–28 months) and the median age at diagnosis was 22 months (range, 6–58 months). Liver enzymes and coagulation parameters were back to normal in all symptomatic patients in about 2 weeks. Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were normalized within the first year of therapy. Hypoechoic nodule formation was detected in two of the seven patients despite drug treatment without an increase of AFP and any dysplastic changes in the biopsies. One patient died due to metastatic HCC because of the late diagnosis and the poor compliance of the follow-up.Conclusions:This study showed once again that adherence to the treatment and a follow-up schedule of the patients are very important. Also it should not be forgotten that nodule formation can occur despite nitisinone treatment without an increase of AFP. Despite nitisinone treatment, HT1 patients still carry the risk of HCC. HCC must be detected before metastasis to other organs otherwise, patients may lose the chance for liver transplantation.

Studies on callose and cutin during the expression of competence and determination for organogenic nodule formation from internodes of Humulus lupulus var. Nugget

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Fortes ◽  
Pilar S. Testillano ◽  
Maria Del Carmen Risueño ◽  
Maria S. Pais
Keyword(s):  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Nodule Formation
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